US984456A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

W. F. TRENARY.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1908.

I Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1- W1 [messes W. P. TRENARY.

GENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 10, 190B.

W. F. TRENARY.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1908.

984,456. Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

4 8HEETS-SHBET 8.

5mm r Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

llm

W. F. TRENARY. GENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION TILED JULY 10, 1908.

E mg

E mm

WILLIAM F. TRENARY, OF MARIETTA, GEORGIA.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 10, 1908. Serial No. 442,878.

To all whom it may concern:

, Be it known that I, WILLIAM F. TRENARY, of Marietta, in the county of Cobb, State of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps, of which the following is a specification.

I The object of my invention is to produce an improved machine for pumping materials of widely diverse kinds.

Pumps of the centrifugal type are employed not only for the delivery of substances in liquid form, devoid of solids, but are especially adapted for employment in conveying liquid charged with solids, such as sharp sand or grit, and supplying such liquid so charged to gang saws, rubbing-beds or the like in stone working machinery.

My pump is designed to promote the transmission of any and all substances in liquid form, except such as might produce injurious or destructive chemical action upon the material from which the pump is made, such as acids and the like.

It. is also adapted to pump not only wet sand and gravel, but even dry sand or the like.

The lining which is used with the present device is of a vitreous material, that is it partakes of the nature of glass.

In addition tothe scope of the invention as above indicated, provision is also made forlubrication of the shaft and its bearings by the use of water in such a manner as at the same time to lubricate and to ex elude abrasive substances from such surfaces of the machine as are subject to wear by the friction ordinarily developed in running machinery.

IVhat constitutes my invention in all its details will hereinafter be set forth in the specification. and succinctly described in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, Figure I is a front or end view of a preferred form of embodiment of my invention, showing the internal arrangements of the same in dotted lines. Fig. II is a central vertical longitudinal section of the same, some of the parts being shown in elevation. In this figure, the mounting of the driving shaft that adapted for ordinary oil lubrication, or in other words, the form of embodiment of my invention best adapted for the pumping ofliquids. Fig. III shows a partial view similar to Fig. II illustrating a modification of the invention, in which provision is made for water lubrication of the bearings of the shaft in place of the means of oil lubrication shown in Fig. II. Fig. IV is a front elevation .of the piston removed from its shaft, and showing a pait of its front wall broken away. Fig. V is a front elevation of the suctionhead lining detached, and Fig. VI is a vertical section of the same. Fig. VII is a view similar to Fig. V, showing the shell lining, and Fig. VIII is a view similar to Fig. VI showing a vertical section thereof. Fig. IX illustrates the main bearing member employed in a machine of the type shown in Fig. III with its bushing in place, ready for application to the shell, to which it is directly assembled, as shown in Fig. III. Fig. X is a perspective view of the peripheral vitreous metal lining that is shown in section in both Figs. II and III.

Referring'to the numerals on the drawmgs, 1 indicates a main shaft, which is preferably horizontally disposed in suitable bearings provided for it in uprights 2, 3, and 4, all mounted, for example and by preference, upon a bed-plate 5. The shaft 1 is designed to impart motion to a rotary piston 6, mounted upon that end of it which may be accordingly designated as its front end. A pulley 7, fixed to the shaft preferably between the uprights 2 and 3, may be employed for communicating rotary motion to the shaft.

The upriht 4 illustrated constitutes the rear wall 0 a shell, within which the piston 6 revolvcs,'and which is completed by a pcripheral wall 9, which is preferably cast, or otherwise formed, integrally with the wall 4, and by a front Wall or shell-head 10 de tachably secured, as by'a ring of bolts 11, to the peripheral wall 9. The walls 9 and 10 are preferably provided with flanges 12 and 13, respectively, for the convenient acco1nmodation of the bolts 11.

Constructivcly considered, the wall 4 is provided with a foot-plate 15, which, projecting at right angles from the wall 4, is secured, as by bolts 16, to the bcd-plate 5.

Around the shaft 1 and concentric therewith. the wall 4 is provided with a wall 18 defining a cup-shaped recess. The wall 18 is provided with an annular flange 19 and a flatface 20, which abuts againstthe face 21 of a stufling-box 22 and its flange 23, the flanges 19 and 23 being united by a ring of bolts 24. The stufiing-box is adapted to its Patented Feb. 14, 1911.

pipe not illustrated.- a

The shell-head 10 is provided with a flanged intake port 28'by which, through the aid of a flange 29, it may be attached inh manner as the flange 27 to a pipe (see Fig.

