US990375A

US990375A - Locomotive-boiler furnace.

Info

Publication number: US990375A
Application number: US45434808A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles Brearley Moore
Original assignee: AMERICAN ARCH CO
Current assignee: AMERICAN ARCH CO
Priority date: 1908-09-23
Filing date: 1908-09-23
Publication date: 1911-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 1928-04-25

Description

C. B. MOORE.

LOCOMQTIVE BOILER FURNACE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1908.

Patented Apr. 25, 1911.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

G. B. MOORE.

LOGOMOTIVE BOILER FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED/511F123, 190B.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

five/27227"! v Jreur/e y Moo/e Patented Apr. 25, 1911.

C. B. MOORE.

LOCOMOTIVE BOILER FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1908.

Patented Ap1'.25, 1911;

'4 SHEETS-*SHEET 3.

c. B. MOORE. 5 LOGOMOTIVE BOILER FURNACE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1908.

Patented Apr. 25, 1911.

4 8HEETSSHEET 4.

CHARLES BREAR'LEY MOORE. 0F EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO AMERICAN ARCH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

\ LOCOMOTIVE-BOILER FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 25, 1911.,

Application filed September 23, 1908. Serial No. 454,348.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES BREARLEY Moons, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Evanston, Cook county, Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Locomotive-Boiler Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in locomotive boiler furnaces and has .special reference to improvements in refractory baffies or deflecting walls, commonly called arches, for the fire boxes of locomotive boilers.

The object of my inventionis to provide an improved refractory arch which may be easily and quickly installed in locomotive fire boxes, which shall be of comparatively lightweight and low cost, which shall be adapted for easy repair, parts of which may be removed to afford easy access to the sides or to the flue sheet of the fire box, and which shall be formed in such manner that it will materially assist in admixing the fire box.

vide an arch of the character here outlined which may be readily modified to adapt it for the introduction'of heated air to the fire box.

.Still further objects ofmy invention will appear hereinafter.

My invention consists in the several improvements, the various constructions, and the combinations of parts, hereinafter set forth and particularly pointed out in the appended claims; and will be readily understood upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which I have illustrated a structure which in a preferred form embodiesthe several features of my invention.

In these drawings. which form a part of this specification 5 Figure 1 is a plan View of a fire box containing a refractory arch embodying one foian of my invention, the

tional view on the line X X of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a modified form of my arch; Fig. 6 is a sectional view thereof on the line ZZ of Fig. 5'; Fig. 7 is a vertical-section on the line UU of Fig. 6; F ig.'8 illustrates the adaptation to a narrow fire box of that form of my invention which is depicted in Fig. 5; Figs. 9 and 10 are perspective Views of interlocking and spacing blocks or bricks, by which I adapt the main refractory members, carriers or supports of the arch to fire boxes of different widths.

My invention may be embodied in arches of various forms and in various locations in the fire box. I have herein confinedthe illustration of the invention to so-called selfsupporting front arches which extend from side sheet to side sheet of the fire box, but desire that it shall be understood that my invention is not confined or limited thereto.

A locomotive boiler fire box, as shown in the drawings is made up of a flue sheet 2,

theside sheets

3, 3, a crown sheet 4. and a rear sheet 5. fuel door 7. The fines 8 lead forward from the flue sheet. f

6 represents the fire box grate.

A so-called front arch usually occupies an inclined position in the front part of the fire box, its lower end closely approaching or being in substantial abutment with the lower part of the flue sheet. Its office is to prevent the direct flow of the gases and combustible particles from the grate to the tines and to force them toward the rear end and side sheets of the fire box and thus cause active combustion to take place throughout the length of the fire box, the object being to insure the uniform distribution of the heat to the walls and crown sheet of the fire box. An arch or baffle which is composed of refractory material attains the maximum temperature of the fire box and performs the further ofiice of igniting" gases and particles which might otherwise escape unconsumed.

A particular object of my invention is so to improve the arrangement and construction of refractory arches that the same shall better perform the function of diverting and admixing the gases and combustibles within the fire box and the function of igniting them before they pass into the fines. To this end I build my arches of a riumberof refractory parts so disposed or arranged as to present a very large superficial area or ignition surface and also to enhance both the retarding and admixing effects of the arch upon the gases and combustibles.

