US989939A - Dust-collector. - Google Patents

Description

W. E. ALLINGTON.

DUST COLLECTOR. APPLIOATIOI FILED HAY 7| 1906.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911 WILLIAM E. ALLINGToN,'

oF- SAGINAW, MICHIGAN. I

Dusar-COLLECTOR To all whom. (it may concer-m:

Be it kfnown that I, -VViLmAM E. Amine-C 'ioN, a citizen of the United States, residing Vat Saginaw, in the county of Saginawv and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dust-'Collectors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to dust collectors, and more particularly to dust4 collectors of the centrifugal type, wherein a materialsconveying air-current is rotated, centrif- Vugally to mass the material for delivery separately from the air, In some of its fea' tures, further, my invention is particularly advantageous in' a machine wherein the zone of initial rotation of the-air .issmaller than the maximum diameter of the easing; as is` the case in my prior Patent No. 772,689.

Among the salient objects of myinvention vis to providea dust collector. wherein the internal lresistance or'back pressure is y ing mechanism.

minimized, or conversely stated,l wherein.'

power eiiiciency is h igli.

Another object is to 'provide a collector capable of embodiment with a casing of small cubicai contents in relation to its working capacity. v n f 1 Other and. .further objects of my invention may best become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description taken in conjunction with the ac- Figure 1 is an elevatioii,with parts brokenaway, of adust'collector embodying my 1nvention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section on 4 line 2 2 of Fig. 1', and, Fig. 3 is a plan .view

of the machine, showing the damper adjust- T= roughout the drawingv like numerals of reference refer always .Ike parts.

In thedrawing 5 muicaiesingeneral the l collector casing coiiprising in' 'general an upper section 5* preferably of conoidal "forni, increasing 1n diameter from top to bottom, a lower section 5" of inverted conoidal shape,

. and a deck 5 covering theftop section ri.

The deck is rovidcd with an axial air outlet- 5, and t ie bottom of section 5" is provided witlra dust out-letI 5. 6 indicates the. tangential inlet, opening into the upper end of the casing at the smallest portion of the upper conoidal section,

-said inlet beingpreferably rectangular in cross section at `its oint of juncture with said casing, and re atively deepand narspeciiinaamiof ritmi-5 raten. Patenteq-pini, 1.911. Application led May' 7, 1906. Serial No. 315,476.

' row. `Thispi'ovision of a deep vertical inlet in combination with a eonodal'upper casing effects delivery 4of all of the air in anarrow zone, all as close to` thcv axis of theniacliine as the taper ot the conoidal body and necessary width of the inlet will permit. 7 indicates the discharge pipe, or outlet stack, communicating with the outlet opening 5 and extending downward therefrom to a point below the lower end oi. the inlet (3, preferably through or nearly through the upper vcha n-iber forniedhy the upper conoidal section. 'llie upper e'nd of the oulletstack 7 is liieferabl-y cylindrical to a point at or below the lower edge of the inlet, and below said point is enlarged to conoidal torni, oi" greatest diameter at its lower end, as shown at 7', the stack as a' whole, therefore, Haring' downwardly and outwardly, or, in other words, being larger at itsiiitake end than is its free outlet opening, which is usually the top diameter of the stack.

'8--8 indicateV deiectors, each comprising anupperportion 8 of generally triangular foi-m, connected with the inclined. walls 7a 'of the outlet'stack and extending'inward in a generally radial direction, preferal'ily to 'approximate alinenient with the upper cylindricalportion 7 of the' stack. The lower portionSh of each detieetor'depends below the open enlarged end of the stack, and pref# erably extends i-n a generally radial direction from -a point of approximate alinement with the cylindrical upper part- Vof .the stack tg a point without'the'area vertically aliniug with the lower end of said stack, so as to provide below and without the open end ofv the stack defiecting wings 8?, which extend preferably to approximate alinement with the mouth of the inlet, and are at their outer Y extremities 'free -and unsupported. These 'wings Vmay, as shown in the drawing, be straight, or tiiey'may, if preferred, be curved. The specifieforni and arrangement of deilectors shown may, of course, be varied, the essential feature being that by their association with a flaring stack, the rotation o the air'be interrupted inazone of greater ra ius than the free air outlet area, and vthat the air be delivered to the stack to vbe piped out of the machinewitlsout substantial'violent' rotation in' the contracting portion of `the stack.

