US993042A - Nickel alloy for high resistances. - Google Patents

Description

- NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILIBUR B. DRIVER, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

I NICKEL ALLOY FOR HIGH RESISTANCES.

No Drawing.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 23,1911.

Application flied May 9, 1906. Serial No. 316,003.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILBUR B. DRIVER, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of EastOrange, State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Nickel Alloys for High Resistances, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to alloys intended especially for electrical resistances.

The object of the invention is to produce workable alloys" which will have high electrical resistances, with high melting-points,

and that will not deteriorate to any not-iceable extent upon exposure to the atmosphere. Various alloys have been known and used for electrical resistance, having more or less high electrical resistance, but as a rule the melting-points of these alloys are comparatively low, and many of them are not stable in their electrical properties and besides are liable to deteriorate from rust, etc.

Nickel is malleable, has a high meltingpoint, is practically non-corrosive, and is reasonably cheap. The alloys composed of nickel and manganese alone (disregarding any other substances that may be present as impurities) have quite a high electrical resistance, but one purpose of this invention is to increase the. resistance of such alloys still further. In eneral also, by increasing the percentage 0 manganese in the alloy,

the electrical resistance is increased; but

there is a limit to the percentage of manganese that may be employed, because too much manganese will render the alloy un- 'workable. On the other hand, any increase of the percentage of nickel is the same as decreasing the percentage of manganese, and

a specific resistance of about 36; if 10 parts of the nickel be displaced by 10 parts of copper, making an alloy of 80 parts nickel,-

For example, an alloy of 90 parts nickel and 10 parts manganese gives- 10 parts copper, and 10 parts manganese, a specific reslstance of about 53 is obtained; where 20 parts of nickel are displaced by the same amount of copper, the resulting composition consisting of 70 parts nickel, 20 parts copper, and 10 parts manganese,

has a' specific resistance of about 60. Again,

whereas a composition composed of 80 parts nickel and 20 parts manganese gives a specific resistance of about I have found that the substitution of 10 parts of nickel by the same amount of copper, producing the alloy parts nickel, 10 parts copper, and 20 parts manganese, gives a resistance of about and an alloy consisting of 60,

parts nickel, 20. parts copper, and 20 parts manganese, gives a resistance of about 90.

I am aware that alloys composed'mainly' of copper, with more or less manganese and a small amount of nickel, have been known and used. But these alloys are, from a physical standpoint, essentially copper alloys, that is, copper is the principal-ingredient. On the other hand, my alloys are composed essentially of nickel (and manganese) in which the nickel largely predominates, to which is added a comparatively small amount of copper (or its equivalent); my alloys are not in this sense copper alloys My present alloys difler further from these copper alloys in having a high meltingpoint and in producing conductors that are stable in their electrical properties.

The proportions above given are for the sake of illustration only, since the spirit of my invention consists, in the first place, in

employing a large part, say fifty per cent. 1

or over of nickel; in the second place, in employing at least two other ingredients in addition to this excess of nickel; in the third place, specifically, inhaving a substantial amount of manganese as one of the other two or more ingredients; and, finally, more specific still, in having a small but appreciable amount of copper (or an equivalent) as a third ingredient in addition to the manganese with the excess of nickel (and any other ingredients that may be'present, 1f

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. An alloy of nickel, manganese and copper, the content of nickel being not less than fifty per cent. by weight of the whole, said alloy being characterized by having a specific resistance greater than an alloy of the first-named ingredients.

2. An alloy consisting of nickel not less than fifty per cent, manganese from ten t6 thirty per cent., and. the remainder of copper, said alloy having the characteristics specified.

3. An alloy containing copper and manganese with fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel.

4. An alloy containing fifty per cent. 50%) or more of nickel, ten per cent. 10%) or more of manganese, and forty per cent. (40%) or less of copper.

5. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel with more than one other ingredient.

6. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel with more thanone other ingredient in substantial amounts.

7. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing copper and manganese with fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel.

8. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel, an appreciable amount of manganese, and a small but appreciable amount of copper, substantially as described.

9. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel, an appreciable amount of manganese, and at least one other ingredient.

10. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or over of nickel, about/from ten per cent. .to

' thirty per cent. 10%30%) of manganese,

and at least one other ingredient.

11. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) I. or over of nickel, about from ten per cent. to

thirty per cent. (10%30%) of manganese, and copper. v

12. An electrical resistance consistin of an alloy containing fifty per cent. or

a over of nickel, about from ten per cent. to

thirty percent. (10%30%) of manganese, and not more than forty per cent. (40%) of cppper:

13. An alloy containing sixty per cent. or more ofm ickel and manganese, with copper.

14. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing 70% or more of nickel,

with more than one other ingredient.

15. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing 80% or more of nickel, with" more than one other ingredient.

16. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing 60% or more of nickel, with more. than one other ingredient.

17. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing'60% or more of nickel,

with more than one other ingredient, in substantial amounts.

18. An electrical resistance consisting "of an alloy containing or more of nickel, with more than one other ingredient.

19. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing 70% or more of nickel, with more than one other ingredient, in substantial amounts.

20. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing 80% or more of nickel, with more than one other ingredient.

21. An electrical resistance consisting of of nickel, about 5 to 25 parts of manganese,

and about 5 to 20 parts of copper.

27. An alloy containing or more parts of nickel, about 5-to 15 parts of manganese,- and about 5 to 15 parts of co per. v 28. An alloy containing fi y per cent. (50%) or more of nickel, an appreciable amount of manganese, and at least one other ingredient.

29. An alloycontaining eighty per cent. (80%) or more of nickel, with more than one other ingredient in substantial amounts.

30. An alloy containing fifty per cent.

(50%) or more of nickel, an appreciable amount ofmanganese, and a small but appreciable amount of copper.

31. An alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or more of nickel, about from ten per cent. to thirty per cent; (10%-30%) of manganese, and at least one other ingredient.

32. An alloy containing fifty per cent. (50%) or more of nickel, about from ten per cent. to thirty per cent. (10%30%) of manganese, and copper.

. 33. An alloy containing sixty per cent.

(60%) or more of nickel, an appreciable amount of manganese, and at leastone other ingredient.

34*. An electrical resistance element consisting of anf'alloy containing sixty per cent. 7

(60%) or more of nickel, an appreciable amount of manganese, and at least one other ingredient.

35. An electrical resistance consisting'of an alloy containing sixty per cent. (60%) or more of nickel, with copper and manganese. 36. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing seventy per cent. (70%).

. ganese.

or'more of nickel, with copper and manparts of manganese, and about from five to 15 I I r v twenty parts of copper.

37. An electrical, resistance consisting of 40. An electrical resistance consisting of an alloy containing eighty per cent. (80%) an'alloy. containing eighty or more parts of or nore-of nickel,-with copper and mannickel,- ahout from five to fifteen parts of gane'se. manganese, and about from five to fifteen 20 38. An electrical resistance consisting of parts of copper.

an alloy containing sixty or more parts of In testimony whereof I have signed this nickel, about from ten to thirty parts of specification in the presence of two submanganese, and about from five to thirty" scribing witnesses.

parts of copper. WILBUR B. DRIVER.

39. An electrical resistance consisting of Witnesses: an .alloy containin seventy or more parts C. A. L. MASSIE,

of nickel, about rom five to twenty-five R. L. Sco'rr.