The qualifying term refractory used throughout this specification and the appended claims is inall places intended to define non-metallic structures, and parts, 2'. 6., such as are made of fire clay or the like.

In carrying out my invention I employ a considerable number of independent refractory bricks, generally of several different shapes, and assemble them in a way to secure these advantages and others herein mentioned.

A special feature of my invention resides in a refractory arch which occupies an inclined position in the fire box, and is made up of two principal kinds of bricks, the one kind being supporting bricks that are sepa rated by considerable spaces, and the other kind being cover or panel bricks that rest on the supporting bricks and close or substantially close the spaces between them. Irrespective of the form of the top of an arch of this construction, its under side obviously presents a plurality of surfaces which occupy difierent planes and positions and form deflecting walls and mixing cavities which are of such extent and capacity that they materially enhance combustion within the fire box. I make the supporting bricks, members, or spans, of sufiicient strength to support their own weight and the weight of the superposed cover bricks. The size of the spans or supporting bricks and the disposition thereof in the fire box are determined by the positions of and the distances between their points of support in the fire box. In all cases the several supporting and cover bricks are small enough to be handled easily and passed through the fun nace door. As the cover or panel bricks have no weight to support and are subjected to little, if any, strain they may be both thin and light. Another reason for this is that the cover bricks are farther removed from the direct heat and action of the fire and are in a measure protected by the cavities beneath them. The cinders and pieces of coal which by the action of the draft on the fire are violently thrown against the under side of the arch are'impeded and broken by impact against the heavier supporting bricks, and the cover or panel bricks, which are in a great measure relieved from the scouring action of these particles, are practically as long-lived as the supporting bricks. In consequence of the employment of alternate light and heavy bricks, the total Weight of an arch embodying my invention is considerably less than that of an ordinary arch of the same over-all dimensions. Being made up of small units or members my arches may be put up and taken down more easily than others. Another advantage pertaining thereto is that the small, light, marginal bricks may be easily removed when work is to be done upon the side sheets or the flue sheet or the stay bolts of the fire box. Two other advantages are inherent to the structure described, namely; to a considerable degree, the arch is flexible, that is, being composed of parts which have no large areas of opposing contact one with another, it readily adjusts itself to the walls of the tire box and to any movement thereof which is occasioned by variations of temperature; and, second, the joints formed by the overlapping supporting and cover bricks do not fuse to the extent which causes an ordinary arch soon to become a substantially rigid mass or structure. These features and advantages are preserved in that form of my invention which is illustrated in the several figures of the accompanying drawings. The bricks a, a are the refractory sustaining spans or members which are first positioned in the fire box, and the refractory bricks b are the covers or panels which are later placed upon the supporting members. In the particular form of arch here shown the supporting members or carriers rest upon abutments or lugs provided therefor-on the side sheets of the fire box. At each place I make use of two supporting bracks a, a, which together form a span, a, that reaches from one side sheet to the other. In this case each span a has the side sheet as one support and the abutting brick a as its other support. In short arches only two of the supporting spans are necessary; in longer arches three and sometimes more are used. Thus the arches herein shown have three of the selfsupporting spans or arch sections. One manner of furnishing supports therefor will be explained hereinafter. In building this arch I first place a refractory support against or substantially against the flue sheet and then position the next support or span parallel to it and at a considerable distance from it. I then place the thin bricks,

slabs or panels upon these two supports to secure the second support in its proper re lation to the fine sheet and close the space between the two supports. Afterward the next span and the next set of panels are put in place in like manner. It will be noted that in that form of the invention shown in the, drawings, cinder discharge openings (Z are left at the lower corners of the arch, due to the inclination of the lowest span bricks.

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 4, it will be seen that the particular arch there shown is made up ofthree of the self-supporting full spans or arch sections, a, a, a, and two transverse rows or courses of thin bricks, slabs or fillers, b. Each span, a, is preferably composed of two long refractory bricks a, 0,, which constitute the support-ing members. The ends of these bricks are here shaped to abut respective side sheets 3 of.

