US9853A - Improvement in processes for obtaining chromates - Google Patents
Improvement in processes for obtaining chromates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9853A US9853A US9853DA US9853A US 9853 A US9853 A US 9853A US 9853D A US9853D A US 9853DA US 9853 A US9853 A US 9853A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- potash
- ore
- iron
- improvement
- obtaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 40
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- XMXNVYPJWBTAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium chromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O XMXNVYPJWBTAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Iron(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/14—Chromates; Bichromates
Definitions
- Chrome ore is composed chiefly of oxide of chrome and oxide of iron.
- my invention consists in reducing the oxide of iron in chrome ore, either wholly or in part, by means of carbon in any of its several forms, or by means of any of its compounds which are or may be employed as fuel-sueh as carbonic acid, carbureted hydrogen-as the first stage of the manufacture; and, secondly, in removing the iron so reduced by means of sulphuric acid.
- the remainder of the process of manufacture is similar to that which was described above as now musenamely, to heat the residue obtained by my improved process in contact with carbonate of potash, and either with or without saltpeter.
- the solution obtained by washing" the residue of the ore after the sulphate of iron is produced may be again economically used for diluting the acid which is to be applied to'remove another portion of iron from asucceeding charge.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIGE.
JAMES C. BOOTH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PETSNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING CHROMATES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 9,853, dated July 19, 1653.
To all whom it mag concern:
Be it known that I, JAMES (J. BOOTH, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Mode of lvlannfacturiug Uhromate and Bichromate of Potash from Ghromic Iron or Chrome Ore; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description.
Chrome ore is composed chiefly of oxide of chrome and oxide of iron.
The ordinary mode of obtaining chromate and bichromate of potash from chrome ore is by the repeated heating of the chrome ore together with carbonate of potash. Sometimes saltpeter is added; but the operation is sometimes effected without saltpeter. The chemical reaction which takes place during this operation is well known. The oxide of chrome contained in the chrome ore is oxidized and converted into chromic acid, and this chromic acid combines with the potash in the carbonate of potash, forming chromate of potash, while carbonic acid is liberated. The oxide of iron and the chrom ate of potash are then separated by lixiviation. This process of making chromate of potash requires that the ore should be thus heated several timesin succession with fresh portions of carbonate of potash,
for a portion only of the oxide of chrome is oxidized and separated from the ore at a single heating.
The nature of my invention consists in reducing the oxide of iron in chrome ore, either wholly or in part, by means of carbon in any of its several forms, or by means of any of its compounds which are or may be employed as fuel-sueh as carbonic acid, carbureted hydrogen-as the first stage of the manufacture; and, secondly, in removing the iron so reduced by means of sulphuric acid. The remainder of the process of manufacture is similar to that which was described above as now musenamely, to heat the residue obtained by my improved process in contact with carbonate of potash, and either with or without saltpeter.
To enable others skilled in the art to use my improvement, I will describe more minutely the mode of applying my improvement which Ihave found to answer best, without intending to limit myself to the peculiar proportions of acid specified, or form or proportions of carbon.
1 take the ore known as chromic iron or chrome ore and grind it to a powder by the usual mechanical means. I mix the powdered ore with about one-fit'th'of its weight of powdered charcoal. This mixture is placed upon the hearth of a reverberatory furnace constructed as the reverberatory furnaces for reheating or puddling iron are ordinarily constructed-that is, so that the heat or flame may be as free as practicable from free oxygen or atmospheric air. By this operation the greater part or all of the oxide of iron in the chrome ore is reduced to the metallic state. When one charge of the mixture is reduced, as above described, it is raked out and a second charge of the mixture introduced into the heated furnace, reduced, and replaced by 'a third, and so on. Each charge, when raked out of the furnace, is thrown into dilute sulphuric acid contained in vats, whereby the iron is dissolved, formmg a solution of protosulphate of iron or copperas. This solution, still containing free acid, is drawn off and run upon a fresh charge of reduced ore, in order more fully to saturate the free acid, after which itis again drawn off and evaporated to crystallization, so as to produce copperas in a state adapted to commerce. The residue in the vats is well washed with water and dried. It is then mixed with carbonate of potash, or with carbonate of potash and saltpeter, and heated in the same manner that the chrome ore itself is in the first instance heated in the process usually employed, and described above.
The following are the advantages of my improved process: By the usual mode of manufacturing chromate and bichromate ot' potash only a portion of the oxide of chromcisoxidized and chromate of potash formed by a single heating, and thus repeated heating with fresh portions of potash is required. These repeated heatings with potash involve a considerable loss of potash by volatilization. By the'employment of my process the first heating with carbonate of potash converts all, or nearly all, the oxide of chrome into chromate of potash, andthusmuchofthislcssbyvolatilization ofthe potash is avoided. The production of copperas, incident to my process, assists in defrayin g the expense involved in my process. The quantity of oil of vitriol 1 employ is nearly equal in weight to about two thirds of the weight of the ore itself.
The process precisely as above described experiment has led me to believe to be the most cite or bituminous coal, or any other carbonaceous fuel or carbonaceous material may be used; and instead of afurnace gas-retorts may be used.
The solution obtained by washing" the residue of the ore after the sulphate of iron is produced may be again economically used for diluting the acid which is to be applied to'remove another portion of iron from asucceeding charge.
I do not desire to claim separately as my invention such portion of the process hereinbefore described as I have stated to be similar to that now in use for manufacturing ch romate and bichromate of potash; but
What I do desire to claim as my invention, and to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The reduction of chrome ore by the earv Witnesses:
GEORGE HARDING, JNo. E. SHAW.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US9853A true US9853A (en) | 1853-07-19 |
Family
ID=2070174
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US9853D Expired - Lifetime US9853A (en) | Improvement in processes for obtaining chromates |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9853A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431075A (en) * | 1945-04-02 | 1947-11-18 | Pacific Bridge Company | Production of chromium hydroxide |
US2905546A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1959-09-22 | American Chrome Company | Chemical upgrading of chromium bearing materials |
US5917515A (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1999-06-29 | Fujitsu Limited | Ink jet printer having backup unit with any one or both of a pump mechanism and a nozzle cap mechanism |
US20080182605A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Ryouji Yamaoka | Cognitive wireless communication system |
-
0
- US US9853D patent/US9853A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431075A (en) * | 1945-04-02 | 1947-11-18 | Pacific Bridge Company | Production of chromium hydroxide |
US2905546A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1959-09-22 | American Chrome Company | Chemical upgrading of chromium bearing materials |
US5917515A (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1999-06-29 | Fujitsu Limited | Ink jet printer having backup unit with any one or both of a pump mechanism and a nozzle cap mechanism |
US20080182605A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Ryouji Yamaoka | Cognitive wireless communication system |
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