US994631A - Extraction process and apparatus therefor. - Google Patents

Description

. J. J. BERRIGAN.

EXTRACTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

wi hamo z/ir J. J. EB

TUB THEREFOR. 8, 1909.

Patented June 6, 1911.

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EXTRACT Patented June 6, 1911.

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2 wry- 4% J. J. BERRIGAN. EXTRACTION PROCESS AND ABPABATUS THEREFOR.

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Patented June 6, 1911.

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To all whom it'may concern:

7 Be it.known that I, JOHN J. BERBIGAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Orange, in thecounty of Essex and State of New Jerse ,-have invented certain new and useful mprovements in Extraction Processes and Apparatus Therefor, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to extraction processes and apparatus therefor; andit comprises a process of extraction wherein a material to be pressed and freed of liquid is held and positioned centrifugally against ,draulic and screw presses,

7 to be pressed 1S be able to perform uous' manner, continuously supplying fresh an interior surface of a rotating member and while so positioned is sub'ected to a mechanical pressing action, suc action if so desired being reinforced by centrifugal pressure, while subsequently, if so desired, the pressed material isremoved from the presser member by, or with the aid of, centain organizations of apparatus elements for extraction by pressing, such organizations member havin an interior presser face and layer of material thereon, means for rapidly rotating such member, means for supplying material to be such member uring its rotation and means for compressing such material against such face during such rotation; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

In the removal of oil from seeds, residual extractive liquors from-extracted materials, mother liqupr from crystals, water from slurry, moisture or liquid from magma-s and in general in removing liquids from solids, it is frequently desirable to use a high degree of pressure, while it isalso desirable to the operation in a continmaterial to be pressed and continuously removing pressed material. The ordinary hywhile capable of applying as much pressure as may be desired operate in arliscontinuous manner and cannot conveniently be made to operate otherwise.

There are many types of continuous presses but these in practice are open to the objection that: it is difiiculttoprevent caking and clogging-on the pressing members, and to maintain the material in position. In the present invention I) have devised a new mode of o'" ration wherein the material ax'raac'rrou riwonss m Specification of ietters ratent. Application filed April 16, 1909. Serial No. $90,415.

trifugal force and it also comprises oer-- comprising a rotatable or revoluble presser adapted to maintain a centrifugally clinging ressed to the interior face of arraaa'rus 'rnnanroa. f

l pressin members while located and maintainedin position as a layer of the desired thickness by the action of centrifugal force. For this purpose, the material may be brought by centrifugal force u on and positioned against an inner face 0 a hollow rotating outer presserg member and while so positioned, compressed by the action of any suitable inward mechanism. This presser member may or may not be foraminous and may or may not be provided with a filtering surface of textile material. For many purposes the use of a foraminous presser memher in this relation is desirable, and so also is the use of a textile material of the ordinary filter cloth. With a foraminous outer presser member, liquid separated from the material an inner presser member is thrown radially outward therethrough.

face of which the material is positioned be not foraminous, it is form or construct form of more or less positive removalof the separated liquid from the solid. The rotating presser member may for instance be an imperforate drum, preferably slightly coned. Material to be pressed may be fed to the innu face of the rotating drum, preferably at or near the larger end. Under the influence of the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the drum, such material will cling to and be positioned upon the inner face of the drum. While so positioned, it may be sub able presser member. stated, the liquid will tend to flow to and over the edge of the larger end of'the drum. -Thematerial may be forced toward the other end of the drum byany suitable mechanism being compressed during -its .progress by suitable compression means. r the drum-may be of a foraminous material such .as wire fabric or cloth In this event the separated liquid will pass outward radially subjected to the action of ing may be omitted. In another and advantageous embodiment of the present invention an endless: belt may be "looped around suitable rolls, traveling about them with a proper motion independent of that of the apparatus as a whole while the whole system of belt and rolls rotates or revolves on an included axis. Material fed .against the inner face of the belt will cling thereto and be-posi- Patented June 6, 1911.

the nature of by the pressing action of centrifugally the rotating presser member against an inner' usually desirable to it so as to give some other jected to a compressive action by any suit- With the coned drum through the orifices of the drum and the con UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

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foraminous or non foraminous material. Using a belt filter cloth, which. may be a textile or a wire fabric, this may be'caused 5 to travel under tension around an included series of compressing rollers having individual planetary rotations as well as an orbital revolution the whole assemblage of belt and rollers beinggiven a rotation or revolution about a common axis. This latter rotation causes material fed to the interior surface of the traveling belt to cling thereon centrifugally while the compressing rollers compress it thereagainst. Smce the 1 5 surface of such an individually rotating roller after administering compression must move away from the belt toward the axis, there is little tendency for material to cling thereon, since such clinging would be against the centrifugal actiondue to the rotation of the apparatus as a whole,and if material'which does cling be detached from the roller surface it at once flies back to the normal position upon the belt. In its progress around a plurality of compressing rollers, the belt may be given an inverse bend from time to time between the. rollers by means of idler rollers bringing the belt temporarily a little nearer center, and these inverse bends tend to break up the solidity of the cake or layer clinging to the belt. The system of belt and rollers may or may not be included in a rotary casing. The casing is sometimes convenient in some embodiments of-the invention but is not neceso sary to the operation as hereinbefore described. In a further development of the stated embodiment, the t' aveling belt may be given a further looping around the'exterior of the assemblage in such a manner that the surface or face which was on the zinterior during its functioning as a presser member and whereon material tended to cling during compression, becomes an exterior surface from which clinging material readily detaches centrifugally. That is, an endless belt may be given an arcuate loopingwith the ends of the arc terminating somewhat short of, a complete circle to afl'ord an exit for pressed material, the two sides of the belt affording a pair of substantially concentric arcs. One such arcuate section of the belt passes around the interior of the s stem and over the rollers in the manner escribed, carrying the material to be extracted on-its inner surface while the other arcuate 1 section passes outwardly around the exterior of the assemblage and back to,