the fire box, and lugs 3, arranged in corresponding groups on said side sheets, take the weight of the arch and prevent vertical displacement of the supporting members or bricks. This construction in which few parts are directly supported by the side sheets, and in which the studs are arranged in groups, possesses the advantage that the usual number of studs is reduced, with consequent reduction in the number that need be maintained. The supporting bricks a, a, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4c, are arranged atopposite inclinations and arch against one another, their ends meeting in the middle of the fire box. These bricks a are of a width preferably exceeding their depth, for, as hereinafter described, I desire that these particular bricks shall form parts of the top as well as the bottom of the arch. Each supporting brick is provided with a deep recess, pit, or pocket (1- in its under side, for the purposes above mentioned and hereinafter set forth. It will be noted that the ends'of the bricks a, a, are of full cross section, the pockets or pits being of less length. In some cases I employ bricks or members a which are of channel section throughout, but, for various reasons, including added strength and convenience in manufacture, I prefer the forms herein shown. A further "advantage of such form will be explained hereinafter. The spans or arch sections, a, may occupy vertical positions in the fire box if desired, but the arch lends itself to simpler design when the spans are inclined with respect to a vertical plane and toward the flue sheet. Preferably, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the inclination is such that the upright planes of the sup porting bricks are perpendicular to the pitch line of the arch, meaning'the top plane of the arch as a whole. The bricks, 7), are thin slabs of fire clay and are laid upon the tops of the spans, a, a, closing the spaces between them, and hence constituting panels or cover members between the supporting \bricks. Inasmuch as the arch as a whole is pitched or inclined toward the flue sheet, it is desirable that the panel bricks be not simply laid on the supporting bricks. but that one or both bricks shall be provided with shoulders that will prevent the sliding or displacement of the panels and also positively hold the spans apart. In the present example, a (L3, represent the shoulders on the supporting members, a; and 7), Z) represent the shoulders on the panel bricks 7/. An advantage of shouldering the panels b into or upon the supporting members in this manner is that the tops of the supporting members are not completely covered by the panels and the supporting members in themselves add to the total length of the arch. I prefer that the top of an arch of the kind here shown shall be flat or smooth and therefore provide the sections or men.- bers a with comparatively deep shouldersfor the ends of the panel bricks so that the tops thereof are made'fiush with the tops of the members a. I prefer also that the bricks Z shall have ribs or shoulders b for engagement with the sides of the members a, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Each brick I) is preferably provided with a pit or recess' pits or recesses Z2 add to the.

struction, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, contains in its bottom or under side five distinct transverse channels or recesses, each divided into several parts, as by the end portions a of the members a and the portions Z) of the members 7). As hereinbefore stated, the supporting members are also reeither construction, the arch is formed or provided withmany deflecting surfaces and recesses of different depths, in which the currents of gases impinging upon the arch are effectually broken up and admixed, stratification of the gases being eifectuaiiy prevented; and, obviously, the superficial area or ignition surface of the arch is much increased, as compared with an arch of the ordinary form.

Although I .have herein shown support ing members or spans of a kind adapted to the peculiar supports furnished by the side sheets of a fire box and of a kind to reach from side to side of the fire box, it is obvious that myinvention admits of other arrangements of spaced supporting bricks which span between supportingdevices of other kinds and other arrangements in the fire box.

The arch illustrated in solid arch, that is, it is perforate and no means heatingand introducing air therethrough. When such an air feeding arch is required I modify the structure by substituting for the bricks a the hollow or channeled bricks a,

Figs. 1 to -t is a substantially imare provided for as shown in Figs. 5 to 8. One or more spans may be substituted in this manner, as shown in Fig. 6. The upper and the middle spans are formed of the hollow bricks, and the lower span remains as in Fig. 2. The external form or configuration of the bricks a is substantially identical with the form and configuration of the bricks a, but in lieu of the pocket or recess above described, each brick a is provided with a channel, passage, or duct, a, and one or more downwardly leading openings or passages al By means of tubes or thimbles 12 in the sides of the fire box, air is supplied to the ducts a. It is heated therein and, expanding, attains a high velocity, which results in its forcible expulsion through the ports or openings in the bottoms of the members a Thus the heated air is projected downwardly into the fire box where it combines with the combustibles therein. It is obvious that by means of such hollow arch sections or spans, heated air may be supplied to any desired part of the fire box.

