US981217A - Apparatus for generating steam or other vapors. - Google Patents

Description

E. c. NEWOOMB. I APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR OTHER VAPORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1902. RENEWED JULY 21, 1905-.

Patented Jan. 10, 1911 5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

E. G. NEWGOMB.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR OTHER VAPORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 1902. RENEWED JULY 21. 1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

%NESSES:

INVENTOR ATTO VEY sums-sum? a.

ATTORN EY 5 Patented Jan. 10,1911.

' INVENTOR' Q W BY- E. c. NEWGOMB. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR OTHER VAPQRS.

APPLIUATIOH FILED JULY 14, 1992. RENEWED JULY 21, 1905.

1:. 0. NEWOOMB. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR OTHER VAPORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14, 902. RENEWED JULY 21, 1905.

981 ,217.v 1 Patented Jan.10,1911.

.. 5 SHEETSSHEBT 4.

Q INVENTOR ATTORNEYS E. C. NEWCOMB. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR OTHER VAPORS.

APPLICATION PILED JULY 14, 1902. RENEWED JULY 21, 1905.

Patented Jan. 10,1911.

5 SHEETS SHEET 5.

stare rarest carton EDWABB C. NEWCOME, 0F JAMAICA PLAIN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR. TO THE NEWCOMB MOTOR COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

. APPARATITS" FOR GENERATING STEAM. OR OTHER VAPORS.

es ers.

Application fil eif July 14,

and State of Massachusetts, have invented:

certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Generating Steam or other Vapors, or which the following is a-speci-' fication.

My invention relates to the generation of steam or other vapor, and more particularly to certain forms of the inventions forming the subject matter ofU. S. Letters Patent numbered 704,907 and 704,908 and dat'ed July 15, I902, said Letters Patent having been granted upon applications pending herewith. i The objects of my present invention will y appear from the following dew scription. I p W Iy invention conslsts 1n the novel parts, improvements and combinations herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings which are re-- ferred to herein and forma part hereof illustrate several embodiments of my present invention, and serve in connection with the description herein to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly insect10n, illustrating anapparatus constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View illustrating forms of a generator and a,

burner adapted to form parts of the apparatus; Figs. 4c and 4* are respectively'a transverse and a vertical section of a detailof theburner; Fig. 5 is a plan view of a form of device adapted to supply water to the generator and fuel to the burner; Fl 's. 6

and 7 are vertical sectionalviews 0 the same, the sections being taken on the line 6-6 and 77, respectively, of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional View similar to that shown in Fig. 6, illustrating a modification; Fig. 9 is a sectional view illustrating a modified form of the apparatus; Fig. 10 is a sectional view illustrating the modified form of the feature of the apparatus shown in F i 9; and Fig. 11 is an enlarged diagrammatic view illustrating a form of fuel regulating valve adapted to be used in connection with the apparatus shown in Fig. 9.

NEWCOMB,

the variations in demand for and in substantially the same degree with This is accomplished by varying the supplies of a fluid to be heated rate" of; delivery thereof.

Specification of Iietters Patent. Patented Jan. 114), i911, 1992, @IiE-l No. 115,442. Renewed July 21, 1905. Serial N0. 276,739.

In accordance with the various forms of "my invention, the generation of the thermal energy is varied in substantial unison with thermal energy said variations.

and an agent for heating the same in substantial unison with the variations in the demand tor the thermal energy contained in the heated fluid, and each according to a definite quantitative relation to said variations. 'IZhatis to say, for every variation in the rate of delivery of the thermal energy contained in the heated fluid discharged from the generator, there are, variations produced in the respective supplies of the fluid to-beheated and ofthe agent for heating the same, and these-variations are produced in such time with relation to the variations otthe demand for, the thermal energy of the heated fluid, ahd'in such definite quantitative relations to such variations, that the rate of generation of the thermal energy equals the For example, if a'neii'isting demand or rate of delivery of .the thermal energy of the heated fluid is doubled, the su plies of the fluid to be heatediand the increased that double the amount of thermal energy is generated per unit of time.