the interior again. Withan endless belt so arranged and given-a proper or traveling motion, it is obvious that an given point on the inner or presser face of the inner arc sue; cessively traverses the inner surface of the inner arc and the outer-surface of the outer arc; that is, in this manner of operating what is the interior surface of the inner loop The belt may be of I a means, or, and ver where close-woven with thebecomes the outer surface of the outer-loop and material clinging positively to .said inner surface in the inner position is positively detached when such inner surfacebeomes the outer surface. The outer are or section may be held in a substantially circular position by idlers. 'While it is convenient toha ve the two turns or loops of the belt form arcs with ends somewhat apart to. afford a ready passage for extracted material, the ends may be, overlapped somewhat. The inner or compressing rolls or rollers may be given a posi-' tive pressure against the inner or presser face of the belt byany desired mechanical advantageously, may be given an adjustab e pressure b centrifugal orce, one or'more of such rolls eing mounted in such manner asto be free to move more or less radially, as by mounting it in radially slidable bearings, in a pivoted crank-like bearing 01', and ver slmply, by merely mounting loosely. greater the velocity of revolution or raw; tion of the 'whole system, the eater is the pressure between belt and r0 s. But one roll need be so mounted, its outward pressure being suflicient to maintain the belt tautand thereby give equivalent pressure between it and the remaining rolls or idlers. With a radially movable roll weighing, say 10 to 150 pounds and with of the whole assemblage .of, say, several hundred revolutions per minute enormous pressures between belt and rolls may be read- 1ly attained. The pressure will of course be dependent upon the velocity and may be hen so arranged, the

a velocity of rotation readily regulated by regulating the speed of rotation. While the pressure may be adjusted and made inde endent of the speed by fixed mounting of the rolls in' mechanically adjustable bearings, there is "ordinarily no advantage in this and it is desirable to have at least part of the pressure centrifugally exerted.

With an arrangement of the t pe described, it is ossible to use extremely high pressures in tlie extraction while at the same time the presser members do not clog or choke. With these very high pressures is of course necessary to use belting of material having a ver high tensile strength and it is usually desirable to have it of limited exensloility. In various embodiments escribed apparatus, any of the ordiof the nary types of machine belting may be em ployed. With woven or knitted wire belt mg, expressed 1i uids find a ready exit outward centrifugally through the'meshes but canvas belting or rubber belting is employed it is usually desirable to ecial expedients for, disposing of employ the liqui expressed. The roll forming the inner pressing member and cooperating I b'elt may, for example, be made, forammo'us. Or, and veryadvantageously,

In the accompanying illustration, I have a double belt may be employed, one la er being of ,suitably textured relatively t in fabric, such as ordinary filter cloth-which need have no-special mechanical strengthwhile another layer is of heavy belting material. The two layers may or inay not be united, as by sewing, stitching, etc., but there is ordinarily no special a vantage in so uniting them it being suflicient to superimpose the layers. not foraminous, as with rubber belting, or is very slightly porous, as with heavy canvas belting, it maybe slotted, punched or slitted to give exit to the fluids drainingthrough the filter cloth and to vantageous results. Wit heavy machines, for example, an advantageous arrangement of fine lter cloth and an outer layer of heavy, strong plane surfaced canvas belting, say, 2 inch in thickness, having a number of perforations punched in it. With the described arrangement of rolls and idlers, the latter giving'a reverse bend to the belt, during the compression the filter cloth is given a shorter bend than the outer layer and bags upward into the punch holes more or less, the bag filling with the material under expression. In the reverse bend over the idlers, the filter cloth is stretched more than the reinforcing layers and the pocketed portions of material are dislodged This is a very advantageous type of action for many purposes. With smaller and lighter machines, a simple belt of strong filter cloth or wire fabric may be-suflic'ient'. In operation, machines of this ty of course cause considerable movement 0 air in their vicinity, and

one of the idvantages of the double-arc arthe apparatus is to ,making dry flaked cereals, I etc. In expressing shown,

rangement of the belt described is that the belting dries out during its progress through the outer arc.

The rolls may be heated, as by steam, where a hot expression is desired, or where be used for makin dry cooked food or feed, as, for exampfi: in dry flaked malt, oils from seeds, etc., this heating is often advantageous. Or steam jets or water sprays maybe used in treating the material under expression. Where steam or water is used, it is advantageously ap- -'plied to the material immediately after one or more of the compressing rolls since the material passing beyond the roll expands so is enabled to absorb the more or less diagrammatically, certain organizations of apparatus elements embodying the described invention and caess.

Inthis showing z-Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section, certain elements being of Fig. 1 along line 31-31; Fi

Where the outer layer is.

roduce other adis a com ound belt having an inner layer structure of Figs. 1

- What and a compound belt pable of employment in the described procshown in elevation, along line 22-40 of 2, showing one such embodiment; Fig.2 1s a vertical transverse section of the structure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of a m ification of the structure of Figs. 1 and 2, taken along line z'z of Fig.4 Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical transverse section of the structure of Fig. 3, taken along line view on an enlarged scale showin a perfo rated compound belt passin around a presser roll and given a reverse nd by an idler roll (see Fig. 2) Fig. .6 is a vertical section of another modification; Fig. 7a horizontah section of the same,; Fig. 8 1s a detail view; Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively vertical longitudinal and transverse, sections of another modification; Fig. 11 is a vertical transverse section of a modification of the and. 2; Fig. 12 is a. detail view of a presser roll; and Fig. 13 is a fragmentary detail of a roll mounting.

In the embodiment of this invention shown in different sections in Figs. 1 and 2, the base 1 is provided with standards 2 and 3 supporting the rotary arts. Journaled 1n the standard 2 is a s ort .hollow shaft 4 carrying drivepulley 5 and rigid with head 6 of rotary casing or drum 7. end, this drum is provided with head 8 and is journaled in standard 3. The drum is rovided with an outlet 9 for solids and an outlet 10 for expressed liquid, the former being provided with a lip or dam 11 to prevent liquid gaining access thereto. Around and inclosing this rotary drum is a stationary housin 12 for collecting discharged matters, this housing having a section 13 inclosing the discharge outlet for solids and another section 14 receiving discharged liquid. The housing is space away somefrom, the drum and the drum is'provided with a brush, fan or scraper 15 operating in the space thus formed and conveying discharged solids to an outlet 16 formed in the base. Within the drum are the compressing elements proper, these consisting'of a plurality of presser rolls (three are shown-see-Fig. 2), 17,'17",'and 17, formed of an inner or pressclo'th layer 18 and an outer layer of heavy belting material 19. "As shown, this belt is looped in what may be describedas a double arc, the inner turn forming. the