As a means of interlocking the abutting ends of the bricks or members a", I tongueand-groove the ends thereof, as shown in Fig. :3, wherein 0; represents the tongue on one brick accommodated in a groove of corresponding shape in the other, and, in order that the bricks may be interchangeable, I provide the end of each with what may be termed half a tongue and half a groove dotted line (4* in Fig. 1). In other words, I make the ends of the brick identical in form, each being the complement of the other. An advantage of this form of in- -tcrlocking device is that it serves to prevent either vertical or lateral displacement of the abutting ends. One of the chief advantages of my invention is that an arch thus constructed will fit fire boxes of various widths and it is unnecessary to make the component bricks in many sizes. Considerable variation in firc box width may be compensated by increasing or decreasing the pitch or inclination of the members a, and where the width of the tire box precludes adjustment in this i'nanner I employ one or more snmll key blocks 0 between the ends of the members a, a. I make these key blot-ks (shown in detail in Figs. 9 and 10) of icknesses, and if one block is not W use two or more, fitting the same to the space between the ends of the arch members, as shown in Figs. 7 and 9. The sides of the key blocks 0 are provided with half-tongues and half-grooves c and 1 which correspond with the tongues and grooves in the bricks a. terlocl; with one another. Such adjusting or spacing blocks are of particular advan tage in the narrow firebox wherein the width of the upper end of the arch considerably exceeds the width of its lower end.

They therefore in i The special half-tongue and half-groove arch brick interlocking devices above de-.

scribed are not claimed inthis application,

but are specifically described in a divisional application filed September 26th, 1910, Serial No. 583,763.

Other forms of the invention herein claimed are shown and described in my com panion applications Serial No. 454,849 and Serial No. 454,351, filed simultaneously with this application, to wit, September 23, 1908. Thus in the modification shown in application Serial No. 454,349 the supporting members or spans are much like those herein shown, whereas in the modification shown in application Serial No. 454,351 the arch supporting devices in the fire box are arch tubes instead of lugs on the side sheets, and the supporting members, spans, or bricks, which carry the panels, each spans between and is supported by two arch tubes or be tween a tube and the side sheet instead. of being wholly dependent on the side sheets of the box.

As various other modifications of my invention will readily sugge t themselves to one skilled in the art, I jg not confine the invention to the specifi structures shown and described. I

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. it locomotive boiler fire box iii combination with two or more self supporting spans of refractory material spaced apart in the tire box'and abutting the sides thereof, and a plurality of slabs or bricks in the spaces between and supported by said spans, substantially as described.

9. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with two or more self supporting spans of refractory material. abutting the sides of the fire box and spaced apart ther in and a plurality of slabs orbricks filling the spaces between the spans and each supported by two said spans, substantially as described.

It locomotive boiler fire box'in combination with two or more self supporting spans of refractory material abutting the sides of the fire box and spaced apart therein, and a plurality of slabs or bricks supported at the ends by adjacent spans and closing the spaces between the spans, substantially as described.

4. Qt locomotive boiler tire box in combination with two or more self supporting refractory spans arranged transversely and spaced apart therein, in combination with thin bricks or slabs resting upon and. connecting said spans, forming therewith one or more transverse recesses or pockets, substantially as described.

5 ocomotive fire box arch composed tlity of spaced apart refractory each comprising members arched against one another, in combination with a plurality of thin bricks or slabs each resting upon two adjacent spans and said thin bricks closing the spaces between said spans, substantially as described.

.6. 'A locomotive boiler fir box arch comprising a plurality of space apart parallel arch spans composed of refractory material in combination with a plurality of bricks or slabs each supported at the ends by adjacent spans and having its top flush with the tops of said spans, substantially as described.

7. A locomotive fire box arch comprising a plurality of refractory arch spans adapted to abut the side sheets of the fire box and spaced apart in parallel relation, in combination with a plurality of bricks or slabs having recesses or pits in their under surfaces and supported at theends by said spans, and therewith completing the arch, substantially as described.

8. A locomotive fire box in combination with an arch comprising a plurality of refractory spans having their ends in abutment with the sides of the fire box and each provided with one or more pits or pockets in its under side, and thin bricks or slabs separating said spans, each brick extending between two spans and being supported at its ends thereby, substantially as described.

S). A locomotive fire box arch composed of refractory bricks, comprising a plurality of spaced, parallel arch spans each made up of two oppositely inclined bricks and a refractory arch top closing the spaces between said spans, substantially as described.-

10. A locomotive boiler'fire box in combination with an arch comprising a plurality of refractory spans having their ends en gaged with the side sheets of the fire box, each said span being composed of several bricks, said spans being spaced apart, and refractory material in thin sheet 'or slab form resting upon said spans and closing the spaces between them, substantially as I described.

11. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with an arch comprising a plurality of refractory spans each composed of several members arched against one another and havin their ends in abutment with and supported by the side sheets of said fire box, said spans being spaced apart in parallel relation and refractory material in thin slab form resting upon said spans and closing the spaces between them, forming therewith deep gas mixing pocket or pockets, closed at the topand open at the bottom, substantially 12. A, locomotive boiler fire box in combination with an arch comprising a plurality of refractory spans having their ends in abutment with the sides of the fire box each composed of op ositely inclined bricks having their abutting ends interlocked, and a refractory covering or arch top resting upon said. spans and therewith completing the arch, substantially as described.

13. A locomotive boiler fire box arch comprising a plurality of spaced apart refrac tory spans each composed of two oppositely inclined bricks and one or more spacing or adjusting blocks, said bricks and blocks being interchangeably interlocked, and an arch top or cover of refractory material supported by said spaced apart spans, substantially as described.

14. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with a refractory arch comprising a plurality of spaced apart arch spans abutting the sides' of the fire box and occupying inclined positions in the fire box, and transverse rows of fire bricks arranged between and supported by respective pairs of spans, said bricks also serving to maintain the spans in said inclined positions, substantially as described. I

15. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with a refractory arch therein, comprising a plurality of arch spans spaced apart in said fire box, abutting and supported by the sides thereof, members covering or closing the spaces between said spans, one of said spans being hollow and provided with ports or dischargeopenings and means for supplying air to the holh w span through the side or sides of the fire box, substantial y as described.

16. A locomotive boiler fire box having air tubes in its sides in combination with a plurality of refractory arch spans spaced apart in said fire box, abutting and supported by the sides thereof, arch top or cover bricks resting upon said spans and each extending between two thereof, therewith formin gas pockets in the arch, and one or (more 0 said spans being provided with airducts and ports which communicate with said tubes, substantially as described.

17. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with an arch comprising a plurality of spaced apart refractory spans abutting and supported by the sides of said fire box, and a plurality of filler bricks each extending between and supported by twoofsald spans, each of said bricks having a Pltor pocket in its under side, substantially as described. 18. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of refractory spans, spaced apart in said fire box and each having itsends in abutment with the sides thereof, and a plurality of thin refractory bricks oi -slabs having their front and rear ends supported by adjacent spans throughout, said bricks and spans together forming an imperforate arch gas mixing recesses or pockets in its under side, substantially as described.

19. A locomotive boiler fire box, in com aving a plurality of' bination with a plurality of refractory spans, spaced apart in said fire box and each abutting and supported by the sides thereof, a plurality of thin refractory bricks or slabs having their front and rear ends supported by adjacent spans throughout, said bricks and spans together forming an imperforate arch having a plurality of gas mixing recesses or pockets in its under side, certain of said spans constituting air feeding ducts and means for supplying air thereto, sub stantially as described.

20. A locomotive fire box having studs or lugs on its sides in combination with two or more transverse arch spans of refractory material. resting upon said lugs and against the sides of the fire box, said spans beingspaced apart in the fire box and being of greater width than depth and a plurality of slabs or bricks resting upon the tops of said spans and connecting them.

21. A locomotive fire box having air inlet. tubes in its sides, in combination with hollow refractory arch spans spaced apart in, and abutting the sides of, said fire box, at least one of said arch spans abutting said air inlet tubes and having air discharge openings or ports in its under side and com municating with said tubes, and arch members substantially closing the spaces between. said spans and between the sides of the fire box. substantially as described.

22. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with an arch therein, said arch consisting of a plurality of transverse refractory arch spans spaced apart in the fire box, supporting means at the sides of the fire box for said spans and a plurality of thin refractory slabs resting upon and closing the spaces between said transverse spans.

23. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of spans of refractory material transversely positioned and supported therein and a refractory coveringresting on said spans and therewith forming an arch structure within said fire box.

24:. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of refractory spans and a plurality of refractory slabs, the ends of said slabs being formed to fit the upperparts of said spans and space them apart.

