US991080A - System of electrical distribution. - Google Patents

Description

R. PALMER. V SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 30, 1909.

991,080. Patented May 2, 1911.

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TlNTTEU STATES PATENT RODERICK M. PALMER, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JAMES H. CARY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RODERICK M. PALMER, a citizen of the United States, residing in Cambridge, county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Systems of Electrical Distribution, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to a system of electrical distribution in which a current of relatively high voltage may be used with safety with translating devices operated by a current of relatively low voltage, and is an improvement upon the system shown and described in U. S. Patent No. 807 ,960 granted to me December 19, 1905.

The present invention has for its object to provide a system of the class described, in which waste of current upon the closed primary high voltage circuit is avoided, and further has for its object to render the system less sensitive and more reliable as will be described.

The invention also has for its object to provide against the high voltage current accidentally getting to the low voltage circuit.

These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

The drawing is a diagrammatic view of a system embodying this invention.

Referring to the drawing a, 5, represent the line wires of a circuit of relatively high voltage, such, for instance, as an incandescent lamp circuit having a current of 110 volts. The circuit of relatively low voltage is represented by the line wires 0, (Z, which include a translating device, hereinshown as a bell f, which is responsive to a current of low voltage, as, for instance, 10 volts, and a service switch 9, which is normally open.

The high voltage circuit a, Z), includes a plurality of resistances, hereinshown as four in number and marked 10, 12, 13, 14:, which are located on a board 15, which is designed to be located in the basement of the building or other structure in which the low voltage circuit 0, (Z is used. The board 15 is pro vided with terminals 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, with which the resistances are connected as represented in the drawing.

The high voltage circuit between the ter minals 19, 20, includes an electromagnet or Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 30, 1909.

Patented May 2, 1911.

Serial No. 525,449.

relay 25 having a winding of fine wire 26 and a winding of coarse wire 27 for a purpose as will be described. The fine winding 26 has its opposite ends connected by wires 28, 29, with the terminals 19, 20 respectively. The coarse winding 27 has its ends connected by wires 30, 31, with the terminal 21 and with a terminal 32 with which the wire (Z of the low voltage circuit is connected. It will thus be seen that both windings 26, 27, of the relay or electromagnet 25 are included in the high voltage circuit in series relation, which circuit may be traced as follows. By the outside line a to the terminal post 16, thence by the resistances 10, 12, 13 to terminal post 19, thence by wire 28, fine winding 26, wire 29, to terminal post 20, thence by resistance 14-, terminal post 21, wire 30, coarse winding 27, wire 31, terminal 32 and wire Z). The resistances thus included in the primary high voltage circuit reduce the amperage of the high voltage current, so that when the low voltage circuit is closed at the service switch} a current of low voltage and low amperage flows over the same, and by providing the relay 25 with the double winding of fine and coarse wire, and including both of these windings in the high voltage circuit, the amperage of the current flowing continuously through the primary circuit while the service switch 9 is open is reduced to a minimum, for instance, 1 1O of an ampere, and as a result waste of current is avoided. The current of low amperage, namely, 1/410 of an ampere is sufiicient to maintain the relay 25 energized so as to attract its armature 40 and thereby complete the low voltage circuit except at the service switch, but is not sufficient to operate the bell or other translating device in the low voltage circuit. The coarse winding 27 of the relay 25 serves to carry the heavy current of say for instance 10 amperes, which flows over the low voltage circuit when the service switch 9 is closed.

The circuit just described may be designated the initial low voltage circuit and includes a relay having a double winding comprising a winding 51 of fine wire, and a winding 52 of coarse wire, which are in series relation, one end of the fine wire winding 51 being connected by the wire 53 with the terminal post 18, and the other end of said winding being connected by wire 54 with one end of the coarse winding 52, the other end of which is connected by wire 55 to a terminal 56 with which cooperates the armature s 0 of the relay 25, said armature cooperating as shown in the drawing with a terminal 57, which is connected by the wire 58 with the terminal post 59 to which the wire 0 of the low voltage circuit is connected. The initial low voltage circuit may be traced as follows z-line wire a to terminal post 16, thence through the resist ances 10, 12, to terminal post 18, thence by wire 53, fine winding 51 of relay 50, wire 51, coarse winding 52 of said relay, wire 55, terminal 56, armature 41.0, terminal 57, wire 58, post 59, wire 0, switch g, bell f, wire (1, post 32, and wire Z). The relay 50 is thus energized and attracts its armature 60,which cooperates with the terminals 61, 62, the terminal 61 being connected by wire 63 with wire 54, and the terminal 62 being connected by wire 65 with post- 17, thereby establishing what may be termed the low voltage working circuit, which may be traced as follows:line wire a to post 16, resistance 10 to post 17, thence by wire 65, terminal 62, armature 60, terminal 61, wires 63, 54-, coarse winding 52, wire 55, terminal 56, armature 10, terminal 57, wire 58, post 59, wire 0, switch g, bell f, wire (Z, post 32 and line wire Z), The armature 60 in its attracted position also completes ashunt circuit through the coarse winding 27 ot' the relay 25, and for this purpose the armature 60 is joined by a flexible connection with a wire 71, which is connected with the wire 29. This shunt circuit may be traced as fol lows :line wire a, post 16, resistance 10, post 17, wire 65, terminal 62, armature 60, flexible connection 70, wires 71, 29, post 20, resistance 1 1-, post 21, wire 30, winding 27, wire 31, post 32 and line wire 6. The shunt circuit just described, short circuits the resistances 12 and 13, thereby controlling both the voltage and amperage to the rated or desired capacity of the apparatus, that is, the exclusion of the fine windings 51, 26 of the relays 50, 25, respectively, and the resistances 12, 13, increases the amperage of the current flowing over the low voltage working circuit while maintaining the volt-- age of the working current low, say, for instance, 1.0 volts. The danger of sparking between the armature 60 and its terminals 61, 62, when the armature drops away, is prevented by a condenser placed across the wires 65, 71.