resser face and passing first over a presser roll 17", thence, over idler 20 which gives it an inverse bend, thence over another presser roll '17 and thence out over another roll 17 which though" like the other rolls in structure in this embodiment .has no pressing function. It is however useful not only as an idler roll but to balance the rotor, and to reverse the direction of travel of the belt. The reversed belt passes around the outside of the structure over idlers 21 and At the other izs back over idler 22 to the interior of the system. With this arrangement, it is obvious that whatis the inner or presser face of the belt within the system becomes the outer face in the exterior arc. The presser rolls are given a slight central coming and may be provided with end flanges 23. One or more of them is also preferably circumferentially grooved, as at 24. It is desirable that at least the first presser roll functionin (in this showin 17)should be sogroove The presser r0 ls are mounted in ournals motiqn to the stub shaft through 33.. Upon the end of the shaft is a ulley 34, actuating belt and pulley 36 which drives a shaft 37,extending through the base of the press, and serving to actuate the feeding means. At the other end of this shaft is apulley 38 driving ulley 39 through belt 40. This latter pulley 1s mounted'on a hollow shaft 41 containing pipe 42 for water or steam and cept where otherwise stated, the

carr ing a screw conveyer 43, operating in con uit 43" receiving material from hopper 44' and discharging it through 45 between the presser face of the belt and the first presser roll (17). Nozzle 46 is arranged to discharge water, steam or other fluid upon the expanding material behind this first presser roll. Scraper blades 47 may be set to clear the grooves Scraper 105 serves to detach material clinging to the belt before the belt moves out of alinement with the discharge orifice in'drum 7. In order to produce the desired amount of pressure between rolls and belt, one of the presser rolls may be so arranged as to be permitted a limited amount of radial movement, as by journaling it on a pair of crank arms 48, mounted in the end walls of the casing. One of these arms extends therethrough and is provided with a lever 49 having an arm 50, (see Fig. 13) provided with a curved guide slot 51 engaging a fixed pin 52 and limited in its movements by set-screw -53.

In Figs. 3 and 4 are shown views of another modification in which the belt is given a single in, lieuof a double looping. Ex elements bearing the same reference numerals are the same as those in Fi 1 and 2. With the presser belt arranged i n a single turn in lieu of the double are shown in the previous figures, special means the compressed material. In theQembodi- .alsoi effected in a somewhat difl'erent must be used to remove ment here shown, these means consist of a. screw conveyer 54 en aging the presser face of the belt at a pointIueyond the last presser roll 17. Beyond this screw conveyer, scraper 55 also engages the face of the belt. The screw conveyer is actuated by sprocket and chain drive connections 56 deriving motion from the stub shaft (26). Material removed :from the face of the belt by the screw conveyer is brought to the end of the apparatus beyond the line of the belt and presser roll and is thrown centrifugally through an orifice '57 in the rotary drum. Stationary housing 58 is arranged over this solid discharge outlet. Fluids accumulated on the inner wall of the drum are discharged through liquid outlet- 59 into a stationaryhousing 60. Flange, rib or dam 6.1 prevents liquid on the interior of the rotary drum reaching the utlet for solids. The radially movable adjustment of roll 17 is manner from that of the preceding figure. The journal shafts 62 of this rollpass loosely through the end walls of the drum and are given a radial adjustment h set screws 63. In Fig. 5, is shown, on an en arged scale, the effect of the reverse bend upon the described compound belt. As shown, the heavy belting material is perforated as at 64. In giving the compound belt curvature around presser roll 17, the filter cloth layer being on the shorter side is forced more or less into these erforations, forming bags or pockets 65 fiill of the material undergoing compression. In the reverse bend in the belt by idler 20 the filter cloth being on the outside is stretched somewhat over the convexed flat-surfaced belt obliterating these pockets or bags, cake.

In Figs. 6 and 7 are shown different views of a modified form in which the belt is dispensed with. In this showing there is a rotary basket made of the. usual perforated or slotted metal 66 and provided with liner 67 of a close woven metal or textile fabric. Preferably, this is a metal fabric. The basket is given rotary motion by a hollow shaft 68 through which passes another shaft 69. This latter shaft carries a pair of spiders 70 and 71. 7 As shown, the spiders have 4 arms. Two of these arms carry scra er or plow blades'72 set at an angle (see ig. 8) and adapted to move material from the top of the basket downwardly to the base. Intermediate these scrapers are a pair of and breaking up the press rollers 73 loosely journaled in the spider arms and adapted to have a more or less radial movement. At the top, the basket is provided with a feed hopper 74 communicating with a feedduct charge material by centrifugal force against the top inner wall of th'e basket. At the base of the basket is 75 adapted to disan outlet 76 to which- 9 loope belt, clingin shown different mem rs are dispensed with. In this showin a coned imperforatedrum 82 is revolu ly mounted in 'standapds 83 and 84 and given motion by driving means (not shown) actuating hollow shaft 85. Within this casing operates a shaft 86 carrying a pairof four-armed spiders '87 and 88. A pair of presser rolls 89 are loosely mounted in these spider arms to permit some radial movement. A series of scrapers 90, operating like the scrapers in Fig. 6, are carried by the other arms of the spider. Material to be expressed is fed into the apparatus from a hopper '(not shown) by means of screw conveyer 91 and feedduct 92. Expressed liquid escapes through outlet 93 into stationary casing 94. Expressed solids are moved forward toward the smaller end of the cone by the scraper blades ultimately reaching and escaping through outlet 95 into stationary casing 96.

In Fig. 11 is shown a modification of the device employing a doubly-looped belt in which the outer turn of said belt passes around the exterior of. the rotary drum. The reference numerals designating the several elements are the same as those in Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 12 is shown a foraminous roll which may be employed as a presser roll in any of the modifications described, where it is not desirable or practicable to have the liquid escape outwardly through the'belt, as where a non-foraminous belt is employed, or in such a device as that of Fig uid attaining the interior *of this roll escapes through outlets 97 in the errd faces of the roll. Fig. 13 is a detail view showing the arrangement of the crank mounting of the presser rolls of Figs. 1 and 2. The operation of these devices is obvious from the foregoing. The device of Fig. 1 having been iven a rapid rotation by power from any su table source, the material coming from hopper 44 is fed inward by means of conveyer 43 actuated by 39, until it reaches feed conduit 45 out of which it is thrown by centrifugal force u on the inwardl moving or press face 0 the double thereto positively with to the rapidity of rotation of the apparatus as a whole. As the belt at the point where the discharge comes is also moving toward the pine between belt and roller 17 in a line which'brings a force proportiona modification under the irssent invention, in whlch foraminous.