eating agentare both so Should it be desired to have the condition of the heated fluid vary as to temperature or pressure, or both, with different rates of deli-very of thermal ener relations between the edective supplies of the fluid to be heated and the agent for heating the same and the demand forthermal energy would be' so determined as to bring about this result. l vhere it is desired'to deliver the heated fluid in a substantially unva'rying condition astoboth temperature and pressure, the supplies of both the liquid to be heatedandthe agent for heating the same are varied in such manner that the efi'ective supplies ofboth vary in substantial unison with the variations of demand for the thermal energy of the heated fluid del ivered, and substantially in the same degree with said variations.

in accordance with the preferred embodiments of 'my'inve'ntion, the supplies of the fluid to be heated and ot the agent for heating the same are automatically varied by ,the quantitative variations in the condition of the fluid being heated.

In accordance with the present embodiment of the invention, as to most of its features, the supplies of the fluid to be heated and of the agent for heating the same are controlled by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated.

As applied to an apparatus for generating steam or other vapor, my present invention would be embodied in an apparatus comprising a combustion chamber, a suitable gen erator arranged in coiiperative relation with the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to said generator, means for supplying a fuel to said combustion'chamber and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for varying the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for the thermal energy of the steam or vapor dclivered by the apparatus and according to definite quantitative relations to said variations.

F or the sake of'clearness and brevity, l have herein referred to the variations of the thermal energy of the steam or vapor delivered by the apparatus as the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy.

in accordance with one form of my pres ent invention, the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel may be regulated directly by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated. In accordance with another form, the supply of the liquid is directly regulated by the variations in temperature, the supply of the fuel being regulated indirectly by variations in a'con dition of the fluid being heated resulting from variations in the flow of said fluid or by variations in any other condition of the fluid which varies simultaneously with the flow and according to a known law.

llileans are preferably providedwhereby the relations between the effective supplies of the liquid and the fuel and the demand for the thermal energy developed thereby may be varied so as to control the temperature or the pressure, or, in other words, the thermal energy of the steam or vapor do livcred by the apparatus, and, where a very accurate or a pre-determined regulation of the thermal energy of the steam or vapor is desired, means are provided for automatically controlling such relation. 1 The means herein shown and described for accomplish ing this result: form an important feature of the present invention, and so far as this feature is concerned, it is immaterial what means are employed for effecting the automatic regulation of these supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

In practice, a fluid fuel, or a fuel which can be controlled as fluids are controlled,

should be used, in order that the quantity of the heat developed may be accurately regulated and quickly varied to correspond to the variations of demand for the thermal energy of the steam or vapor delivered.

It is not to be understood by the term substantial unison as used herein, that the relative variations in the supply, demand, or condition of the fluids are strictly simultaneous. The essential in this regard is that the variations are produced promptly enough to maintain the apparatus in a practieally pie-determined condition. The expressions definite quantitative relation and predetermined quantitative relation, as used herein, are not to be understood as necessarily referring to unchanging relations between the supplies or flows of the fluids and the demand for thermal energy, for that relation may be made a varying one. lt is intended that these expressionsshall, include within their scope such relations between the supplies of the fluids as will produce practically uniform results. Where, for example, the eficiency of the apparatus varies materially with the demand, the pre determined relations between the supply of the fluid to be heated and the heating agent may be so established as to com ensate for the variations in the efficiency of the apparatus and to deliver the heated fluid at the desired temperature at all times.

Referring now toithe drawingsin detail, and at first to Figs. 1 and 2, 1 represents a suitable frame upon which various parts of the apparatus are mounted, said frame being represented in the form of the body of a carriage adapted to be used as an automobile.

The generator, which will be more'fully described hereinafter, is mounted in a suitable casing 2, and is connected by a steam delivery pipe 3 with a motor 4:, which may be of any suitable construction. Preferably, however, it is such as is adapted to use superheated steam.

3 indicates a throttle valve for controlling the supply of steam to the motor.

The exhaust pipe 5 of the motor is preferably connected to a suitable air cooled. condenser, 6, which is located below the frame 1, and through which a draft of air is directed by means of the hood 7, the water of the condensation being delivered through the outlet pipe 8. Any other form of con denser may, of course, be used.

