US998850A - Automatic stereoscopic radiography. - Google Patents

Description

B. W. KELLY. AUTmuATw STERE-CSGOPIO RADIOGBJ PHY.

APPLICATlOK EILED APR. 5,1911.

Patented July 25, 1911 vwwtoz 5mm mm R a k a R A 2 7.1.1 1 N UNITED STATES PATENT ossron.

EDWIN W. KELLY, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

AUTOMATIC! STEREOSCOPIC RADIOGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed A ril 5,

Patented July 25. 191i,

1911. Serial tin. 619,201.

"-is accomplished.

preferably automatically, and resides also My invent-ion resides in apparatus for accomplishing the aforementioned purpose,

, in the process; 1

My mvention resides in the matters hereinafter described and. claimed.

or an illustration of 'oneof the forms the apparatils may take for carrying out my invention, reference is to had to the accompany-fin drawing. which is a diagrammutic View oi thecircuits and diagrammatic. or fragmentary yicws of theassociated ap: paratus.

In the drawing, G represents amotor generator or rotary converter, of which M is the electric motor element and N the generator element driven by the motor M. The

' motor M is supplied by either'direct or i Z; Wu.

alternating current from the supply conductors 1 and 2, and the brushes 11 and 1?. collectthe alternating current from the slip rings and communicate with the switch blades 13 and 14 respectively, which are adapted to engage the contacts 15 or. 16 respectively. A reversing switch R has the pairs of cross connected supply contacts and the middle pair of contacts communicating the consumption circuit. This consumption circuit includes the primary P of a transformer, such as a closed magnetic circuit transformer of the type described in prior U. S. Patent No. 954,056, C representmg the core of such transformer. This consumption circuit includes also the adjustable resi tance L adjustable by the switch b. And the switch a is adapted to include In the consumption circuit 1i greater or less.

number of turns of the primary P.

S represents the high otential secondary of the transformer T- w 1058 primary is P,

one terminal of the secondary being connected to the conducting arcsi? 1nd 5, while the other terminal is connected to the con are the conducting arcs 4, 6, S and 10, of which 4 and 10 are electrically connected connected together. The cross connectors 'r, t, u and c are rotated by the shaft m con nected by insulating coupling p with the N. These arcs and cross connectors ecu-3th tute a rectifying switch, as explained in said aforementioned Letters Patent. which then delivers uni-directional current at high p0- tcntial to the conductors l7 and 18, 17 being connected to the arcs 4 and 10, while the conductor 18 is connected to the arcs 6 find 8. 19 and 20 are spark gap terminals; forming a spark gap which may be employed if desired to determine the maximum potential which shall be impressed upon the X-ray tube X.

The conductor 18 connects with the positive terminal or anode. 21. while the cenductor 17 connects with the negative terminal or cathode iii-of the X-ruy' tube 31,.

the conductor 18 being positive with respect to the conductor 17. When the ulternatin current generator N 15 rotating at full spc 17 negative, so that the current will pass through the tube in the right direction.

The tube X is supported in the bracket 23 carried upoii the movable carriage 24, slidable or movable upon the stationary frame Connected to the carriage 24 is a member 26-cxtending through a slot 27 into the. tube 28 held in fixed relation with resnect to the frame '25. Within the tube 28 is a rod 29 carrying a plunger 30 and at; its outer end the head 3-1 adapted to be held by the latch 32 p voted at 35 and controlled b the spring 34, the spring holding-the rlghthaud end of the latch 32 depressed m 29. Within the tube 28 is a sprin 35 whose one end is connected to the tu e 28 and whose other end is connected to the rod 29.

,shaft q of the source of altern-Aing current 'the rotating cross connectors 7, t, u and u of the rectifying sw tch are driven JD syn tor 18 will become positive and conductor POSLUGII to restriiin the head 31 on the rod.

ducting arcs 7 and 9. Opposed to these arcs together and the arcs 8 and 6 electrically is the member 40 extending t .rough the slot able the rod -13 having a plunger head 41.