'belts and rolls being given and if desired or necessary water, steam,

points, upon it radiallyfarther from the apparatus axis, centrifugal force positively asslsts the feed into and through the pinch, which is also on a similar line, producing a sort of forced feed. Pilin up on the belt or backward yieldin or dislodgment of the layer by the crow ing'action of the roll is positively resisted by centrifugal action. The materlal fed clings to and is ositioned against the resser face of the elt-as a. layer and this material is compressed by roll 17", the whole system of justable de ee of compressive engagement b the ra ial movement of adjustable roll 1 The grooving of the presser roll at 24 serves to retain the material at the desired point against lateral yielding. The layer of material passing around the roll 17 on the belt does not tend to cling to and follow the roll beyond the point of engagement, since to do so would be in opposition to centrifugal force. Any material'which may cling, however, when detached by scraper 47 en aging the groove, at once flies back an is positioned upon the surface ofthe belt. T e material passing outward beyond the point of engagement between roll and presser belt expands and becomes porous, oil ed thereupon steam or hot or other fluid may be dischar through nozzle 46. The use 0 water at this point is often convenient in extracting oil from seeds. The cake of material upon the belt is given an inverse bend and broken up by roller 20. Where a compound belt is em loyed, having one layer of close-textur filter cloth and another layer of perforated belting material as is usually preferable in heavy machines, the operation diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5 materially aids in this breaking up of the cake. In the bend around 17 the outer layer of the compound belt 19 is under more tension than the inner layer 18, and 18 therefore bags into the erforations more or less. In passing around roll 20, 18 becomes the outer layer and is placed under tension obliterating this pocketing. Usin a foraminous belt in the structure of Figs. 1 and 2, liquid escapes outwardly through the belt and accumulates on the inner surface of the rota drumas a wery thin layer and escapes t rough "10 into housing 14. The rib 11 prevents this thin layer of liquid gainin access to outlet 9 for the solids. The so ids clinging to the inner surface of the belt after passing idler 20, pass between the presser faces of the belt and roll 17 and are iven another pressing thereby. Passing %eyond this roll the materials which still cling to the inner face 18, pass outward around 17 to a point where the inner a high but-adrotating drum 7. The rotating outlet 9 into the space between the drum and the casing 12, scraper 105 serving to prevent the material passing onward to a point out of alinement with the outlet. Scraper or fan 15 conveys them forward through this space to the solid discharge 16. In the structure of this figure, press roll 17 operates partly as an idler and to preserve the balance of the rotor and partly as a discharge means.

The structure of Figs. 3 and 4 operates as the structure just described, save in that the belt is not given an outward turn whereby expressed solids may be ex elled radially, In this structure 17 also auctions as a presser roll. Material passing between 17' and the presser face ofthe belt is given three compressions by 17, 17 and 17, and is finally removed from the presser face of the belt by the engaging screw conveyer 54 which delivers it at a point beyond the end of the belt and presser rolls whence it can be thrown out centrifugally through orifice 57 intocasing 58.

The structure shown in Fig. 11 operates in the same maner as the structure of Figs. 1 and 2, save in that the belt is iven the reverse turn around the outside 0 the drum being in rapid movement inside -t e stationary housing, a strong current of air is set up and the belt dries well duringits passage around the circumference of such drum. In the structure of Fig. 6, the material is delivered against the inner face of the rotating casin by feed means 74 and 75 as a clinging fiiyer. Material is worked downward in aspiral path over the inside of the drum by the scraper arms until it finally reaches the base, whence it is expelled centrifugally through orifice 76. In the course of its passage over the inner surface of the drum, it is subjected to repeated compression by rolls 73. may be given a motion sli htly faster or slightly slower than that o the drum; ac-

cording to the angle at which the scraper blades are" set. Liquid expressed by the pressure of rolls 7 3 escapes radially outward through the foraminous lining of the baske e In the operation of the structure of Figs. 9 and 10, material to be expressed is fed inward by conveyer 91 and thrown'centr fugall against the inner surface of the 1mper orate drum 82 at its widest point, formmg a deposit which is moved forward in a s iral path over the inner surface of the um toward and through the narrow end as a clinging layer, positioned by centrifugal force. During its progress it is exposed to repeated compressions by loosely mounted presser rolls 89.- Expressed liquid tends to move backward by centrifugal action toward the wider end of the coned drum The rolls and scrapers cannot be economicall whence it escapes through 93 into collecting housing 94. The scrapers extend beyon the spider arms into the narrow and the wide end of the drum, in a manner similar to that shown in the structure of Fig. '6 where the drum is not coned, and work the material steadily forward toward such wide end. There the expressed solids escape centrifugally through orifice 95'into collectingv housing 96. v

The operation of the structure of F i 11 is the same as that of the structure of Figs 1 and 2. But the presser belt'being given its reverse are around the outside of the ro tary drum 7 is exposed to the drying action of the current of air always sweeping between the drum and the stationary housing while an increased cleansing of the belt surface is also secured.

The perforated presser rolls of Fig. 12 may be used in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention. In the type of press using a traveling presser belt, this belt may be non-foraminous or practically so, as in the case of a heavy canvas, leather or rubber belt and expressed liquid will escape inwardly into the interior of the presser r0 1, escaping thence through orifices 97. As

liquid Wlll only occur on the inner face of the hollow roll which happens to be radially outward, but one of these orifices will function at a time. The perforated presser roll may also be used in the structure of Figs. 9 and 10, or in the structure of Figs. 6 and 7. When used in the latter, the basket or drum need 'not be foraminous.

As the end walls of the rotary drum of the structure of Figs. 1,2, 3,4, 9, 10'and 11 serve mainly for mounting the journals of the presser rolls, they ma be replaced b appropriate spider arms. Vhere a circu ation of air in the interior of the rotor is desirable this may be advantageous.

The described process and apparatus may be advantageously employed in extracting oils from seeds, such as cotton seed, from fish, slaughterhouse scrap), etc., and from many other materials. ifi'uslon bagasse from sugar cane and the like may also be so handled. Difi'usion bagasse from sugar cane occurs in short, waterlogged pieces which pressed free of contained water sufficient y to allow its employment as fuel, by the present methods.

Either the pin and crank mounting of the roll in Figs. 1 and 13 or the set screw mounting of Fig. 3 may be fixedly adjusted so as to give a predetermined pressure inde endent of rotation, but there is ordinari advantage in this. It is betters touse the adjustable pressure due to rotation in addi-' tion to, or to the exclusion of, such mechanical pressure. Spring mountings, special pressure means and the like are not ordinarily desirable. 4

yno

. What I claim is:-

1. The process of extraction which comprises forming and positioning a la er of material by centrifugal action and w iile so positioned, exposing said layer to compres-' sion by a presser ,member. I I 2. The process of extraction which comprises forming and positioning a layer of material upon a presser member by centrifugal action and while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by another resser member, one of said members being oraminous.