Suitable feed water and fuel supply tanks are shown at 9 and 10, respectively.

11 indicates an outlet for the products of combustion, said outlet communicating with a transversely arranged escape pipe 12.

The means for supplying the waterto the generator and the fuel to the burner illustrated in these views, consists of a pair of pumps, said pumps being formed in a cascombustion chamber.

" pipe 22.

The fuel pump is connected to the supplytank by a pipe 21, and to the burner by a Any suitable form of burner adapted to utilize a fluid fuel may be used. The burner shown is constructed to utilize a liquid fuel, means being provided to va-' porize the liquid and mix the vapor with a suitable proportion of-air before the combustion takes place. This burner consists of two plates 2;; and 2'6separated to form a chamber for the fuclmixturesaid plates being connected by a multiplicity of tubes, 27, which form passages for the air necessary to support' combustion. As shown, each of the tubes 27 is constructed at its upper end to form between it and the edge of the I coil 42, as required in'starting the apparatus, a suitable receptacle 46 is formed in the casting 47, which connects the lower end of the tubes 28 and-29 with the plate 26 of the opening in the plate 25 an annular series of passages to-admit the fuel mixture to the The fuel -mixture is supplied to this distributii'ig'head of the burner by mixing tube 28 which, as shown,

passes down through'the combustion chain-- be'rand communicates with the distributing chamber at a central point, and at right angles-"to the general plane of said cham;

her. "The tube 23 is preferably shielded from the direct heat of the combustion chamber by a tube 29, which is somewhat larger than the tube 28,- and is arranged con ccntrically tl'ierewith so as to form an air chamber around the inner tube. In order that the air supplied to the mixing tube 28 may besuitably heated, the.top of said tube is inclosed by a casing 30, and the air chainber formed between the tubes 28 and 29 is placed in communication with the top-of the tube 28, the lower end of said air chamber being placed in communication with a central series of air tubes 31,-as shown.

The fuel is delivered into the mixing tube by a nozzle 32, the opening through which may be regulated by a suitable valve member 33. The nozzle 32 is formed on a suitable casting 34, which is secured in a central recess of the top of the casing 2. This casting is preferably made hollow to form a pressure equalizing chamber. for the fuel and vapor. The fuel supply pipe 22, in accordance with the construction shown, is threaded into the upper end of a vertical passage 36 formed in one of the side walls of the casting 34. To form a vaporizer for the "normal flame atfthe burner to replace the heat lost by radiation, and to start the apparatus and keep it in an active condition when it is temporarily outof use, the valve member 33 is made hollow and is placed in conununication through passages 40 and 41 in the casting 34 with an auxiliary vaporizing coil 42 which is connected at one end to the passage 41, and at the oppositeend to a vertical passage 43 in the casting 34. The upper end of the passage-43 is connected by a pipe 44 with the fuel supply pipe 21 on the suction side of the pump, a suitable valve 45 preferably being provided to regulate this auxiliary fuel supply.

Forjthe purpose of vaporizing fuel in the burner. This receptacle is adapted to hold a srnall quantity of a suitable inflammable liquid which may be supplied through a pipe "48 passing downwardly through an opening49 in. the casting-'34. The lower surface'of the distributingchamber of the .burnerflisprotected bya suitable guard '50 and screen 51'. r I

While some of the advantages of my invention may be realized byftheus'e ofvari-' ous types'of gencratorsin connection with the apparatus embody ng my invention. the

best results can only be attained as will hereafter more fully appear, by the use of a generator in which the liquidis gradually heated from its point of entrance to the point vwhere it is substanti-ally all transformed -1nto vapor. and in which only a small quantity of the liquid is maintained at the temperature of vaporization corre sponding to the pressure at which the ap-' paratus is operated. In accordance with this embodiment of the apparatus, the generator consists of a continuous passage so arranged with relation to the combustion chamber and so connected with the liquid supply that the fluid being heated is caused to flow through the generator in a direction opposite to the flow of the products of combustion. Such a generator will have a liquid heating portion in which the liquid is gradually heated up to the temperature communicates with the nozzle tion.