'25. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of peaked refractory spans adapted for transverse arrangement in a fire box and a plurality of thin slabs or bricks formed to rest upon said spans and hold them apart.

26. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of spaced apart peaked refractory spans adapted for transverse arrangeinent in a fire box and a plurality of thin slabs or bricks formed to rest upon and interlock with said spans.

27. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of spans each composed of a plurality of refractory bricks in combination with a plurality of thin slabs or bricks, resting upon and substantially closing the spaces between respective spans.

28. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of spaced apart spans each composed of a plurality of refractory bricks and a plurality of refractory spacing slabs or brickshaving their ends interfitting with respective spans, substantially as set forth.

29. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of spaced apart spans each composed of a plurality of complementary interlocking bricks, in combination with a plurality of refractory slabs or bricks having their ends interlocked with respective spans, said spans and slabs to gether forming a refractory arch having an indented or grooved under surface.

30. A locomotive boiler fire box, in com bination with a plurality of refractory spans spaced apart in the fire box, means upon the sides of the fire box supporting the ends of the spans and a refractory 'roof laid upon said spans and composed of a plurality of relatively small bricks or slabs.

31. A locomotive boiler fire box having a grate and provided with a door at one end and a flue sheet at the other end, in combination with an inclined front arch substantially abutting the lower part of said flue sheet and supported by the sides of the fire box, said arch comprising a plurality of refractory spans each composed .of several members and a plurality of refractory slabs resting on said spans, the ends of said spans and certain of said slabs engaging the sides of the fire box.

32. A locomotive fire box having a flue sheet at one end and a fuel door at the other, in combination with a refractory arch substantially abutting the lower part of the flue sheet but at points spaced away therefrom to provide for the passage of cinders,

said arch comprisinga plurality of ooppoe sitely inclined bricks forming a plurality of spans supported by the sides ofthe furnace and inclined with respect to said flue sheet and a plurality of slabs or bricks resting upon. and closing the spaces between, said spans.

A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of parallel spans of refractory material spaced apart and sustained in said fire box, and a covering of refractory material resting on and supported by said spans. said spans and covering forming an arch having a cavitied bottom presenting variously positioned deflecting surfaces. 7

34. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of parallel spans each composed of several refractory bricks,

, deflecting surfaces.

36. A locomotive boiler fire box, in com bination with a plurality of parallel refractory spans transversely positioned, spaced apart and suitably sustained therein, each said span comprising several refractory bricks, and a covering of refractory bricks supported by said spans.

A locomotive boiler fire box, in'combination with a. plurality of parallel refractory span bricks spaced apart and sustained in said fire box and a refractory covering resting upon and interlocked'with the tops of said span bricks, said bricks and coverings forming a substantially imperforate arch having a cavitied bottom presenting variously positioned deflecting surfaces.

38. A locomotive boiler'fire box, in combination with spans of refractory material spaced apart in said fire box and therein sustained in parallel relation, cover bricks resting upon and extending between said spans, said cover bricks having recesses in their sides, and said spans and cover bricks for1ning a substantially imperforate arch having a cavitied bottom presenting variously positioned deflecting surfaces,

39. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with spans each formed of several refractory bricks containing gas mixing recesses, said spans being spaced apart and suitably sustained in said fire box, and a plurality of refractory cover bricks resting upon and forming other gas mixing recesses between said spans.

40. An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of transversely disposed and spaced apart supporting bricks containing gas mixing recesses and a plurality of relatively longitudinal cover bricks formed to rest upon and extend between said supporting bricks and close the spaces between them, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

41.An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, comprising a plurality of refractory panel-supporting bricks spaced apart in parallel relation and containing gas mixing recesses, in combination with a plurality of refractory panels having similar recesses, said panels extending between and resting upon said supporting bricks and therewith presenting a substantially imperforate structure having variously positioned recesses and deflecting surfaces, substantially as de: scribed.

42. An arch for locomotive fire boxes comprising a, plu "ality of refractory span bricks containing gas mixing recesses and spaced apart and, individually supported, in combination "with a plurality of refractory cover bricks having similar recesses, said cover bricks extending between and having their individual ends supported by said span bricks and therewith forming a substantially' imperforate structure having variously positioned recesses and deflecting surfaces.

comprising an arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, composed of a plurality of refractory span bricks, spaced apart and suitably sustained, in combination with a plurality of panel bricks resting upon and extending be tween said span bricks. and said span bricks having stop portions for holding said panel bricks thereon.