3. The process of extraction which comprises forming and positioning a layer of material u on a foraminous presser member by centri ugal action and while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by another presser member. 7 i

4:. The process of extraction which comprises forming and positioning a layer of material by centrifugal action and while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by a presser member, the preure exerted by said presser member being aided byv centrifugal action. Q 7

5. The process of extraction which comprises forming and positionin a layer of 'material upon a presser mem er by centirfugal action and while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by another presser member, the pressure exerted by'said presser member being aided by centrifugal action.

6. The process of extraction which comprisesforming and positioning alayer of material upon a resser member by centrifugal action an while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by another presser member, the pressure exerted by said presser member being aided by centrifugal action, one of said members being foraminous.

7. The process of extraction which com-v prises forming and positioning a layer of material uglon a foraminous presser member by centri gal action and while so positioned, exposing said layer to compression by another resser member, the pressure ex- I50 erted by sai presserjmember being aided by centrifugal action. q

8. The process of extraction which comprises forming 'a centri-fugally clinging layer of materlal upbn an inner face of a presser member having a movement around an included axis, com ressing' said layer while so clinging an transferring the pressed material to a'nouter face of said pre$er member for centrifugal extrication.

9. The process of extraction which comprises for a centrifugally clinging layer of material u 11 an inner face of a presser member having a movement around an included axis, compressing said layer while so clinging and removing the pressed ,sure being removed 0 the means for feeding material material from said presser member by cen- I trifugal force.

10. The process of extraction which comprises forming a: centrifugally clin ing layer of material upon an inner face 0 a. presser member hav' a movement-around an included axis, w ile so clinging compressing the material a'plurality 0 times, the pressure being removed between compressions and removingethe ressed material from the presser mem r a ter the final compression.

11. The rocess of extraction which comprises forming a centrifugallyclinging layer of material upon an inner face of a presser member having a movement around an included a'xis, while so clin ing compressing the material a plurality 0 times, the presbetween compressions in such a manner as to break up the cake formed in com ression and removing pressed material om the presser member after the final compression.

12. The process of extraction which comprises formi a centrifugally clinging layer of material u on an inner face of a presser member having a movement around an included axis, while so clingi compressing the material a plurality 0 times, the pressure being removed between {compre'ssions in such a manner as to break up the cake formed in compresslon and centrifugally removing the pressed material from presser. member after the final compression. 13. Ina press, means for forming a centrifugallg clinging layer of material to be expresse means for exerting mechanical pressure upon such layer while so held and means for separately removing expressed liquid and sol-ids.

14. A pressing apparatus comprising a r0- ta'table presser member having an interior face adapted for the centrifugal clinging of a layer of material thereto, means for feeding material thereto, means for re. idly rotating such presser member to pro uce such clinging layer and contained independent resser means for compressing said layer while clinging to said face and travelmg therewith.

:15. A press comprising a p movable, coacting pressing members, and

to be pressed between tl m.

- 16. Afrotary press comprising of r rollsand a presser be t sai rolls, said system being mountedfor orbital revolution about an included axis.

17. A press oomprising a pressing memher having an interior presser face adapted for reception of material to be pressed, means for rapidly rotating saidmember to roduce centri action wtherein, means for feeding fl material to such face, means forqemoving expressed solid ma a system air of orbitally engaging.-

member having an interior face adapt clinging to said face, at

terial and means, for removing expressed li uid therefrom and a: presser member ad a ted toengage the centrifugally clinging ayer on such face. I

18. A press comprising a rotary member having an interior presser face, an orbitally movable interiorresser member 'coa'cting with said presser ace and means for feeding material therebetween.

19. A rotary ress comprising a system of rollsmounted or orbital revolution about an included axis, a belt looped over the rolls and hav' an inner presser face, a rtion of said lie fit prior to engagement w1th the first roll in series being nearer the axis than the place of engagement of said belt and roll, means for producing such orbital revolution, means for causing the belt to travel about said rolls and means for feeding material to be expressed upon the inner face of such portion of the belt.

20. A presserrolls, an engaging presser belt extending around said rolls and havin a portion extending more or less outward y as re.- gards the center of the system to convergence with thefirst roll in series, means for the system of belt and rolls about rotatin an inc uded axis, means for producing a' traveling motion of the belt and means forfeeding surfacegence. e 21. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of means for centrifugally positioning a traveling layer of material to be exressed, and means for submitting such ayer to 22. In a pressing apparatus, the combination of a'presser member rotatable about an included axis, means for feedin ,materiaLto expressed to an interior face of said presser member and means for pressing the material upon such interior face, said pressmg means being also rotatable about said axis.

23. A pressing a material to be expressed upon the of the belt prior to such converpparatus, comprisiug n a to serve as a presser face, means for rotating said member about an includedaxis means for feeding material against said face as a layer and means for compressing material said compressing means bemg revoluble about the same axis.

24. A pressing apparatus, com risin a member having an lnterior face a apteif to serve as a presser face said member about an included axis, means for feeding material against said face as a la er and one or more independently rotata le presserrolls revoluble about said axis and engaging the layer of material, clinging to and positioned u n saidiface.

25. A A p0 member pressing apparatus com risin a having aninterior face a apte to I and to and positioned upon -said face, said rollsrotary press comprising a series of pressure during its period of travel.

means for rotating serve as a presser face, means for rotating said member about an included axis, means for feeding material against said face as a laver and one or more independently rotatable presser rolls revoluble about said axis engaging the layer of material clinging being radially movable.

26. A pressing apparatus, com rising a member having an interior face a apted to serve as a presser face, means for rotating said member about an included axis, meansfor feeding material against said face as a layer and one or more independentl ropresser elements being foraminous and said compressing means ,being revoluble about said axis.

27. A pressing apparatus, comprising a member having an interior face adapted to serve as a presser face, means for rotating said member about an included axis, means for feeding material against said face as a layer and one or more independently rotata le presser rolls revoluble about said axis and engaging the layer of material clin ing to and positioned upon said face, one o the engaging presser elements being foraminous.

