US993125A - Kessler apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid. - Google Patents

Kessler apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid. Download PDF

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Publication number
US993125A
US993125A US50756409A US1909507564A US993125A US 993125 A US993125 A US 993125A US 50756409 A US50756409 A US 50756409A US 1909507564 A US1909507564 A US 1909507564A US 993125 A US993125 A US 993125A
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acid
gases
sulfuric acid
saturator
kessler
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US50756409A
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Jules Teisset
Jules Prat
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2331—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/19—Acid

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to improvements in the construct-ion of .Kesslers apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid.
  • It relates, further, to its combination with an external ventilator, for obtaining a better draft, and thereby increasing the yield in sulfuric acid.
  • the saturator In Kesslers apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid by the insufflation of hot gases, the saturator consists of 2 or conduits, of 11 to 15 cm. in Width, running lengthwise of the saturator. These conduits are made of pumice, and are called gas conduits. The hot gases coming from the gas generator circulate in these conduits and raise the pumice partitions to a very high temperature. The hot gases, drawn by the blower, pass down under the pumice partitions and enter 4 conduits 7 mm. in width (parallel with the first conduits) and pass out under the plates.
  • the present invention remedies various defects in the Kessler apparatus,and'modi fies the saturator by placing a plurality of bafiles made of acid resisting or refractory material transversely to the current of the gas, instead of in the direction of the current.
  • the covers of the baflles are made in several pieces, and when the first batlle is worn out, it can be replaced by a new one without disturbing the others.
  • this arrangement of the batlies has the further advantage that it'foi-ms between two baflles a closed chamber, in which the acid becomeseraised to a high temperature by the current of gas and is atomized, thereby increasing the rate of concentration and the transfer of the steam from the acid to the gas.
  • Another advantage of the new construction is that the number of cleaning plugs is reduced from seven to four and this is important, as the closing of these plugs is a somewhat delicate operation. Moreover, if the joint be very strong, the plugs can only be removed with great dilllculty. Sometimes they must be broken and often the head or tail stone of the saturator is injured.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the apparatus taken on the line f, g, of Fig. 2.
  • Fig.2 is a section of the same taken on the line is, Z, m, n of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 a horizontal section thereof taken on the line a b c d of Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the ventilator or aspirator for exhausting the hot gases at the top of the apparatus.
  • the concentrating pan is the same as that of the Kessler apparatus, but the pumice is replaced by transverse bullies 1, 2, 3, 4, made of acid resisting material, and resting, at each end in the walls of the pan, and supported also at intervals by three blocks 8, 'of resistant material. On these bullies-rests the inlet gas flue 9, as well as the covers 5, 6 made of resistant material, but in two pieces, to facilitate cleaning.
  • a plate 7 of acid resisting material extends from the baffle 3 to the baflle 4.
  • the lead surrounding the saturator is not soldered above the covers 5, 6, but is retained by several angle iron frames, 17, and bolts, so as to form a tight joint.
  • the concentrating column is situated at the end of this latter.
  • the hot gases cannot now pass into the concentrating column, without having traversed the series of chainbers 11, 12, 13, 14 formed by the successive battles 1, 2, 3, 4, which compel the gases to bubble through the acid, which tends to flow more and more concentrated through the outlet 25 situated at the opposite end of the saturator from the concentrating column.
  • the acid having reached the highest point of concentration is subjected to thedirect action of the current of hot gases coming through the pipe 9, and these gases are at this point at their highest temperature. It will be easily seen that this is the best arrangement and is the most advantageous for increasing the concentration and transferring the steam from the acid to the gases.
  • the operation is as follows :-The acid to be treated enters the concentrating column through an opening 27 and passes over the plates to the saturator.
  • the gas coming from the gas generator through the flue pass into the first chamoer 11, ,whence they pass under'the baflie 1 into the chamber 12.
  • the hot gases raise the temperature of the bafiies with which they come in contact, and they carry away with from the acid water in the form of steam.
  • the gases pass in succession, under the battles 2, 3 and 4, into the chambers 18, 14, 15, and in each of them concentration is effected, though with less energy than in chamber 12, since the gases have become cooler and more highly charged with water apor.
  • the acid which is fed in over these plates receives the heat of.the gases rising to the plates, andfrom here it passes to the outlet 25, in the meantime traversing the chambers in succession and becoming gradually concentrated.
  • the gases are sucked by the blower, seen in Fig. 4: up through the plates of the concentrating column, out of the opening 26, whence they pass to the gas generator, to be again admitted through the flue 9.
  • the improvements herein set forth-offer the following advantages: Under the action of the exhaust ventilator, the gases easily enter the saturator, the construction of this latter obviating any danger of obstruction, the cleaning of the outlet, pipe being easy, without having to fear the destruction of the pumice partitions facing it; the bubbling and the atomization of the acid are efiected in comparatively very wide chambers; the concentration is gradual, whence result economy in fuel and ease of obtaining the prising a saturator provided with baffles having their bottoms on the level with acid in the concentrator, and running transversely across the sat-urator, to cause the gases to bubble under said balfies and in contact with the acid; a concentrating 001- umn located at the end of the saturator op- I posite to the inlet flue; and an aspirator attached to the top of the concentrating column, and arranged to draw the hot gases from the gas generator, through the saturator and concentrating column.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Description

