US990264A - Automatic electromagnetic speed-controller. - Google Patents

Description

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Apr. 25, 19u. I

H.. HBRTZBERG.

APPLIQTEON rLED OCT. 17, 1907.

HARRY ERTZBERG, 0F NTF' YQRK, N. Y., ASSIGNGR TO ABBT A. LG'W, F HORSESHOE, NEVI YORK.

`AUTGlVIJlIC ELECTROMAGNETIC SFEE-CONTRLLER'.

Specification oi' Letters Eat-ent.

Applica-tion led October l?, 1967. Serial No, 397,911.

The object in view is to automaticaliy control thespeed of an engine in case it runs too fast by partialiy closing` lthe inlet or feed. valve to said engine; and, fui-then more, to check sudden or quick movement of the regulator for the purpose of giving a freeeasy movement to the device (such as an inlet or feed valve) to be acted on directly by the regulating mechanism.

y The invention may be embodied in various forms of constructions, either mechanical or- 'electricah oi' partly mechanical and partly electrical.

One speciic embodiment of the invention embraces a centrifugal governor operated by a rotary part of the engine to be controlled, said governor operating a circuit breaker, which controis an electro-magnet, Whose plunger or armature operates the feed Valve or 'Valves of the engines, whereby in case of excessive speed th circuitbreaker closes the circuit and the electro-magnet is energized for partially eosing the engine feed valve.

An 'important'l element of the controller embraced 1n the system gust mentioned is a novel form of electro-magnet. the niunoer O J. h

of which is associated with a dash pot, the

' inlet' and'egress of air to and from said *dash* .pot beingregulated by appropriate '.l

valves, whereby the plunger is restrained in the accompanying orawings, l have ilhis'trated different practical embodiments of the invention, but the cons'trnction shown 'therein is 'to be understood as ilitistrative, only, and not as defining the iin'iits of the invention.. Y

iigure 1 a plan view showing thecon trolling mechanism in cooperative relation to an engine ada'ipted to be driven by snpplying` kerosene and air to 'the cylinders thereof. Fig. 2 is a longitndinai section on an. enlarged scale of the electro-magnet which operates the feed valve or valves of the engine. Fig. 3 is a detail.. view of a centrifugal governor and circuit breaker to be employed in the system of l. Figs. t and 5 are detail Views iiiustratino' novel forni of tension device adziptudA for nee connection with the governor mecha-'n rn. sho in detail in Fig. Fig. v iiins trating` the speed controlling mechanism '.n connection with an intcrnai coinbi a circuit, C, and an electro-magnet, E, theA detailed construction of which Wiil now be set forth.

The governor, A, and 'the 'circuit breaker, B, are housed or inelosed Within an amaropriate casing, a, the iatter being preferably Water tight. Said governor is preferably of the spring and haii type, comprising the springs, b, having the Weights, each spring; being fastened at one end'to a collar, b2, Whieh'is fast on shaft, 53,'the other ends' of said springs beine" attached. to a slidable collar, 7%. The shaft, provided with a pulley, c, adapted to be driver by' a belt, c, from a pulley, c2,-

part, such as the shaft, e, of the engine, E, the speed of ivhici'; is to be controlled.

rilhe circuit breaker is shown in Fig. 3,

'embodied in an anguiar switch ievef which is fulcrumed at Z iwithin the casing', c. @ne end of this switch lever 1s slotted or forked. at

, trolled by a valve, 7u, Which is attached to thed' tor engagement v` o the flange, b5 of the head, 724, constituting ie movable member of the centrilfu governor, Il... The long arm ol the switch lever is provi ded Witha set screw, f, the end portion of .vhich is insulated at f', and is provided with a Contact, g, the latter being insulated from the switch lever. laid contact, g, is adapted to engage iith a fixed contact, which is insulated from the casing, a, and is connected electrically with a binding post, fl. The movable contact, y, of the switch lever is connected. by a wire or conductor, g2, with another insi'ilated binding post, 7L', and to the binding posts, i., t', are attached the wires forming the electric circuit, C, the latter being p1 vided with a battery, C', or other source of electric energy.