, The macliine'as thus far described is an operative structure whichlfwill operate as' tinto 4the smaller area of the upper portion 5 of the casing' by a fan'or other suit-ablemeans, revolves rapidly, and passes downward ina'cylindrical spiral,'around the outlet stack 7, ,following the path of lea-st resistance in thelmachinc. The dust-is cent'rifugally thrown outward,- beyond this dominant air current intothe .Surrounding air space afforded by'the increasing diameter of the casing, within which space, outside the dominant air stream, induced a whirl of less velocity. 'Ihe air of the dominant or`inner whirl, reachingr the projecting A wings 8 is prevented from further rotation land, seekmg, of course, thezvpath of least resistance, passes in through the area below and alining with the outlet `stack 7 vand -thence passes upward through the outlet stack to escape.Y Dust is delivered out of the machine to the outlet 5e.

I have found that-in order to maintain av high efficiency, or louback pressure, in the machine, it is necessary that the free area ot' the lower, open mouth Vof the outlet stack Shall be considerably. in"excess.ot the area of the inlet 6, butl that thearea of the outlet opening 5? need be -only comparatively l slightly vin excess of the-area of said inlet 6- provided, of course, that the air in the. stack be not in violent-whirl. This I aceountfor upon the theory that at the point where the air makes its turn from a direction spirally downward .in the machine to a direction upward through the outlet stack,l the aninust be left free to form its own delivery curve uninipeded and without restriction, and,

- therefore, requires a relatively large escape area,- but from .whatever cause the effect en sues `my experience has'. demonstrated that' 40, the fact is as herein stated, that it a rela-r tively large, freearca be afforded at the lower open end of the. outlet-stack, the upper only slightly in execs-sof that of the inlet,

I. am enabled to reduce materially the di- 5e given Aeffective working.capacity, without ameter of the. easing: 5 for a machine of any detraeting fi-ouv the,l efficiency of the' inachine. .Flu-ther, it will be apparent, that in any machine `i'vherein the ain is introduced at a radiusbeyond' the zone of the eecti'vel out-let opening, the lprovision of air-,whirldestroying defiectors, associated with a flaring stack foreduc'tingthe air as its. rota-v tion is stopped, serres ,to elil'ninate more or less ltot' the Acentrifugal resistance which would otherwise resist the inward passage of the air from the inlet'zone to the outletl area,-the ultimateuefficiency depending` of course,v upon how fthoroughly' cdntrifuga'l resistance is eluuiuated. Machines` may bei by the construction-of the de 4to provide the free wings 8c, I: am'enabled made on this principle of soy slight back pressure that the loss is neglgible. Further` ctor as shown,

to simplify the construction of the machine and` to render it readily adapt-able tothe requirements of particularusers. Ifhave found from experience that While -by making the-diameter'from tip to tip of opposing deflecti'ng wingssubstantially equal to -the diameter' of the casing? at the point of entry of the air,'I am enabled to minimize bac pressure Vin-tlie machine. I havealso found by experience that in handling-someparticular materials this maximum eliciency is \obtained at the expense of a certain degree of leakage of dust, which leakage can be prevented decreasing,| the size of the deflecting zone or area., wherein the'defiectors operate to positively break up the whirl, and

my present construction enables this reduc- 'tion of the detlectin zone to be readily :ic-

lcomplished, as the ree projecting extremities of the defiector Wings 8 may be easily curved or trimmed down to narrow the defieeting zone to any Adesired v'extent within the limit prescribed by the radial extent of; said wings, without requiring any other change in'construction. fw l I further 'providein my-impr'oved machine a, supportingeplate 9, secured to the inner ends or heelsfof the defiectors 8, and mounted in said-plate 9 a relief pipe 10, the upper end whereof extends into thejopen end of the enlargement. 7. @11v indicates a damper ivotally mounted in said pipe'to open'an close the same,A and arranged for control from the exteriorof the machine by any suitable means. 'Damper operating means are herein `shown as cOmpriSing a ,damper rod `12- connected with the level" 13 carried by a rock. shaft` 14' mounted upon the deck 5 Vof the casing, said rod bearing at its' outer end the.- T-lever 15, to'oppqsite "extremities whereof arey securedv operating cords 16, -but the articilar arrangement is unir'nportanut.l W ienj the damper 11- `is opened While th'e machine is' `in operation, Y

the. air in transit past theuppr extremity of the relief pipelO produces adrafttherethrough which relieves'the pres'sureat the dust outlet 5,andlby'varying the effective opening of the 'pipe 10,.by means of damper 11, Iam enabled-to adjust to av nicety the force of-the dust delivery,4 When'the 'dam-v per is closed, obviously,fthe structure 9, 1 0,

y11y as a whole presents abalemof greatery radins thanthe effective air outlet radius,

interposed between the air a-nd-4 the dust-out` lets, below the stack, =to prevent jupWard.k axial vair flow from the lower' separationY chamber to the stack.