J. TEISSET & J PRAT. K'BSSLER APPARATUS FOR GONGENTRATING sULFUnm ACID.
APPLICATION FILED JULY 14 1009. 1' $93,125:, Patented May 2 1911.
2 SIIBIZTWSHEET 1.
iN To R JULLST \SSET a d,
dbU|, ."5 P 1- A't LOTlLk-ij x I X TMgiBSES- 1M 1/ LJ #614. u
J. TEISSET & J. PHAT.
KBS$LER APPARATUS FOR CONGENTRATING SULFURIU ACID.
APPLICATION FILED JULY 1-1, 1909.
99 3, 1 Patented May 23, 1911.
2 SHEETS- SHEET 2.
i '6 I L/ 22 )NVENTDRS, WITNELSIZSESR JULESTEI SSET and J0 LES PRA'Y",
JULES TEISSET AND JULES PRA'I', OF PARIS, FRANCE.
KESSLER APPARATUS FOR CONCENTR-ATING- SULFURIC ACID.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented May 23, 1911.
Application filed July 14, 1909. Serial No. 507,564.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, JULus Tcrssn'r and JULES Parr, citizens of France, residing at Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Kesslers Apparatus for the Concentration of Sulfuric Acid, (for which We have obtained a patent in France, No. 398,218, bearing date December 31, 1908,) of which the following is a specification.
Our invention relates to improvements in the construct-ion of .Kesslers apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid.
It relates, further, to its combination with an external ventilator, for obtaining a better draft, and thereby increasing the yield in sulfuric acid.
' It relates also to a special construction of the saturator, or finalconcentrator, and its relation to the concentrating column, or preliminary concentrator, whereby gradual heating is applied to the saturator, which plays the principal part in the concentration of sulfuric acid. I
In Kesslers apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid by the insufflation of hot gases, the saturator consists of 2 or conduits, of 11 to 15 cm. in Width, running lengthwise of the saturator. These conduits are made of pumice, and are called gas conduits. The hot gases coming from the gas generator circulate in these conduits and raise the pumice partitions to a very high temperature. The hot gases, drawn by the blower, pass down under the pumice partitions and enter 4 conduits 7 mm. in width (parallel with the first conduits) and pass out under the plates.
The present invention remedies various defects in the Kessler apparatus,and'modi fies the saturator by placing a plurality of bafiles made of acid resisting or refractory material transversely to the current of the gas, instead of in the direction of the current. The covers of the baflles are made in several pieces, and when the first batlle is worn out, it can be replaced by a new one without disturbing the others. Moreover this arrangement of the batlies has the further advantage that it'foi-ms between two baflles a closed chamber, in which the acid becomeseraised to a high temperature by the current of gas and is atomized, thereby increasing the rate of concentration and the transfer of the steam from the acid to the gas.
Another advantage of the new construction is that the number of cleaning plugs is reduced from seven to four and this is important, as the closing of these plugs is a somewhat delicate operation. Moreover, if the joint be very strong, the plugs can only be removed with great dilllculty. Sometimes they must be broken and often the head or tail stone of the saturator is injured.
The drawings annexed to this description represent the modified apparatus according to the present invention.
In these drawingsz-Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the apparatus taken on the line f, g, of Fig. 2. Fig.2, is a section of the same taken on the line is, Z, m, n of Fig. 1. Fig. 3, a horizontal section thereof taken on the line a b c d of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of the ventilator or aspirator for exhausting the hot gases at the top of the apparatus.
The concentrating pan is the same as that of the Kessler apparatus, but the pumice is replaced by transverse bullies 1, 2, 3, 4, made of acid resisting material, and resting, at each end in the walls of the pan, and supported also at intervals by three blocks 8, 'of resistant material. On these bullies-rests the inlet gas flue 9, as well as the covers 5, 6 made of resistant material, but in two pieces, to facilitate cleaning. A plate 7 of acid resisting material, extends from the baffle 3 to the baflle 4. l
10 are the cleaning plugs, which may be located in one or the other face of the concentrator, and 25 is the outlet for the acid.
The lead surrounding the saturator is not soldered above the covers 5, 6, but is retained by several angle iron frames, 17, and bolts, so as to form a tight joint.
Instead of the former steam blower, the