II) communicating with the source of supply of material to be delivered through the pump. The

usually employed in the construction of such machinery, it being of such weight and other qualities as may adapt it for the work it has to do, and taking into considerationthe internal pressure developed in service within the shell, which, .as specified, consists of the integral walls 4;;and 9, and the shell-head 10.

Formerly, in machines of this class, the shell with its head, and the piston 6 were all made substantially of ordinary iron or steel, but it was soon discovered that in practice the passage of abrasive material through the pump would speedily destroy it by abrasion,

the internal pressure developed within the pump tending, in a very short while, to cause the shell to burst. Thereupon resort was had to shell linings made of so-called hard metal. These linings, although composed of metal harder than that theretofore employed, was still of metal which could be machined, or otherwise dressed, after casting or molding into shape. These linings, although hard, nevertheless proved to be short lived.

To increase the durability and consequent efficiency of pumps of this class, I employ a special metal for the construction of the piston and all the portions of the shell within which the piston works and through whichthe material operated upon by the pump must come into contact, in passing through the intake port 28 into the interior of the shell and out through the outlet port 26.

The usual linings are made of three parts,

to wit, a suction-head lining 30, a shell-head lining 31, and a peripheral lining 32, the several members specified being conformable to the interior shape of the shell, as illustrated in the several detail views of the drawings in which those members are respectively illustrated, the peripheral lining being provided with an a erture 33 communicating with and con ormable' to the bore of the outlet port 26. The suction-head lining 30 is conformable, substantially, to'

the shape of the interior surface of the wall at, and, is provided like it, with a wall 34 defining a cup-shaped recess which fits into that defined by the wall 18. The shell-head members-above described may be constructed of any ordinary or preferred metal lining 31-is substantially a counterpart of the lining 30, except that in place of the wall 34 the lining 31 is provided with a cylinder 35, which fits within the bore of the intake port 28 and terminates substantially flush with its outer face and the face of its flange 29. Such is the nature of the machine, however, that it is necessary to provide a solid support all around for the peripheral lining 32 in order that it may sustain the internal pressure to which, in service, it is subjected. This pressure is very considerable. Besides the extreme brittleness of the vitreous material emphasizes the necessity of lending support to the peripheral lining.

It is impracticable to secure a snug or machine fit between the periphery of the lining 32 and the interior surface of the peripheral wall 9, for the reason that the huing 32, cannot be tooled or machine dressed. For that reason I make the outer periphery of the lining 32 at right angles to its side walls, as shown, for example, in Figs. I and II, and impart a slight inclination or outward flare to the inner surface of the peripheral wall 9. This affords a flaring pocket into which lining 32 of an approximate fit may be readily entered. This pocket extends, tapering inwardly, to the face of the wall 4, and in consequence surrounds with its thin edge the lining 30. Into this pocket, after the plates 30 and 32 are assembled within the shell, I provide a backing-ring or zone 37 of soft metal, such as lead, which, being melted, may be poured into the pocket,

gasket anchored to the shell and projecting beyond the surface of the lining 32, so that when. the shell-head 10 and its lining 31 are applied to it, the gasket facilitates the formsequently, it forms, in effect,,a compressible ing of a tight oint between the two parts of the shell under tension of the bolts 11.

It being desirable to employ the linings 30, 31, and 32, it is obviously of equal or .even greater importance to make the piston G of material equal in hardness with-the linings which surround it, but obstacles oppose the employment of vitreous material in the manufacture of the piston 6 similar to those which oppose the use of linings made of that material, to wit, the difiiculty of fitting one part to another. 4

In respect to the piston 6, it is necessary to firmly, truly,'and rigidly unite to the piston the front end of the, shaft 1. This cannot be accomplished by direct union between the shaft and a piston of vitreous metal, by reason of the intractable nature of the metal,'as has been specified. Accordingly, I make provision within the piston of a soIt metal center 38, which may be bored and shaped in any way required to fit the end of the shaft 1 to which it may be secured when so fitted, as by a nut 39, threaded to the end of tile shaft, and secured by a cotter key 40 inserted in registering apertures provided for it in the nut and in the shaft, respectively. By a soft metal center I do not, of course, mean soft metal like lead, for instance, but intend to designate only a comparatively soft and workable quality of iron or steel. In manufacture, the center 38 is properly set in the sand of the mold in which the piston is cast, and melted vitreous n'iaterial, at the right temperature, is poured in around it so that in the casting of the piston 6, the center is substantially incorporated with it and becomes a part of it. Peripheral grooves 41 are indicated in the center as a means of anchorage for the soft center within the vitreous metal surrounding it. After the piston with its soft center is removed from its mold, the metal of the center may be bored or shaped in any ordinary manner to fit it to the shaft 1, as specitied.