The electro magnet, D., shown more clearly in Fig. 2, consists ol. ay mass ot soft iron, l', a coil, D2, and a plunger, l, and these parts are substantially inclosed within a casing, l, composed, preferably, of brass or other non-magnetic material.. The metallic mass, l), is chan'ibered for the reception of the coil, D2, one end of: said metallic mass being provided with an integral head, 2'., having` an axial extension, i', that projects into one end portion of the coil, D. The plunger, DU, is provided at one end with an integral head, y', said plunger and the head thereoitI being composed sott iron. The plunger, D, operates withinltlie coil in the usual manner, and said plunger with its head, y', are adapted to be attracted by the lines of torce established in the mass of soft iron, D', and its extension, by a current which is admitted to the coil, D2.

The casing, l, of the electro-magnet is fastened tightly to the `magnetic mass, D', and said casing is provided at its other end with a head, j", the latter having an apertured boss, jg. The casing, l, forms a dash pot chamber, l', at one end portion or' the electro-magnet, D, and in said chamber, l', operates the head, if?, or' the plunger, D3. To the head, y', `is rigidly secured a piston, J, composed of brass or other non-magnetic material, and this piston is movable in the chamber, l', with the plunger, D3. The plunger is adapted to be drawn in one direction by the magnetism established by the coil in the metallic mass, D', but the movement olf the plunger, D, and the piston, J, in an opposite direction is brought about by mechanical means, such as the springs, il',

which are housed in the holloiv pluiiger, il',

said springs being anchored by fastening them to the head, j', of the casing, l, and the other ends of said springs being attached to the hollou7 piston, J. The ingress and of air to and from the dash pot, l', is concasing, l, and communicates with the dash et the piston, il, in said. chamber. i As shown in lig. the extension, z", of the metallic l mass, D', is provided with a passage, 7c', the flow 'of air through which is regulated by a valve, 24:2. The valves, fc, 7a2, may be of any suitable type, but as shown, said valves are adapted to beadiustcd by hand, in order to control the flow of air into or from the chamber, l' when the plunger, D3, and the piston head, J, are moved Within said chamber.

lhe (,lectro-magnet is provided With suitable binding posts, c, c", to which are attached the conductors of the circuit, C, thus including the electromagnet in circuit with the battery, C'.

ll'hen an electric current is admitted to a coil of a solenoid, the plunger' of said solenoid is usually moved suddenly and quickly by the attraction of the magnetic mass, but the electro-magnet shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, embodies a pneumatic check or dash pot which ellectually precludes any sudden travel of theplunger. The movement of the plunger, D3, into the coil of the solenoid is opposed in a measure by the pneumatic cushion which is producedI by compressing airv in the chamber, l', due to the movement of the head, j, toward the core, the air thus compressed flowing into the coil, D2, andA through the passage, lc', and the. valve, k2, associated with the extension, The compression of air Within the chamber, l', forces the air slowly out of the valve, 7;'2. at one end of the electro-magnet, but at this ,time air is admitted -by the valve,

bachr ot the piston, J. When the plunger is released by breaking the circuit, C, the spriii`Y in an opposite direction, and at this time the air is compressed between the head, j, and the piston, J, so as to check the movement of the plunger in the opposite direction. In the practical operation or" the regulator system it will be found that the plunger, D3, and the piston, J, will move intermittently and the dash pot is normally in use for checking the sudden movement of the plunger.

The movement ot the 'plunger operates thc inlet valve of the engine, E, which is to be controlled, but, in Fig. 1, I have illustrated means for operating both the fuel` s. J',Apullrthe piston and the plunger arm, L, and these links in turn are pivoted to shifting rods, M, M", the former being connected to a series of arms, n, which are associated with the fuel valves, n, of the engine, 'while the other shitting rod, M', is connected to the arms, 0, which operate the air valve, o, of said engine. it will be understood that the cross arm, L, may be connected to only one valve, or to one series of valves, 'but in Fig. l, this cross arm is represented asoperating two series of valves, the valves of one series controlling` the inlet of fuel to the engine, and the valves ot' the other series regulating the admission of air to the engine.

lhen the engine is rotating at normal speed, the centrifugal governor is, also, rotated by the gear connections with the engine shaft, e, but the sliding` member of the governor turns idly in the 'ork, cl, of the switch lever, B, the latter assuming practi cally the position shown in Fig. 3,' wherein the contact, g, does not engage with the contact g', thus breaking the circuit, C, and permitting the electro-magnet, D, to remain at rest. Should the engine shaft rotate'at aV speed above .the normal, the spring members of the governor are thrown outwardly and the head, b4, is moved endwise, thereby operating` the switch lever, l), so as to close the electric circuit, (l, by bringing the contact, g, into engagement with the contact, g. Current'is thus admitted to the coil of t-he electro-magnet, and the core is thereby energized for the purpose of drawing the plunt(rer, D3, and the piston, fl, in one direction, whereby the cross arm, L', is moved for the purpose of operating the air and 'fuel valves of the engine, E. It. should be noted that the pneumatic check or dash pot retards the movement of the plunger and secures a steady uniform operation of said plunger in either direction, thus openingor closing` the engine valve or valves in like manner.