From the above description, it will be seen that under normal conditions with the switch. 9 open, both the fine and coarse windings 26, 27 of the relay are in series with each other and with the main resistances on the board 15 and form part of the total re sistance of the primary or high voltage circuit, which arrangement serves as a safety device for the apparatus, for if any portion of this primary circuit should become inoperative from any cause, the armature 10 would drop and open the secondary or low voltage circuit. The fine winding 26 on the relay 25 enables the said relay to be energized with a current of very small amperage, as, for instance, 1/ 10 of an ampere. It will thus be seen that waste of current flowing through the apparatus with the service switch 9 open, is reduced to a minimum, and the cost of using the high voltage current for operating bells or other translating devices in the low voltage circuit is reduced by this arrangement.

The fine winding 51 on the relay 50 enables the armature 60 to have a wide range of movement, as the fine winding can be given any desired number 017' turns around the cores of the relay to cause the pull of the relay to be increased to such extent as to respond to a weak current, that is, a current of relatively low voltage and amperage, thereby avoiding the necessity of finely a djusting the arn'iature and also avoiding de t'ects in the system from this source.

It will be observed that the armature 60 is a current carrying armature which. forms two shunt circuits, each in series with the resistance 10. One of said shunt circuits is the low voltage circuit which includes the bell f, and may be traced as follows. ire a, terminal post 16, resistance 10, terminal post 17, wire 65, terminal 62, armature 60, terminal 61, wire 63, wire 5-1, winding 52, wire 55, terminal 56, armature 10, terminal 57, wire 58, terminal post 59, wire 0, switch g, bell 7', wire (Z, terminal post 32 and wire 6. The full voltage of the high voltage current is prevented from flowing through the aforesaid circuit by resistance let which is included in the other shunt circuit. The shunt circuit which includes resistance 11- may be traced over the aforesaid circuit as far as the armature 60 where the current is divided. From the armature 60 the high voltage current flows over wires 7 0 and 71, wire 20, terminal post 20, resistance 14., terminal post 21, wire 30, coarse winding 27, wire 31, terminal post 32 and wire 7). The object of providing the armature 60 to establish shunt circuits is to prevent a current of an excessive voltage from flowing through the low voltage shunt which in cludes the bell f.

The earth connection 81, 82, with the binding post 82 may or may not be used, according to the condition of the high voltage circuit with which the apparatus is used.

Claims.

1. In a system of the class described, in combination, a closed circuit of relatively high voltage, a second circuit containing a translating device responsive to a current of relatively low voltage, resistance in the closed high voltage circuit, a circuit controller in the low voltage circuit, a relay having a fine and a coarse winding in series with each other and with the resistance in the closed high voltage circuit and governing said circuit controller, a relay in the low voltage circuit having a fine and a coarse winding in series with each other and with a portion of the resistance in the high voltage circuit, and a circuit controller governed by the relay in the low voltage circuit and acting to exclude from the low voltage circuit portions of the resistance in the high voltage circuit, the fine winding of the relay in the low voltage circuit and the fine winding of the relay in the high voltage circuit, substantially as described.

2. In a system of the class described, in combination, a closed circuit of relatively high voltage, a second circuit containing a translating device responsive to a current of relatively low voltage, resistance in the closed high voltage circuit, a circuit controller in the low voltage circuit, an electromagnet in said high voltage circuit governing said circuit controller, an electromagnet in the low voltage circuit having a fine and a coarse winding in series with each other and with a portion of the resistance in the high voltage circuit, and a circuit controller governed by the electromagnet in the low voltage circuit and acting to exclude from the low voltage circuit a portion of the resistance in the high voltage circuit and the fine winding of the relay in the low voltage circuit, substantially as described.

3. In a system of the class described, in combination, a closed circuit of relatively high voltage, a second circuit containing a translating device responsive to a current of relatively low voltage, resistance in the closed high voltage circuit, a circuit controller in the low voltage circuit, an electromagnet in said high voltage circuit governing said circuit controller, an electromagnet in the low voltage circuit connected with a portion of the resistance in the high voltage circuit, an armature for said electromagnet adapted to close the low voltage circuit through a portion of the resistance of the high voltage circuit, and a terminal with which said armature cooperates, said terminal being connected with a portion of the resistance of the high voltage circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RODERICK M. PALMER.

l Vitnesses:

J AS. H CHURoI-IILL, J. MURPHY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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