mechanical draft apparatus, of the type de- .vised by Mr. Prat, carries the gases coming from the concentrator away from the head 16, by the jointed passage 19, in the direction of the arrow 18,,through a suitable plpe 26.
I11 this apparatus, the air tube 20, forming a continuation of the ventilator, terminates, at its upper end, in an annular orifice 21. The air flows through this, while the gases on which the air is to act, are led, at the same time, through the conical annular twyer 22, and through the central portion 23,110
which is in communication with the outside of the ventilator by means of a number of inclined passages 24 traversing the air conduit, or by a vertical passage traversing this same passage, according to the position of the ventilator.
To assure proper heating in the saturator, the concentrating column is situated at the end of this latter. The hot gases cannot now pass into the concentrating column, without having traversed the series of chainbers 11, 12, 13, 14 formed by the successive battles 1, 2, 3, 4, which compel the gases to bubble through the acid, which tends to flow more and more concentrated through the outlet 25 situated at the opposite end of the saturator from the concentrating column. In this region, the acid having reached the highest point of concentration, is subjected to thedirect action of the current of hot gases coming through the pipe 9, and these gases are at this point at their highest temperature. It will be easily seen that this is the best arrangement and is the most advantageous for increasing the concentration and transferring the steam from the acid to the gases.
The operation is as follows :-The acid to be treated enters the concentrating column through an opening 27 and passes over the plates to the saturator. The gas coming from the gas generator through the flue pass into the first chamoer 11, ,whence they pass under'the baflie 1 into the chamber 12.-
The hot gases raise the temperature of the bafiies with which they come in contact, and they carry away with from the acid water in the form of steam. The gases pass in succession, under the battles 2, 3 and 4, into the chambers 18, 14, 15, and in each of them concentration is effected, though with less energy than in chamber 12, since the gases have become cooler and more highly charged with water apor. Passing under-battle 4: the gases arrive in :chamber' 15, directly communicating with the plates of'the concentrating column. The acid which is fed in over these plates receives the heat of.the gases rising to the plates, andfrom here it passes to the outlet 25, in the meantime traversing the chambers in succession and becoming gradually concentrated. The gases are sucked by the blower, seen in Fig. 4: up through the plates of the concentrating column, out of the opening 26, whence they pass to the gas generator, to be again admitted through the flue 9.
The improvements herein set forth-offer the following advantages: Under the action of the exhaust ventilator, the gases easily enter the saturator, the construction of this latter obviating any danger of obstruction, the cleaning of the outlet, pipe being easy, without having to fear the destruction of the pumice partitions facing it; the bubbling and the atomization of the acid are efiected in comparatively very wide chambers; the concentration is gradual, whence result economy in fuel and ease of obtaining the prising a saturator provided with baffles having their bottoms on the level with acid in the concentrator, and running transversely across the sat-urator, to cause the gases to bubble under said balfies and in contact with the acid; a concentrating 001- umn located at the end of the saturator op- I posite to the inlet flue; and an aspirator attached to the top of the concentrating column, and arranged to draw the hot gases from the gas generator, through the saturator and concentrating column.
In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specyication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
JULES TEIssET. JU Es PHAT.
Witnesses:
' J ULES FAYOLLET, EUGEN PICI-IAN.
US50756409A 1909-07-14 1909-07-14 Kessler apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid. Expired - Lifetime US993125A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5799877A (en) * 1996-01-03 1998-09-01 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Fluid distribution across a particulate bed

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5799877A (en) * 1996-01-03 1998-09-01 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Fluid distribution across a particulate bed

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