As shown in the drawings, see Fig. the generator is formed of a plurality of pipe coils, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 and 57 which preterably, and as shown, are trusto-conical in form, and are so arranged,vertically, one within the other around a combustion cham her as to present the greatest mass or depth of heat absorbing surfaces to the direct or natural path of the heated gases and prodnets of combustion as they flew from the combustion chamber. The coils are con nected in series to form a single continuous passage preferably by separable connections 58, 5t), (30, 61 and (52, all of which, as shown, are arranged at the outer part of the mass of heat absorbing surfaces, in such position as not to be subjected to the hottest portions of the products of combustion. he outermost coil 52 is connected at the top to the teed water supply pipes 17, and the innermost coil 57 is connected at the top to the steam pipe 3. The outer coils thus constitute the liquid heating portion, and the inner coils the vaporizing and super-heat ing portions of the generator. By reason of this construction the water is caused to flow gradually and uniformly from the colder portion of the generator to the hotter portion thereof, and the stream is prevented from breaking up, so that bodies of water, as such, are not' driven to the inner coil or coils, as might. happen it the coils were less uniformly heated and the water is prevented from flowing by gravity to the inner coil or coils. With this construction also the products of combustion are uniformly subjected to the action of successively cooler heat absorbing surfaces, the heat being thus perfectly absorbed. As shown", all the coils are substantially the same in diameter at their lower ends, and they are successively shorter from the inner one toward the outer one so that when as sembled they substantially conform to the shape of the cylindrical casing 52. By this arrangement, moreover, all of the products of combustion must. pass between the turns of all the coils in succession, from the outermost coil to the innermost coil, shields 6 3 and (34 being provided at the top and sides of the coils as shown, to insure this action. By reason of this construction, furthermore, the total area of the passages be tween the convolutions of the successive coils is gradually decreased in conformity with the deceased in volume of the outflowing products of combustion, the speed of the latter and the consequent heat arbsorbing etiiciency of the surfaces being maintained at a maximum.

While six coils are shown, it is obvious that a greater or less number may be used, if desired; There should be a suliicient number of coils, however, to form an etiicient mass of heat absorbing surfaces and to insure a suitable temperature gradient be tween the successive,,coils and to maintain the etliciency of the generator as unitorm as possible for all variations in the demand for steam or vapor within the capacity or the apparatus. It may be observed generally, moreover, that the coils should be so constructed and connected that the water cannot flow directly from a colder portion. to a much hotter portion of the generator, and that the water should be brought to the boiling point at some part of the generator where its flow at that point is not appreciably afi'ected by gravity.

One form of the construction for supplying liquid to the generator and fuel to the burner is shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7.. lin ac cordancewith this construction a pump is provided. for supplying water to the gen erator, and a pump is provided for supplying fuel to the burner, and means are provided for varying the efitective deliveries of said pumps in such manner that the supplies of both the water and the fuel are varied in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in pre-determined quantitative relations to said variations of demand. Re terring now to these figures, is the plun ger for the water pump, and 'l'l the plunger for the fuel pump. The plunger 70' 1s pretterably connected directly to the connecting rod 14 by a pivot 72, and the plunger 71 is operated in unison with the plunger 70, by means of an arm 73, which is rigidly connected with the plunger [0. ln order that v motion is provided between the plunger 7L and the arm'73. As shown, the plunger 71 is provided with "the fixed collar 74 on one side of the arm and an adjustable collar consisting of a pair of jam nuts 75 threaded on the plunger, at the opposite side of the arm. Suitable glands or stalling boxes, "Z6 and 77, are provided for the plungers and as the friction of the stuthng box does not in any way affect the displacement of the plungers, they may be packed as tightly'as may be desired to prevent leakage.

The clearance space for the fuel plunger 71 communicates with the transverse pas sage 78, whichin turn communicates at one end with the suction valve 79, and at the -which are shown in Fig. 5.