Pistons of the same general type as mine are well known in the art with one exception. The piston includes preferably a hub 42, within which the soft center 38 is incased, a back disk 43, and a front disk 44, the disks 43 and 44 being spaced and united by members which may be designated as blades 45, that are preferably cast integrally with the disks 43 and 44, and are disposed at regular intervals, with regular spaces between them, as shown in Fig. IV of the drawings.

The blades arefor the most part curvilinear in contour, as shown in Fig. IV, and inversely tapered, that is to say, they have wide bases which are disposed toward the outer periphery of the piston and wedge shaped inner ends 47, which are disposed toward the center of the piston, and terminate,

as shown in Fig. IV, substantially in line with the aperture 48 that is provided in the front disk 44 of the piston. This aperture 48 is circular in shape and a little greater in diameter thanthe bore of the cylinder 35 of the shell-head lining 31. Material to be pumped, entering through the. cylinder 35 from the pipe communicating therewith, enters the piston through the aperture 48, and in consequence of its rotation, is delivered and driven through the bore of the outlet port 26. v

' The curvilinear contour of the blades 47 is regarded in this art as affording the most eflicienttype of piston, the curves of the blades being shaped to give the greatest output of work for the least resistance. Radially disposed blades may be regarded as the least resistance to the rotation of the piston, but so great a diminution of resistance would occasion a proportionate loss of the working etliciency of the machine. The curvilinear contour is a compromise between the two extremes mentioned. I have discovered, however, that by providing each of the blades, near the outer periphery of the piston, with a plane surface 50, the eliiciency of the piston may be materially augmented. For convenience, l designate each of the plane surfaces 50 by the name paddleface. The angle of inclination of each paddleface 50 is material, and I prefer to locate it in a plane parallel to a radial plane coincident with the longitudinal axis of the shaft 1. This angle of inclination appears to constitute a paddle-face of the maximum efficiency, the reason being that the otlicc of the paddle-face is to drive the material which is delivered to it centrifugally into the shell which surrounds the piston. It is, therefore, necessary that the angle of inclination of each paddle-face and its extent be such as will take up so much material, as in being forcibly driven from it, may clear the opposing wall of the next adjacent blade. Otherwise, a conflict would ensue, which would tend to diminish rather than to increase the efficiency of the machine.

In order to make it possible to enlarge the area of each paddle-face to the maxi mum without interference of the delivery from one blade by the other, I cut away the next adjacent blade of the series, as indicated at 51, opposite to each paddle-face 50. By this means the clearance of the delivery from each paddle-face in the rotation of the piston is insured without the said delivery striking the end of the next blade in the series, and in that manner the full efficiency of the machine is realized.

Adverting now to the stuffing-box 22 previously alluded to, it is specified that the said stufling-box may be lined throughout the greater part of its length, as shown in Fig. II, with a bushing 55. The bushing may extend from the front face of the suction-head lining 30 to a packing-ring 56 that is driven by a gland 57 under tension of its bolts or screws 59 into the stufiingbox proper; The construction described is substantially that usually employed in machines of this character, with the exception that the bushing 55 having its protracted longitudinal extent securely anchored in the stufling-box, projects through the suctionhead lining 30 and becomes to it an alining member for holding it in true relationship to and out of contact with the main shaft 1.

In Figs. -III and 1X,howeve'r, I show that through which the shaft 1 passes.

aperture, as shown in Fig. III, is constricted I &

provision'for lubrication of the shaft .1, which is comprehended. by my invention as hereinbefore set forth in the general statefto an approximate or loose fit around the shaft 1, and of a diameter small enough to receive the end thrust of the bushing 61.