28. A pressing apparatus, com rising a member having an interior face a apted to serve as a presser face, means for rotating said member about an included axis, means for feeding material against said face as a layer and one or more independently rotatable presser rolls revoluble about said axis and engaging the layer of material clinging to and'positioned upon said face, said rolls being radially movable, and one of the engaging presser elements being foraminous.

29. A ressing apparatus, comprising a system 0 engaging presser members rovoluble about a common axis, one of said members having an inner presser face and another resser member located :axially inward rom the first presser member and adapted to engage said presser face, and

means for delivering material to be pressed on said presser face.

30. A fpressing apparatus, comprising a system 0 engaging presser members revoluble about a common axis, one of said members having an inner resser face and another resser member being located axially inwar from the first presser member and adapted to engage said presser face, means for causing a circumferential movement of one of. the engaging presser members relative to the other and means for delivering material to be pressed on said presser face.

31. A ressing apparatus, comprising a system 0 engaging presser members revoluble about a common axis, one of said members having an inner presser face and another resser member located axially inward rom the first resser member and adapted to engage sai presser face, one of said ward upon said inner face,

to be pressed on said presser face.

ble about a common axis, one vof said members having an inner presser face and an other resser member located axially inom the first resser member and adapted to engage sai presser face,one of said engaging presser/members. be' foraminous,means for causing acircum erential movement of one of the engaging presser members relative to the other and means for delivering material to be pressed on said presser face. 7

3B. A rotatable press'com ris' less belt having an inner serve as a presser face, means for giving said belt an inde means for deliverlng material to be an enda presser'mem gaging the material upon said inner face, means for rotating the press as a whole and means for removing expressed material from the res;

said belt an independent traveling motion,

means for rotatingthe press as a whole and means for removing expressed material from the press.

35. A rotatable press com risin an endless belt h'aving an inner ace a apted to serve as'a presser face, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, a series of presser rolls located to enga e said .inner face, means for feeding materia to be pressed upon said inner face, means for rotating the press as a whole and means for removing expressed material from the press. a 36. A rotatable press com risin an endless belt having an inner ace a apted to serve "as a presser face, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, a series of presser rolls located to engage said inner face, one or more of said rollsbei circumferentially grooved means for fee ing material to be pressed upon said inner face and means for removing expressed material from the ress.

37. A rotatab e press com risin an endless belt having aninner ace a apted to serve as a presser face, means for said belt an independent traveling motion, a series of presser rolls located to engage said inner face, one or more idler rolls located to enga e the opposite face of said belt and 've t e same a reversetend means ;;u resser members being f0 raminous, and m eans for deliveringmaterial:

': 1.38. A rotatable press com risin an end- 32. A pressing apparatus, comprising a less belt having an inner system of engaging presser members revolu said inner ce'a apted to dent traveling motion, ti r enp 34. A rotatable press com risin an end- 3 less belt having an inner ace a apted to serve as a presser face, means for giving means for delivering'said material to be pressed upon said inner face, one of said engaging presser members being forami'nous,

for feeding material to be pressed upon v said inner face and means for removing ex pressed material from the pres.

ee a apted to serve as a presser face, means for giv ng said belt an independent traveling motion,

a series of tpresser rolls located to enga ace being 'circumfeientially grooved, one

one or more of said s,

more idler rolls located to engage the op "we the same a ing material to said inner face and means posits face of said belt and reverse bend, means for f v be presed upon for removing expressed material from the P 39. A pm comprising a plurality ofcompressing rolls and a have resser belt en ging the same, plurality-o idler rolls a apted to give said belt a bend between filid compressing re for feeding material to said belt an means for removing compressed material therean or from. p

40. A press comprising a compressing rolls and a trav ing resser belt engaging the same, said belt avi an outermost ayer of strong fabric materia and an innermost la' r of close-textured filter fabric next sai rolls, a plurality of idler rolls adapted to give sai verse bend between said compressing rolls, means forfeeding' material to said belt and means for removing compressed material therefrom.

I 41. In a belt press, a belt-"comprising an outermost layer of strong fabric material and an innermost layer of close-textured filter fabric, 'a plurality of compressin rolls engaging said innermost layer and a apted to curve-the belt correspondingly and a plurality of idler rolls between said presser rolls and adapted to give saidbelt an in-' verse bend.

belt a're- 42. In a belt press, a belt comprising a fabric perforated outermost layer of strong 0 closematerial and an innermost layer -textured filter fabric, a plurality of compressing rolls engaging sald u'mermostllayer andadapted to curve the belt corres 0ndingly and a plurality of idler rolls beween sald presser rolls and adapted to give said belt an inverse bend.

43. In a belt press, a belt comprising a perforated outermost layer of strong fabric close material and "an innermost; layer textured filter fabric, a plurality of circumferentiall grooved compressing rolls engaging sai innermost layer and adapted to curve the belt correspondingly and a plurallt-y' of idler rolls between said presser rolls and adapted to give said belt an inverse bend. Y

44. In a belt press, a belt comprising an outermost layer of strong fabric material filter fabric, a plurality of circumferentially grooved compressing rolls engaging said in- .nermost layer and adapted to curve the belt fcorrespondingly and a plurality of idler rolls between said presser rolls and adapted to give said belt an inverse bend.

45. A press comprising an endless belt disposed in two concentric 100 s 'with the ends of said loops approximate and a lurality of presser rolls, one loop of said elt passlng over said rolls and engaging therewith on its inner face "and the other loop encircling the first named loop, means for rotating the assemblage of loops and rolls about an included axls, means for giving the belt an independent traveling motion, and means for feeding material to be expressed to said inner face.

46. A ress comprising an endless belt dis osed in two concentrlc loops with the en s of said loops approximated, and a plu rality of presser rolls, one loop of said belt passing over said rolls and'engaging therewith on its innerface and the other loop encircling the first named loop, a plurality of idler rolls disposed between said presser rolls and ada ted to give a reverse bend to the belt in said first named loop, means for rotating the assemblage of loops and rolls about an included axis, means for giving the belt an independent traveling motion, and

means for feeding material to be expressed to said inner face.

47. A press comprising an endless belt dis osed in two concentric loops with the en s of saidv loops approximated, said belt comprising an outermost layer of strong fabric material and an innermost layer of close-textured filter fabric, and a plurality of presser rolls, one loop of said belt passing over said rolls and engaging therewith on its inner face and the other loop encircling the first named loop, a plurality of idler rolls disposed between said presser rolls and adapted to give a reverse bend to the belt in said first named loop, means for rotating the assemblage of loops and rolls about an included axis, means for giving the belt an independent traveling motion, and means for feeding material to be expressed to said inner face. I

48. In a belt press, a double belt having on one side a layer of flat-faced belting material of high tensile strength, said layer being perforated, and on the other a layer of filter fabric material.