In Figs. 5, 6, and T of the drawings, l have shown a mechanical tension device which is associated with the switch lever, B, and the centrifugal governor, A, whereby the move ment of the switch lever under the action of the egovernor is opposed so as to prevent the circuitfrom being` closed too quickly by the motion ot the engine shaft. The tension device includes a cross rod. l), on the long' arm of the switch lever, B, and to the end portions of this cross rod are fastened springs, Q. the other ends of which are pro-` vided with cords, q, or like tlexible'connecf tions. These cords are fastened to an arbor. Q', which is mounted int-he casing, a', for rotation therein, whereby the arbor is adapted to coil or wind the cords, 1]. on itselt1 when said arbor is turned in one lirection.- 'lhe arbor is provided at one end with a.A

suitable operating wheel, g', and the arbor is provided, also, with ari index, g2, adapted to traverse the dial, Q3, provided on the outv side ot' the casing for indicating the tension exerted by the springs on the switch lever, B.

lt will be' understood that the arbor may be rotated'in one direction for ceiling the cords, y, thereon and distending,- the springs, Q, Q', thus placing increased tension on the switch lever, B', and pressing,- its forked end into tight frictional engagement with the centrifugal governor, whereby the tension device affords resistance to the spreading of the governor balls `and prevents the governor from responding quickly to a slight increase above the normal in the speed of the engine shaft. The arbor of the tension device may be turned in an opposite direction to uncoil the cords partly therefrom and thus slacken the tension of the springs. ln Fig. 6, l have shown the speed corntrolling` mechanism in lconnection with au internal combustion engine, E', of that type which employs a carbureter, c, adapted to mechanicallymix air with a liquid fuel.

such as gasolene. ln said ligure, a single cylinder engine of the two cycle type" is equipped with a single carburetor adapte-d to b e controlled by the regulator mechanism,

` but it will be understood that the number of cylinders and carbureters may be increased as desired. y i l Having' thus fully described the invention, what l claim as new, and desire to Isecure by Letters Patent is: i

l. In an apparatus ot' the class described, an inclosed electroanagnet having a plunger, a dash pot piston movable with said plunger and operatingin a chamber formed by said inclosed magnet, means for regulating' the tlow of air to and from said cham` bei'. a controlling device operated by said. plunger, a circuit for energizing` the magnet, and autoniatic switch mechanism for makin and. breaking' the circuit..

ln an automatic speed controller, an internal eoml'nistion engine, an engine-shaft, separate valve mechanisms for controlling the supply oi air and 'fue-l, respectively, o the cylinders of said internal combustion ein gine, an electro-magnet having a movable element, separat-e conne -tions from saidmovable element, with the respective valve mechanisms, a centrifugal governor operatively connected with said engine-shai`t, an electric circuit including said electro-map;- net. and a circuit breaking lever included in said electric, circuit and mechanically connected to said centrifugal 2governor.

23. ln an automatic speed controller, 'an internal combustion engine, an engine sl "tt a vvalve mechanism tor controlling` th mission of fuel to said engine, another valve mechanism for regulating the inlet of air to Said engine, an electro-magnet having a l und adjusting wenns eoimoeitocl to the 1G movable element, separate Connections interspring` lor vuryinff the tension thereof. mediae 'said movable element and the re- In testimony whereof l have Sigi .il my sneotive valve mechanisms, :L mechanical nume to this specilosion in the piebence of governor operated by the engine shaft, an two subscribing vviine tes.

electric circuit including- Said eleetro-maglll'l'Y HERTZBERG; net, a circuit breaking lever interposed in ll'lil'newes:

Said Circuit und connected directly to Said l1. l, Bnnx'rmizo,

governor7 a spring attached to said lever, JAS. lf. Qiurruv'.

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