F or the purpose of controlling the efiective deliveries of the water and fuel pum sby the temperature of the fluid being eated, each of the pumps is provided with a relief valve, by which the water or fuel drawn into the pump chamber upon the suction stroke may be delivered back to the supply pipe, and means are provided for opening both said relietvalves whenever the temperature of thefiuld rises above a pre-determined point. In accordance with the construction shown, a relief valve casing consisting of a plug 86 is threaded into an opening communicating with the clearance space of the water pump. The inner end of the plug 86 18 provided with a valve seat,

on which the inwardly opening valve 87 is,

adapted to be seated. The valve 87 is pro vided With an outwardly extending stem 88,

which passes through a suitable gland 89 and is provided at its outer end with a head 90, between which and the gland 89 a compression spring 91 is confined., 'A similar valve casing 92, valve 03, stem 94, head 95 and spring96 are provided for the fuel pump. The delivery sides of the relief valves 87 and93 are connected with the and 98 respectively.

supply passages of the-pumps by the by-' passes 9 Any suitable means may be provided for opening the relief valves when a pre-deten mined temperature of the thud being heated has been reached. As shown, a lever, 100. is

suitably pivoted at 101 in alinement with the two relief valves. said lever being provided with set screws 102 and 103 by which the contact with the heads 90 and of the relief valves may be adjusted. An arm 101 of the leyer isv pivotally connected to the free endof a Bourdon tube 105, which is rigidly fixed at its opposite end to the pump casing 13, as shown. The Bourdon tube is connected by a suitable capillary pipe 106 withv a saturated-vapor-tcnsion thermostat 107 which is interposed at a suitable predetermined point in the generator. The thermostat 107 consists of a hermetically closed receptacle formed of a material which is capable of rapidly transmitting the heat of the fluid coming in contact with the outside thereof to a suitable fluid contained therein and capable also of withstanding great internal pressures. As shown, the thermostat is located in a suitable casing 103, which forms a connection between the upper ends of the coils and 50 of the generator. The thermostat is hern'ietically closed and is preferably provided with a suitable filling tube 109 by which the fluid therein may be replaced.

llith a generator constructed as shown and described, it will be seen that when a flow of steam or vapor is created or when an existing flow is increased, the pressure in the generator immediately begins to fall, and the liquid therein, which is at the tomperature of vaporization, corresponding to the higher pressure, immediately begins to vaporize and also 'a fall in temperature corresponding to the temperature of vaporization of the Vapor at the reduced pressure. This process continues until the supplies of the liquid and heat are increased by the action of the liquid and fuel supplying devices to correspond to the new flow or demand. When the flow of steam or vapor is thus created or increased the sudden development of the vapor within this small portion of liquid due tothe drop in pressure, projects a portion of the liquid in the form of a spray toward the delivery orifice and to such a distance as to render ofiective a sufficient area of heating surface to supply the demand for steam and, if the generator is sufliciently heated, the vapor will pass the saturation point and become superheated. The distance to which the spray is projected along the tubes even for small demands for steam or vapor must be quite considerable in View of the fact that a very large per centpof the heat supplied to the liquid in passing through the generator'goes to supply the latent heat of vaporization. The portion of the generator occupied by this spray constitutes, therefore, the vaporizing portion of the generator and. as there is always present in this portion of the generator more or less of the liquid, the temperature and pressure of the fluid must be the same at all parts thereof, and they must vary inversely with the variations of demand. 1", therefore, the thermostat is located at any point in the vaporizing portion of the generator, the temperature thereof and the corresponding pressure of the fluid therein must vary inversely and in substantial unison with the variations 01 demand for steam or vapor energy. thermostat were placed in the superhcating portion of the generator, this operation would not take place for the reason that the temperature ol the superl'ieated steam tends to vary directly with the rapidity of the "low thereof east the heatin surfaces.

Upon an increase in the demand for steam,

therefore. the temperature of the superheated steam during the change would tend to and often would increase rather than do crease. The temperature oi" the water in the portion of the boiler does not ly with changes in for steam or vapor to operate the the thermostat and the regulator connected therewith in substantial unison with the variations of demand 1 preferably, therefore, locate the thermostat for controlling the effective delivery of the pumps at some point in the generator which, when the apparatus is in operation constitutes the. vaporizing portion of the generator, and T regard this feature as an important feature of my invcntion.