I upon the shaft 63 or to the drum 64; is a I This step-up gearing rotates the fan 71 at wheel 72 having the shoulders or notches 73,

target or anode 21 of the tube X is disposed The right hand end of the tube 28 is closed,

the plate carrier 37 which is movable substantially parallel to the frame 25 upon which the tube X is movable. Upon the carrier 37 are disposed sensitized plates or the like, 38 and 39, inclosed in plate holders or any other suitable means, for excluding ordinary light. Secured to the carrier 37 I 41 in the fixed tube 42 within which is mov- The tube 12 i closed at'its right hand end except for the air escape passage 15. VVith in the tube 42 is a spring 46 whose one end is secured to the rod 43 which carries at its left end a head -17 restrained by the latch 48 l pivoted at 4:9 and urged to the position shown by the spring 50. Associated with the latch 32 is the electro-magnet 51 and with the latch 48 is associated the electro-v magnet These windings are here shown connected in series with each other, it being the objectthat they shall be simultaneously energized. lVhen these elcctro-magnets are traversed by alternating current, as in the case here illustrated, the cores and their armatures are, of course, preferably laminated.

The member 53 is secured by set screw 51 to the frame 55 and carries the stationary contact. 56 with which is adapted to engage the contact 57 carried by the leaf s ring 58 supported on but insulated from tlie memher 53. i-md, similarly, a fixed member 59 carries a stationary contact 60 adapted to be engaged by the movable contact 61 carried by the spring 62 supported on but insulated from the member 59. These switches 56, 57 and G0, 61 are connected in series with each other so that the circuit controlled by them is not closed until both are closed.

Upon the shaft 63 is secured a. drum or grooved wheel it to which is secured one end of a rope or the like 65, carrying the weight 66. The weight. 66 tends to rotate the drum 64 and also the commutator or switch mechanism, later referred to, in the dire tion indicated by the arrows. Secured gear wheel 7 meshing with the pinion 6 8 secured to-the gear .69 which drives the pinion 70 carrying the air or other 'fan 71.

high speed so that the rotation of the drum (31 and the attached parts is suitably retarded. The amount of retardation may be adjusted by using different sizes of fan, or by any other suitable means.

Secured to the shaft 63- is the locking 7-! and 75. The latch 76 is adapted to engage tlcse shoulders or notches m sueces-- sion, the latch being pivoted at 77 and urged toward the pdsition shown by the spring 78. Adapted to attract the right hand end of the latch 76 in opposition to the spring 78 is a core 79 having the two windings 80 and 81. 70

When these windings are traversed by alternatmg current, as m the present case, the

core 79 and the part which it attracts, may be suitably laminated. On the shaft 63 is secured the switch mechanism or commutator 82 comprising peripheral contacts 83, 84,

and 86. Contacts 83 and 85 are insulated from each other and from the contacts 8 1 and 86. Contacts 84 and 86 are electrically connected together and to the slip ring 87 80 upon which bears the brush 88. Contact 85 is electrically connected to the slip ring 89 upon which bears the brush 90. The contact- 83 is electrically connected to the slip ring 91 upon which bears the brush 92. 85

Frdm the brush 88 a conductor 93 cxtendsto one supply terminal of the. reversing switch R. From the other supply terminal of the reversing switch R and rom contact 15 extends a conductor 94 to one terminal of the the conductor 94 there is a connection 95 through conductor 97 to the contact 60, and from the movable contact 61 extends a conductor 98 to the switch contact 56, and from the switch contact 57 extends a conductor 99 to one terminal of the electro-magnet 80 whose other terminal connects by conductor 100 to the brush 90. The brush92 connects by conductor 101 to one terminal of the electro-magnet 81 whose other terminal connects through conductor 102 to the conductor 94, a suitable resistance 103 being included when desired. From contactlti extends a conductor 104 to brush 105.