44. The improvements herein described comprising'an arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, composed of a plurality of refractory supporting spans, spaced apart and suitably sustained, in combination with a plurality of panel bricks resting upon and extending between said supporting spans, and said panel bricks having stop portions engaged with the sides of said spans, as and for the purpose specified.

4-5. The improvements herein described, comprising an arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes, composed of a plurality of refractorysupporting spans spaced apart and supported in substantially parallel relation, in

combination with a plu ality of refractory panel bricks resting upon and extending between said spans and said spans and bricks having interlockin shoulders or stops, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

46. A locomotive boiler fire box having projections spaced apart upon its sides, in combination with two or more self-supporting spans of refractory material sustained by said -respective projections and also spaced apart in said fire box, and a plurality of refractory panel bricks supported at the ends by adjacent spans and covering the spaces between the spans, substantially as described.

47. A locomotive boiler fire box having arch-supporting lugs arranged in groups upon its side sheets, in combination with several elongated bricks of refractory material, spaced apart with their ends supported by respective groups, of lugs, and refractory cover bricks resting on and extending from one to the other of said elongated bricks, therewith completing an arch.

43. The improvements herein described I her to another and .porting bricks extending between and restmg on opposite devices and spaced apart in the fire box, and a refractory covering laid upon said supporting bricks and closing the openings between them.

49. A locomotive boiler fire box containing symmetrically disposed arch-supporting devices, in combination with refractory sup porting members extending between and resting on opposite devices and spaced apart in the fire box, and a plurality of refractory panel bricks closing the spaces between said supporting members and therewith forming a refractory arch having open-bottomed cavities in its under side.

50. A locomotive boiler fire box containing arch supporting devices in combination with refractory supporting members spaced apart and each supported by and bridging the space between two such supporting devices, and a plurality of refractory panel bricks in turn resting upon and in each case bridging the space bcflween adjacent supporting members, forming therewith an arch having a cavitied bottom presenting a plurality of variously disposed and positioned deflecting surfaces.

51. A locomotive boiler fire box containing symmetrically disposed arch-supporting devices, in combination with an arch comprising refractory supporting spans which rest on said devices and are spaced apart within the fire box and a plurality of relatively .thin refractory bricks constituting panelsbetween said supporting spans.

52. A locomotive boiler fire box containing symmetrically disposed arch-supporting devices, in combination with a substantially imperforate arch comprising refractory supporting spans which rest on said devices and are spaced apart within the fire box and a plurality of refractory bricks arranged upon and constituting panels between the top portions of respective adjacent supporting spans.

53. A locomotive boiler fire box containing arch supporting devices, in combination with an arch comprising 'a plurality of refractory span members resting upon said devices and spaced apart in parallel relation and a plurality of refractory panel members in each case extending from one said memdevices and spaced apart in parallel relation and a. plurality of other refractory members in each case extending from one providing a closed top- 56. A locomotive boiler fire box containing devices for supporting an arch in inclined position therein, in combination with substantially parallel refractory supporting spans arranged upon said devices and at different elevations in said box, and refrac- Q tory panel bricks closing the space between said spans, said bricks having ends which lap upon respective spans and being also provided with shoulders that abut the sides thereof, substantially as described.

571 An arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes. comprising a plurality of parallel refractory supports each composed of several longitudinally interlocked refractory bricks, in combination with a plurality of refractory panels closing the spaces therebetween and resting upon the tops thereof, substan tially as described.

58. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of spans suitably supported and spaced apart therein, each said span being composed of two refractory bricks formed to interlock at their upper ends, and relatively thin bricks extending between, supported by and interlocked with said spans, as and for the purpose specified.

59. The improvement herein described comprising a locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with three refractory span members spaced apart, and sustained in sub stantially parallel relation, within said fire box, and a plurality of refractory panel bricks in turn sustained by said span members and closing the spaces between them.

60. A locomotive boiler fire box, in c'ombination with a plurality of relatively heavy recessed refractory supporting members extending across said box and spaced apart therein at different elevations and rows of relatively light recessed panel bricks arranged between and supported by said members.