49. In a press, an endless belt looped to form a double arc, means for revolving said double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion and means for feeding material against the inner face of the inner are.

50. In a press, an endless belt looped to arc, means for revolving said form a 'double a independent travelin' double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, and a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner face of the inner arc.-

In a press, an endless belt looped to form a double are, means for revolving said double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, and a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner face of the inner are, one or more of said rolls being mounted to permit radial movement.

52. In a press, an endless belt looped to form a double arc, means for revolving said double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, and a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner face of the inner are, one or more of said rolls being circumferentially grooved. 85

53. In a press, an endless belt looped to form a double arc, means for revolvingsaid double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner side of the inner arc and one or more idler rolls engaging the outer sidle of the inner arc betweensaid presser rol s. l

54. In a press, an endless belt looped to form a double are, means for revolving said double arc about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner side of the inner are, one 100 or more of said rolls being circumferentially grooved and one or'more being free to move radially, and one or more idler rolls engaging the outer side .of the inner are between said presser rolls.

55. In a press, a compound endless belt looped to form a double arc, said belt comprising a perforated layer of strong belting matenal and a layer of filter fabr c, means r for revolving said double are about an in- 110 eluded axis, means for giving said belt an inde endent traveling motion and means for Feeding material against the inner face of the inner arc.

56. In a press, a compound endless belt 115 looped to form a double arc, said belt comprising a perforated layer of strong belting for revolving said double arcj about an included axis, means for giving said belt an motion, and a plurality of presser rol s engaging the inner face of the inner are.

-57. In a press, a compound endless belt looped to forma double are, said belt comprising a perforated layer of strong belting .125 material and a la er of filter fabric, means for revolving said double are about: an in cluded axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, and a plurality of presser re] s engaging the inner prising a face of the inner arc, one or more of said rolls being circumferentially grooved.

58. In a press, a compound endless belt looped to form' a double arc, said belt comperforated layer of strong belting material and a layer of filter fabric, means for revolving said double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent traveling motion, a plurality prising material and a layer of filter fabric, means of presser rolls engaging the inner side of the inner arc and one or more idler rolls engaging the outer side qfthe inner are between said presser rolls;

59; In a press, a compound endless belt looped to form a double arc, said belt comaperforated layer of strong belting for revolving said double are about an included axis, means for giving said belt an independent travelingvmotion, a plurality of presser rolls engaging the inner side of the inner are, one or more of said rolls be-.

ing ciroumfercntially grooved and one or more being free to move radially, and one or more idler rolls engaging the outer side of the inner arc between said presser rolls.

60. In a rotary-press, a rotor comprising a drum provided with peripheral means for r the discharge of expressed solids and liquids, rotary pressing means mounted therein and means for giving independent rota movement to said drum and said pressing means.

61. In a rotary press, a rotor comprising adrum provided with peripheral means for the discharge of expressed solids and liquids, a presser roll mounted therein, a

presser belt engaging said roll, means for looping said belt around said roll and means for giving independent rotary motion to said drum and said roll.

62. In a rota press, a rotor comprising a drum provide with peripheral means for the discharge of expressed solids and liquids, a plurality ofpresser rolls mounted therein, a presser belt en 'ng said rolls, means for looping said around said rolls and means for giving independent rotary motion to said drum and said rolls.

63. In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a drum provided with peripheral means for the discharge of expressed solids and liquids, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, a presser engagin said rolls,'an idler roll engaging said be t between the presser rolls and adapted to give said belt a reverse bend and means for giving independent rotary motion to said drum and said ro1ls.

64. In a rotary press, a rotorcomprisinga drum having a eral opening for the discharge of exp solids, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, a pre$er belt 00 around the prewar rolls to give a den le am, one end of said area being in ooing material belt looped around and havin operative position with regard to said peripheral means for the discharge of solids, idlers cooperatin with said presser .rolls to maintamthe It in arcuate form, and means for giving independent rotary motion to said drum and said rolls.

65. In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a drum having a peripheral openingfor the discharge of expressed solids, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, a presser belt looped around the presser rolls to give a double are, one end of said arcs being in cooperative position. with regard to said peripheral means for the discharge of solids, id ers cooperating with said presser rolls to maintain the belt in arcuate form, one or more of said idlers being adapted to give the belt a reverse bend between said presser rolls; and means for 'ving independent rotary motion to saidwfr um and saidrolls.

66. In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a drum having a peripheral opening for the discharge of expressed solids, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, a presserbelt comprising a perforated layer of heavy belting material and a layer of press-cloth material looped around the presser rolls to give a double arc, the second layerforming the inner face of the inner arc and engaging they face of the presser rolls and forming the outer face of the outer are, one end of said arcs being in cooperative position with regard to said peripheral means for the discharge of solids, idlers cooperating with said presser rolls to maintain the belt in arcuate form, and means for giving inde pendent rotary motion to said drum and said rolls.

67; In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a drum having a peripheral opening for the discharge of expressed solids, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, a presser belt comprising a perforated layer of heavy beltand a layer of press-cloth ma-- terial looped around the presser rolls to give a double arc, the second layer forming the inner face of the inner arc and engaging .gard to said peripheral means for the discharge of s ids, idlers cooperating with said presser rolls to maintain the belt in arcuate form, one or more of said idlers being adapted to give the belt a reverse bend between said presser rolls, and means for giving independent rotary motion to said drum and said rolls.

68. In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a rotary drum having peripheral openings for the discharge of expressed sol ds and liquids, contained rotary pressing means a discharge int for solids "in co- 0 erative position with said peripheral dis- 0 arge openings for solids, means for imsolids and means carried by openings for solids a rotor comprising drum having peripheral openings discharge of expressed solids and contained rotary pressing means sweeping said space.

70. In a rotary press, the combination of a rotary drum having peripheral discharge and liquids, collecting casings surrounding said drum for receivin solids and liquids, a plurality of presser ro ls revolubly mounted within said drum, :1 presser belt looped around said rolls and so locatedand arranged as to discharge expressed solids through said peripheral discharge openings for solids, means for rotating the drum and means driven thereby for imparting an independent'rotation to the rol s.