The operation is as followstThe motor generator or rotary converter, or alternator N, is broughtup to, speed by any suitable means and, as before stated, the cross connectors r, t, a and n of the rectifyin switch rotate in synchronism'therewith. h ormally contact 83, through slip ring 91. through .brush 92, conductor-101, eloctro-magnet winding 81. conductor 192, back to contact 15 and to the other terminal 12 of the generator N. In consequence, the core 79 is magnetized and the latch 76 islifted free I of the shoulder or notch 73 and the weight 66 is free to descend and rotate the shaft and attached parts in the direction of the arrows. Contact 83 immediately lcavgs brush 105, but contact 84 approaches and passes under brush 105 wherutpon current then passes from contact 16 through brush 105, contact 84, slip ring! 87. brush 88, conductor 93, to one suppiy terminal of the reversin switch R, thence through a consumption circuit contact of the switch R, through the primary P of the transformer T, switch a, resistance L, switch I), back to the other terminal of the reversing switch R, thence to the suppiy terminal in communication with contact 15 to the other-side of the generator-X. This energizes the transformer and as a result uni-directional current is passed through the X-ray tube X exciting, the same to produce X-rays, the rays passing through the patient or other object and impinging upon the plate 38 where they make their impression. This euergization of the X-ray tube X lasts onl so long as the contact 84 is in engagement with brush 105. After the contact 54 has pa sed from under orush 105, contact engages the brush 10:) whereupon current will flow from one side. of the generator X through contact 16, conductor 10- brush 105. conta t 85. slip ring 89, to brush 90, thence through conductor 96, electroanagncts 52 and .71, conductor-Whack to the other side of the generator. Elect. o unencts 5'1 and 2 are. therefore. simultaneously energized. and. consequentlv. their re'-' spcctive latchcsand 48 are actuated by .them to release the rods 39 and 43 l( |)L' tn'ely, whereupon the springs 3 and 46 move these rods toward the right. the more nicnts being retarded in the first case by the plunger 30 expelling air through passage 3t from'thc tube 29, and in the iattcr case h s the plunger -34 expelling-.5 air fr m the tube 4t through the p. ssag'c 45. in con sequence. the X41) tuhc X and the plates and ifi'arc moved toward the right. The tube X is moved to the right a distance substantially 2. ii'i hes. hing the average distance between the human eyes. so that the anode or target it then assumcsthe dotted line po ition indizutcd- The plates 39 and '35) move a greater di tance. however. so that the plate 35) comes .o the position previously oc upied hy the p ate 3. The carriage 2i carrying the X-m r tube-moves to and he- \-ond the positi n indicated in dotted lines and at the end of it movement actuates the spring to ln-i'ig contact 57 into engagement with conta t 51'. .'\nd. imilarlv. the

plate carrier :17 at the end of its movement actuatw th c aim-t to hring it into engage: cut with the c ntact 60. During these mov uts f the tu e X and the carrier 37 toward the right. the notch 74 has come into engagement with the latch 76 thereby stopping the sha it and the attached parts. Insueh }.-'l\l(.ri the verdant R3 is still in engagement with hr: .0 \i'hcn hath-the ends of their travel both switches 56.- 57 and G0, G1 are closed and thereupon current flows.

from one side of the. generator N through contaci to, brush 10.), contact 85. slip ring 89, brush 9t, through conductor I00. electromagnet winding 80, conductor 99. through switch 56, 57, conductor 98. switch 30. (31, conductor 37 to conductor 9% hack to the other side of the generator S. The core '19 is, therefore, again energized. this time by the winding 80, whereupon the lat'ji i6 is again raised and the weight (36v again dcseends continuing the rotation of the shaft 63 and attached parts. Contact 85 passes out from under hrush 105, and later the con- 75 has come around into engagement with the latch 76 and the parts are again stopped, and the operator then opens the switch 13, 14. This completes the operation of the mechanism, and the result has been the successive exposure of sensitized plates with successive positions of the source of X-rai's. the images on these plates, when developed, then being in stereoscopic relation. and they may be viewed in snitahle stereoscopic apparatus as understood in the art. If :36. 57 and (i0. 61" are closed before '76 engage 74, the shaft G:- continues to rotate without intcrruptiox'i.

than it is desired to make another series of exposures the operator simply lifts the latch 76 and allows the should r 75 to escape and the parts rotate until the latch 76 again engages the shoulder or notch 73. And the tuhe. X and plate carrier 37 are r turned to their original latched positions. 'l'hcn. upon a second closure of the switch 1 1. 14, the cycle of operations will he automatically repeat d.

While I have shown a .source of alternating current with a-step-np transformer and rectify ng switch as meansfor cnergizlng the X-ray tuhealul the alternating current.

as means for energizing the trippiugniagnets. it. is to he understood that a direct current may he nscdfor energizing these mag:- ucts. or that an ordinary induction coil with \i'chnclt or other interrupter in its primary may he nscdiasa source of current for the X-ray tube. direct current being used in niost cases in the induction coil primary '(HPXHL V Fromlhc arrangement of the switches 56,

57 and 60, 61, in series with each other in the relation described, it follows that both the X-ray tube and the plates must have reached their new positions before the X-ray tube can again be excited. If the tube should be excited before either the tube or the plates had-reached the second position, a premature explosure would result, and a plate would be spoiled because either the plate or the tube would still be moving at the time of exposure.

By adjusting the speed of rotation of the shaft 63, the cycle of operations may be performed in shorter or longer intervals, according as shorter or longer exposures are required.