61. An improvement in arches for locomotive boiler fire boxes comprising two refractory span members spaced apart at different elevations, and a refractory panel brick extending from one to the other of said span members and sustained thereby.

62. The improvement herein described comprising a refractory arch for locomotive boiler fire boxes. comprising two kinds of bricks that rest on the supporting bricksand substantially close the spaces between them, cavities being formed beneath the cover bricks and between the supporting bricks.

63. The herein described supporting brick 10. or member for refractory arches comprising a supporting brick of geater len th than width, having. one end formed to, t a suit- 1 able abutment, and provided with an interlocking device atits other end, and said brick having a recess in its under side, in combination with panel bricks having their ends resting upon said supporting brick.

64. The herein described supporting brick or member for refractory arches, comprising abrick of greater'length than width,

having one end formed to fit a suitable abutment, provided with an interlocking device at its'o'ther end, and having a panel brick shoulderalong its upper, edge, in combination with a panel brick engaged with said shoulder..

65. The herein described panel brick for.

refractory arches comprising a brick con t aining a recess in its under side and pro 3 vided with shouldered ends adapted for engagement with complementary supporting bricks, in combination with supporting bricks engaged with the shouldered ends of said panel brick. 66. A locomotive boiler fire box in com bination with a plurality of refractory spans composed of elongated bricks extending upwardly from the sides of the fire box and inwardly and forwardly inclined, means interlocking the abutting ends of each pair of bricks and each said brick containing an elongated recess in its under side.

67. A locomotive boiler fire box containing devices for supporting an arch in inclined position therein and a refractory arch resting upon said devices and composed of alternate heavy and light refractory bricks, said heavy bricks serving to protect said light brick from wear, substantially as i 59 described.

68. A locomotive boiler fire box containing devices for supporting an arch in in-' members supported by said devices and widely spaced apart in said fire box, and a plurality of llllll refractory panels each resting upon and extending between two of said span members, said members and said panels containing individual gas mixing recesses, substantially as described.

70. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a plurality of relatively heavy refractory supporting bricks extending across said box and spaced apart therein at different elevations and a transverse row of relatively light panel bricks arranged be tween, lapping upon and supported by said supporting bricks.

71. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with a lurality ofdeeply recessed refractory span ricks spaced apart and so supported in said box and a plurality of refractory panel bricks containing relatively shallow recesses and extending between, lapping upon and supported by said span bricks, substantially as described.

72. The herein described supporting member for refractory arches comprising an elongated refractory brick of greater length than width, having one end formed to interlock with a complementary member and having a panel receiving shoulder along its upper edge, in combination with a panel brisk engaged with said shoulder, substantially as described.

7 3. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with an arch frame or skeleton composed of a plurality of refractory spans supported in spaced apart relation in the fire box and a plurality of refractory cover bric is resting upon and closing the openings in said frame.

74. A locomotive boiler fire box containing arch supporting devices, in combination with an arch therein, comprising supporting bricks spaced apart in the box and sustained by, and extending cross-wise with respect to, said devices, and cover bricks resting upon and closing the openings between said supporting bricks. v

75. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with two refractory panel-supporting bricks both extending from one wall of the fire box toward the opposite wall there of, adjacent top edges of said bricks lying substantially in one inclined plane and a refractory pane] brick which spaces the supporting bricks apart and rests on said edges thereof.

- 76. A locomotive boiler fire box, in combination with two arch-forming panel-sup porting bricks at each side of said fire box, said bricks being spaced apart longitudinally of the fire box and extending from re- Spctive sides thereof toward the opposite side in each case, and a series of panels supported by saidsupporting bricks, closing the top of the space between them and toether extending from side to side of the fire box.

77. A refractory arch for locomotive fire' boxes comprising a plurality of spaced, apart bricks extending across the space occupied by the arch, in combination witha plurality of panel bricks supported by said spaced apart bricks and closing the openings be tween them, substantially as described.

78. A locomotive boiler fire box in combination with a refractory arch occupying and suitably supported in an inclined posi- 10 tion in said box, said arch comprising a plurality of spaced apart bricks extending across the space occupied by the arch and a i plurality of panel bricksjnterlocked With and supported by said spaced apart bricks and closing the openings between .them, 15

substantially as described. 7

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this 19th day'of September, 1908,

in the-presence of two subscribing witnesses.