The bushing 61 is, in practice, driven end.- wise against the lining 63 .by the usual bolts of the gland 57 in such manner as to insure rigid assemblage of the members 61 and 63.

near its opposite ends with internal annular grooves 65 and 66, between which intimate communication is established through one or more, and preferably a plurality, of longitudinally disposed grooves 67 The grooves 67 may be arranged in any preferred manner with reference to the axis of the shaft 1, about which they are ranged in the innerface of the bushing 61. They are shownas parallel straight grooves, but may be made spiral or of any shape preferred. With one of the grooves 67, and through that-with all of them, including the annular grooves 65 and 66, communicates a water supply pipe 68, which derives a supply of water from a source not illustrated. The water fed through the pipe 68 being intended for the purpose of lubrication is intended to be free from sand or grit, or other deleterious matter, and is, introduced into the. interior of the bushing under a pressure suflicient to force a restricted but nevertheless substantial outflow between the.

contacting surfaces 'of the shaft 1 and the bushing 61 which surrounds it. The presence of the grooves'65, 66, and 67 within thebushing 61 around the shaft 1 keeps the shaftbathed for the most part in a reservoir of liquid lubricant, to wit, the water from the pipe 68. The said grooves, considered collectively, are termed occludent for the reason that they serve to confine the liquid lubricant, or water, against the shaft 1. Escape of the water on the one side is prohibited by the gland 57 and packing-ring 56, while at the other end of the bushing, its escape in volume, preferably restricted to mere seepage but of uniform distribution about the shaft-1, is purposely contrived in order that the presence of abrasive material The bushing 61- is provided preferably between the bearing surfaces of the pump may be prohibited, through the washing effect of a limited but constant outflow from the pipe 68; The volume'of said outflow is, in practice, determinable only by the work required of it.

Little additional description touching the mode of operation of my machine is deemed necessary in this instrument addressed to one skilled in the art. Suflice it to say that the parts, whatever be the form of embodiment of my machine preferred, being properly assembled, and rotary motion being imparted to the shaft 1 in the proper direction, the piston 6 is caused to rotate. In consequence of its rotation, it draws in through the intake port 28 the material to be delivered. to the pump, and discharges it with force through the outlet port 26. If the material that is being pumped be abrasive, its tendency to wear the working parts of the machine is restricted by their construction of Vitreous material, as specified, and the bearing parts of the machine are protected from such abrasives by; the employment of the lubricating devlce 1llustrated in Fig. III. It may be noted in this connection that the water supply from the pipe 68 of such lubricating device 1s not only inexpensive, but that its discharge nto the interior of the piston-shell rather tends the'machine, by commingling with and lending additional fluidity to the material that is being pumped, particularly if it be of abrasive nature and ry.

It maybe pointed out further that 1f any of the parts of the machine become IIIJIIIed 0r worn,-it is a simple matter to d1 sassemble the machine and substitute a new part with: out sending it to the shop for repair. There is no fitting required for any of the parts,

to-facilitate than otherwise the working of the introduction of the leaden backing-ring 37 with its gasket-like projecting edge being a simple operation which any ordinary mechanic can, with proper instructions, such as are herein contained, perform.

What I claim is:

'1. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with its rotary piston, shaft, and shell within which the piston works, of a peripheral lining fitting loosely within the shell, and a soft metal backing-ring introducedbetween I said lining and shell.

2.- In a centrifugal pum the combination with its rotary piston an shaft, of a shell for the piston comprising rear and peripheral walls, and a. detachable shell-head, a peripheral lining fitting loosely within the peripheral wall of the shell, and a soft metal backing-ring introduced between the peripheral wall and peripheral shell.

3. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with its rotary piston, shaft, and shell comprising rear and peripheral Walls and a detachable shell-head, of a suction-head lining,

a shell-head lining, a peripheral lining, and a soft metal backing-ring between the peripheral shell and its lining extending into contact with each of the other linings Whereby the parts may be solidly assembled as set forth.

4. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with its rotary piston, shaft and shell, the shell comprising a detachable shell -head and aninclined peripheral wall, of a peripheral lining within the peripheral wall and defining therewith a fiaring pocket, and a 'soft metal backing-ring, located in said a suction-head lining, a shell-head lining, and a peripheral lining assembled as speci tied, a soft metal backing-ring between the peripheral lining shell projecting upon opposite sides of said lining into operative contact with the suction-head lining and the shell-head lining, respectively.

7. As a part of a centrifugal pump, a ro tary piston provided with blades of curvilinear contour, each blade being provided adjacent to the periphery of the piston with a plane surface paddle-face, as specified.

8. As a part of a centrifugal pump, a 1'0- tary piston provided with blades of curvilinear contour, each blade being provided with a plane surface paddle-face on one side,

and a cut-away portion on the other for clearance effect in o oration, as specified.

In testimony wl ereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAIM F. TRENARY.

l/Vitnesses J osnrn L. A'rnms, CAROLINE OSBORN.

and peripheral wall of the

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