71. In a rotary press, the combination of a rotary drum having peripheral discharge openings for solids and liquids, collect ng casings surrounding said drum for receiving solids and liquids, a plurality of presser rolls revolubly mounted within said drum, :1 presser belt looped around said rolls and so located and arranged as to discharge expressed solids through said peripheral discharge openings for solids, a hollow driven shaft for rotating said drum, and a concentric solid shaft receiving power from the solid shaftand having a drive connection with one of said presser rolls.

72. In a rotary press, the combination of a rotary drum having peripheral discharge openings for solids and liquids, collecting casings surroundin said drum for receiving solids and li ui s, a plurality of presser rolls mounted within sald drum, a presser belt looped around said rolls and so located and arranged as to discharge expressed solids through said peripheral discharge openings for solids, a hollow driven shaft for rotating said drum, a solid shaft contained within the hollow shaft and having a drive connect-ion with'one of the presser rolls, and intermediate means transmitting power from the hollow to the solid shaft.

In a rotary press, a rotor comprising a drum, a plurality of presser rolls mounted therein, one of sad rolls being mounted to Egrmit a limited radial movement, a presser 1t looped 7 around and engaging said discharge point for solids in c0- a stationary resser rolls and means for imparting diftating said drum, a solid shaft contained within the hollow shaft and having a driveconnection with one of the presser rolls, intermediate means transmitting power from the ,hollow to the solid shaft, a screw feed supplying material to the interior face of the presser belt at a point near its engagement with a presser roll and intermediate power-transmitting connections between the solid shaft and the screw feed.

75. In a press, a plurality of presser rolls, a presser belt looped around and engaging sald rolls, means for giving the assemblage a rotary motion about an included axis,

means for feeding material to be expressed against the inner surface of said belt before its engagement with the first of said presser rolls, means for supplying a fluid to the expanding material upon the belt immediately .behind said roll and means for'removing v expressed material from the belt behind the last of said presser rolls. 7 6. In a rotary press, a rotor,a plurality of presser rolls and a presser belt mounted therein, means for giving independent. rotation to the rotor and the rolls, and a crank mounting for one-of said rolls in said rotor, said crank mounting being adjustable to permit a limited radial movement of the roll so mounted.

77. In a rotary press, a rotor, a plurality of presser rolls and a presser belt mounted therein, means for giving independent rotation to the rotor and the rolls, and a crank mounting for one of said rolls in said rotor, said crank mounting comprising a lever arm carrying a slotted member, a fixed pin engaging the slot and aset screw forxlimiting the movement of the slotted member upon said'pin. a v

78. The process of ex ression which comprises-placing a layeri orm body of material to be expressed in rapid orbital motion around an included axis and also giving said body an independent motion relative to its original position and subjecting such material to pressure and release of pressure in the course of said motions.

79. The process of e prises placing a layeri orm bod rial to be expressed in rapid orbital revolution around an included axis and also givression which comof matev within said drum, a presser sea-cs1 tion, and .during such traveling motion alternately compressing and decompressing.

' said body. a plurality of times -'80. The process of expression which compgises centrifugally depositing a layeriform dy of material upon a carrier rapidly re- 1 volving about an included axis, and subjecty ing such materialto aipluralit'y of succestioned on said carrier.

sive compressions while centrifugally posi- 81. The process of expression which comrises centrifugally depositing a layeriform ody of material upon a carrier rapidly revolving about an included axis, giving such body afurther inde endenttraveling mo-. traveling motion al-' t-ion, and during suc ternately compressing and decompressing said body a plur'alit of times;

82. The process of expression which comprises centrifugally spreadin a layer of material over a surface rapi ly revolving about a central axis, and subjecting sue layer to intermittent compression.

83. The process of expression which comprises continuouslfyl'l' spreading a layer of ga rapidlyrevolvin abouta central axis, and

solids the material by centri force over a surface jecting such ayer to intermittent compression.

84. In the artof expressing liquids from" solids the'proces'svifliic comprises centrifugally distributing a-layer of liquid-containmg materiallover a surface having a rapid motion of rotation about an included axis,

and an independent motion of translation,

and intermittentlycompressing such layer upon the surface so moving. V

85. In the art of ex ressing liquids from solids the rocess whic com rises centrifugally distributing a layer of 'quid containmg material over a surface having a rapid motion of rotation about an included axis,

and an ,independent motion of translation, intermittently compressin such layer upon the surface so moving, an centrifugally removing from said surface the expressed solidsand the liquid.

86. In the art of e ressing liquids from solids the rocess whi comgi'ises centrifugally distributing a layer of 'quid-containmg material over a ace having a rapid motion of rotation about an included axis, and an independent motion of translation, and compressing such layer upon the surfacesomoving.

87. In the art of ex l qu ds from rocess whi comprisescentnfu y distributing a layer of liquid-containmg material over a surface having a rapid motion of rotation about an included axis, and an independent motion of'translation,

com ressing such la er u nthe surfaceso moving, and centnlhigaliy remo from said surface theexp sohds and quids.

prises continuously fee mga layer of material by centrifugal force against a surface I -88. The p prises supplying granular material to be expressed to form a constantly renewedand removed layeriform body in rapid orbital said body also anindependent movement from the point of feed to the point of discharge, and during such movement mechani cally compressing the body.

91. The process of expression which comprises continuously feeding granular mate; rial to be expressed against the inner pe-' riphery of apresser element in rapid orbital movement and continuously removing expressed material therefrom.and subjecting said material to a tem rary compression during the time it remains against said periphel'y. 92. A pressing ap aratus 'com rising .a flexible presser member, a secon resser member ada ted to contact therewit presser'jm'em xars being mounted in such a manner as to be revoluble about a common axis, means forre'volving said presser members, means for imparting independent traveling motion to said flexible member, and means for feeding material upon said flexible member.

93. A pressing apparatus comprising a presser member mounted to revolve ra ldly about an included axis, means for revo vin said presser member, means for giving sai presser ,member independent traveling motion, means for centrifugally distributing material upon said resser member, means for com ressing said material thereon, and means i or removing. expressed material therefrom.

94. A pressing apparatus comprising a presser member mounted to revolve ra idly about an included axis, means for revo vin said presser member, means for giving sai tion, means for continuously distributing material upon said presser member, means for material thereon and Regains for removing exp material there- In. I e 95. The process of expression which comprises centnfugally t iniglglra relatively clinging layer of gran material upon the inner periphery movement about an included axis and giving presser member independent traveling moof ex ression which com 7 having a rapidmotion ofrotation and a 7 90. The process of expression which.com-' I ,both

roducing and main-.

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