' While I have herein described in some de# ..ul a specific. embodiment of my.- invention, which' I believeto be off-advantageous construction, l do not desire to 'be understood i having a conoidal enlargement. at. its lower end in the area-of the casing ot iat-ger dias limiting in vself tothe specific detailsl of -eonstruetion further than as specified in the "claims, as it will be ai'iparent to'thoseskilled` in the artihat numerous changes iii the construction might be made without departure from the spirit and `scope' ot' my invention.

AHaving thus described iny invention, what I claiintand desire to secure by Letters lat- Sie ent, of the United States, is: Y

1. 1n a centrifugal dust: collector, the coinbination witu a casing having a tangential inlet, a top air outlet and a bottoniA dustk outlet, of an air vstack opening to the air 1,5 outlet, flaring downwardly and oi'itwari'lly;

and deflectors associated with said stack for breaking up the un' whirl ad iat-ent the lower end ofthe stack to a radius as great kas the lower end lopening thereof.

fO 2. -In a centrifugal dust collector, thceombination with a casin r having a tangential "inlet, a top air outletl and-a bottom dust. outlet, 'of'an air stack opening to the air outlet, vvflaring d'owm'vardly and outwardly;

26.' and detiectors extending 'within said staelil -arranged to interrupt. the air whirl.

` 3. In a centrifugal dust collector, theA coinbination with a easing having a tangential 1nlet,'a top air outlet and abottoni duet outlet, of an air stack opening to the air outlet,'tlaring downwardly and outwardly; and whirl interrupting defie'ctors associated with said stack arranged below its lower end,

and in radius cxteiling to the edge thereof;l the radially outer edges of said detlectors being uneoninedto admit, lateral passage of air therebetween.

' 4. Ina centrifugal dust. collectm-,the coinbinaton with a casing having a tangential 4 0 inlet, atop air outlet and a bottom dust outlet, of an .air stack openingito tlie air outlet, flaring downwardly and outwardly;

.and whirl-interrupting detleetors associated witlifsaidistack extending below .and beyond the lower edge ofgsaid stack, said detlectors;

4'liiiviiig their vouter edges uncontined to admit :unilaterally therebetween. i 5. In a centrifuga-1 dust collector, the coinbination with a'casing having a tangential 5G inlet, a .topl'air outlet and a bottom dust outlet, of an air stack opening to the air outle't, lari g downwardly and outwardly.; and 'whirl-'interrupting detlectors associated with said stack extending in generally radial lines belowthe edge of the stack within and without the area aliniiig vertically with the/lower end ofsaid stack.

` In a dust collector, a casing providing an'upper area of smaller diameter. and a Y outlet to aiiointbelow the in let, d stack 60 lower area of greater diameter, and-pro uii'ieter, anddetlectors for breaking up the air whirl at' the lower end of the stark.

'7, Ina dust collector, a easing lproviding an upper area of smaller diameter and a lower area of greater diameter, and pro` vided with an air-outlet and a dust-outlet;

smaller ar'ea of the easing, an outlet stack-extending froin they outlet to a. point below the inlet Aand having an enlarged lowcrend, and detleetors extending below the open end of periphery. p

-8. In a dust collector, a casing providing an upper area of smaller diameter and a with an air-outlet in its top and a dust-out let, a tangential inlet, opening to anl upper smalle` area of the casing, an outlet stack extending from the out-let to a point below the inlet and having Aan enlarged lower end, and deflectors extending the length Yof the stack enlargement within said' enlarged end and depending below the extremity of said stack.

' t). In a dushcollector, a casing-providing :in upper area of smaller diameter and a lower area of greater diai'i'ieter, and provitle(1.\vith 'an air-outlet in its top and a dust-outlet, atangential inlet, opening to an 'upper smaller area of the casing, an out-let stack extending from vthe outlet to .a point below the inlet and. having a conoidal enlarged end below 'said linlet, and detlectors below the open end of the stack extending in .a generally radial direction .vithin and without the areaaliiiing vertically with the periphery of said'ilwer end of the-stack.