I do not wish to be limited as to my inven tion to the particular arrangements or constructions herein disclosed, it being understood that the particular constructions and arrangements here disclosed are by way of example merely.

Where the amount of current for energization of the X-ray tube is so great that sub stantial arcing would incur at the commutator contacts 84 and 88, these contacts may be employed, instead of directly in the circuit with the X-ray tube, in the circuit of a relay or other controlling device, which will cause closure of the circuitthrough the X-ray tube when brush is in contact with either contact 84 or 88.

While the arrangement herein disclosed is electro-mechanical in nature, it is to beundcrstood that they may be in whole or in part replaced by mechanical, pneumatic or other suitable controls. Indeed, any mechanism, mechanical, pneumatic. hydraulic, or electrical so related as to shift the tube and the lates that the second energization of the -ray .tube is impossible until after the tube and plates have reached their final positions, may be emplo ed.

What I claim is:

1. The process of automatically making stereoscopic X-ray exposures, which consists in automatically producing X-rays for a predetcrun led interval of time, thereafter shifting a source of Xrays and the sensitized medium, and thereafter automatically producing X,- rays for another predetermined interval of time.

2. The process of automatically making stereos-conic X-ray exposures, which consists in automatically producing X-rays for a predetermined interval of time. thereafter :n 1toniati(.-ally shifting a source of X-rays and the sensitized medium. and thereafter automatically producing X-rays for another predetermined interval of time.

3. In combination, an liq'ay tube, a source of energy. means for energizing said X-ray tube from said source of energy. a plate carrier, means for automatically shifting said plate carrier and said X-ray tube, and

said commutator, a circuiu for starting said driving means, a plate carrier. means for moving said X-ray tube and said plato'carricr, a circuit controlled by said comnmtator for energizing said X-ray tube. and a circuit controlled by said commutator after first energization of said tube for causing movement of said X-ray tube and said plate carrier, said commutator thereafter rontmlling further cnergization of said X-ray tube. In combination, an X-ray tube. a ource of current, a commutator. means for driving said commutator, a circuit for starting said driving means. a plate carrier. means for moving said X-ray tube am, said plate can rier, a circuitcontrolled by said commutator for energizing said X-ray tube, a circuit controlledby said commutator after first energization ot said tube for causing movement of said X-ray tube and said plate carrier, means automatically stopping said commutator after first cnergization of said X- ray tube, and a circuit controlled by the movement of said tube and said plate carrier for restarting said commutator, aid commutator thereafter controlling a. second energization of said tube.

6. In combination, an X-ray tube, a source of current, a commutator, means for driving the same, a plate carrier, means for moving said tube and plate carrier, a switch eontr0lling the starting of said commutator, said commutator thereafter energizing said :be, causing the shifting of aid tube, and said plate carrier, and thereafter causing second energizution of said tube. v

7. In combination, an X-r: y tube, a plate carrier, means-for moving said X-my tube, means for moving said plate carrier, means for retarding the movement of said X-ray I tuhc. means for retarding the movement of said plate carrier, and a commutator having; contacts controlling respectively first energization of said tube, the movement or said tube and said plate carrier, and a second energization of said tube.

8. In combination. an X-ray tube, a plate carrier, means for moving said X-ray tube. means for moving said plate carrier, means for retarding the mo ement of said X-ray tube, means for retarding the. movementof said plate carrier, and a commutator having contacts controlling respect in-ly first ncrgization of said tube, subsequent movm...-nt of said tube and plate carrier. the stopping of said commutator until said tube and plate carrier have reached their final positions. subsequent starting of said commutat r. and thereafter a second energization of said tube.

10f a plate carrier, means for moving said l energized when said tube and plate carrier tube, means for moving said plate carrier, 1 have reached their final positions for again 15 means for locking said tube in normal posiunlocking said commutator, and a further lion, means for locking said plate carrier in"; contact of sgiid commutator controlling sec- 5 normal position, a commutator, means for 3 0nd energization of said tube.

locking the same in normal position, and a i In testimony whereof I have hereunto afcircuit for unlocking said commutator, a fixed my signature in the presence of the two 20 cogtact for saidi comnuitatog controllfing subscribing witnesses. $11 so uent ener ization o sai time :1 ur-: Y e

10 tliei' contact 0% said commutator subse- EDWIN BELLY qucntly unloeking'said tube and said plate 3 carrier, said commutator locking means sub- Z sequently locking said commutator, a circuit; 5

Witnesses ANNA E. STEINBOCK, ELEAxoR T. MCCALL.

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