1t). In a dust'leollector, a eonoida-l casing Vgradually increasing in diameter froi'n an upper area to an area. therebelow, provided with an air-outlet inits top, and a dust outlet'adjacent the bottonna tangential inlet opening into the upper'sznaller area of the lower larger portion 'of the easing area, and detteetois for'breaking up the air whirl at the lower endof the stack.. f

11. Inj a dust collector, aeaSing provided witli'an airoutlet in its .to'p and a dust-outlet inl its bottoni portion, a tangential-inlet opening to the upper area of the-casing, an outlet vstack extending from the outlet to a pointbelow the inlet, said outlet stack being of uniform diameter in its upper portion, and below the" lane of the inlet prolower end of said' stae f:

12. ,In a dust collector, `a casing of smaller Ydiameter' adjacent its top and 'larger diame- 'a tangentialinlet, openingto an upper.

lower area of greater diameter, and provided.

vided with a conoida enlargement, and de. ltleetors forkbreaking u the air-whirl at 'thethe stack within the area alining with itsl casing, nnoutletstack extending-troni the air-outlet to a point below i1lie.aii'inlet, said stack having aconoidal enlargement in the ter a't a point below the inlet, 4said casing bel ing provided with an outlet in its top and a dust-outlet in its bottom portion, a tangential inlet opening into vthe u 'pensmaller area of the casing, an outlet stac extending fromv the outlet to a point below 'the inlet, said staclcbeing of uniform diameter, through a vertical length coinciding with' the vertical extent of the inlet, .andibelow said inlet expanded in lconoidal form inthe enlarged Iarea of the casing,'and`,delectors having wings projecting vertically below and radr ally beyond the lower extremity of the stack, t-he radial extremities of saidwings being free and unsecured.` v

13. I n a dust collector, a casing of smaller diameter at its top and larger diameter therebelow, provided with-an air-outlet at its top and a dust-outlet'adjacen't its bottom, a tangential inlet opening into the .upper `smaller area of the casing,- an out-let stack extending down from -the'outletto a point below the bottom of theV inlet, a plate below the lower-end of the stack provided with an aperture, a relief pipe'eirtending through said aperture above the lower end' of the stack, and means for; closing'the relief pipe.

14, In a dust collector', a casing of-srnaller diameter at its top and larger diameter therebelow provided with a'n 'air-outlet at its top anda dust-outlet adjacent its liot'to1n,a

tangential inlet opening'into thenliper area damper.

ofthe easing ofl smaller diameter, an outlet st-ack extendii'lg-down from the outlet toa" casing enlarged inconiizfl forni, a plate. below the lower largegexidjfbf the stackpro--4 vided with an aperture, a relief pipe extending through the `aperture apomt'within the stack, and means for olosingsaid relief pipe.

16. Ina dust collector, a casing provided with a tangential inlet located vnear lts upper end, an air outlet in its top, and a' dust outlet atthe bottom, -in combination with' an outlet stack within the easing, establishing communication between a vertically central portion vof the casing and'theairoutlet, 'said stack being larger at its lower end than atits upper end; and internal radial deflect'ors lin the stack.

1.7. The combination in a. dust collector, having a tangential inlet and a conieal dustdischarge, of a tapering tubular guard for the escape of the purified air, said` ard flaring downwardly and 'outwardly, efiectors arranged within said tapering tubular guard, said deectors being rigidly attached i to the inner walls ofsaidl guard landv arranged-to defleetthe escaping. purified air froml the side walls of the tubular guard to the central portion of Said guard, for /the vpurpose set forth, substantially 'as described.

18. The combination with a dust collectorf casingproviding a top a-ir o utlet,` a bottom f dust outlet, and a tangential inlet, ofan ain stack flaring downwardly and outwardly, delieetors associz'ited with lthe' lower,- end` thereof to breakup theai'r whirl to the radius of said bottom end of the stack, anda centrally located, transverse baiile below the detlectors.

1). In a, dust lcollet-tor7 the combination" with a easing, providingan upwardly taperi; ing upper portion -having an air outlet in its head, and a bottom portiondiaving a dust outlet therein; said casing inelosing` ar'l'areak wherein air may rotate; o fan inlet spout for I Y dust-laden ,air opening throughv the tapering upper portion of the casing near the smallest` diameter, thereof l and'havingside walls Atair-v genti allyv disposed withrespeet to said tapering upper portion ofk the casing, Said side" walls being lsubstantially parallelvto, the

about which rotates.; ,1

In testimony whereof I -herel'rnto stfni'f hand in the presence of two witnesses-,2f-

. .WILLIAM iE'.- ALLINGTON; f

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