l l hile the above described means for supplying the water and the fuel and for varying those supplies in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor is preferred, this result may be accomplished in other ways. In acco dance with the form of apparatus shown in ig; 9, the supply of the liquid to the generator is varied by means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated in such manner as to vary the supply of liquid in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in a definite quantltative relation to said variations of demand, and means rendered operative by variations in some condition of the liquid or the fluid being heated which varies directly with the flow thereof are provided for main taining predetermined relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel. In accordance with this construction, a pump is provided for supplying the liquid to the generator, and means are rovided for automatically varying the e ective delivcry of the pump. As shown, the pump consists of a casin 110, Which may be secured directly to the motor casing in such a position that the plunger 111 may be continuously reciprocated by a pitman 112 receiving motion from a crank 113 directly connected to the motor shaft. 11-1 represents the suction valve of the pump, and 115 the delivery valve, through which the feed pipe 111 leading to the generator, communicates. Any suitable means may be provided for varying the effective delivery of the pump. The means shown consist of a counter-plunger 117, which is mounted in a suitable bore of the casing, and which communicates with the working chamber of the plunger 111. The plunger 117 is yieldingly held at the limit of its stroke in the direction of the plunger 111 by any suitable means, as by a compression spring118, which is confined between a, head 119 of the casing extension 120 and acollar 121, fixed to a spindle 122 hearing at its lower end in the center of the plu1'1gcr,'and passing at its upper end loosely through the head 1:19. The spring 118 is preferably only strong enough to overcome the friction and the inertia of the plunger 117 and cause it to promptly follow ,the plunger 111 on the suction stroke. 11; Will be seen that unless the upward movement of as shown in lbig. 10.

estuary the plunger 11? is limited in some Way, it will act to take up the liquid displaced by the plui'iger 111, and will prevent the latter from forcing the liquid to pass the check valve 115 toward the generator. Any suitable means adapted to be rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the fluid being heated may be provided for limiting the movement of the plunger 117. As shown in Fig. 9, a movable block 123 is ar ranged to slide ,between the upper end of the spindle 122 and'a part 124. rigidly connected to the head-119 The block 123 is pivotally connected at one end to a lever 125, which is acted upon by a spring 126 in such a manner as to normally press the block out of the line of the spindle 122. The block 123 is moved in the opposite direction by a Bourdon-tube 127, which is rigidly fixed at one side of the casing 120 and is pivotally conncted at its opposite end to an adjusting screw 128, which bears at its free end on the lever 125 in opposition to the spring 126. The Bourdon tube is connected by a capillary pipe 129 with a saturated vapor tension thermostat 130, which is preferably sim' ilar in construction to the thermostat 10?, described in connection with. the previous form of device and like thermostat 107 is located in the vaporizing part of the generator. The Bourdon tube is normally put under tension in such a manner that it overcomes the force of spring 126, and keeps the block 123 in the path of the spindle 122, so-that the'counter-plunger 117 is retained at the lower limit of its stroke, and the volume of water equal to the full displacement of the plunger-111 is forced into the generator at each delivery stroke of the pump. When the temperature in a vaporizing porton of the generator reaches a predetermined amount, the pressure developed in the therinostat will extend the Bourbon tube 127 and permit the spring 126 to move the block 123 out of the path of the spindle 122, and thus interrupt the effective delivery of the pump. The predetermined relation between the supply of the fuel and the supply of the water being maintained. the temperature of the fluid being heated will decrease, and the tube will again act to prevent the movement of the ominter-plunger 117. and cause a fresh su ply of liquid and fuel to be delivered to t e generator.

if desired, the quantity of liquid, supplied by the pump to the generator during each delivery stroke may be varied, instead of having thepump operate upon the hit and miss principle, above described. To bring about this resdlt, it is only necessary to substitute for the block 123, a block 133 having a tapered portion 134 adaoted to coiiperate with the end of the spin lo 122,

any suitable means may be provided for of a casin described in myco-pending application, No.

63555, filed June 7, 1901, is used for this purpose. As shown, this regulator consists 140 having a suitable bore, in which is fitted apiston 141. The upper end of the casing-is inclosed by a head 142, through which a piston rod 143 passes, by means of which rod'the motion of the piston is communicated through a lever 144 pivoted on the head of the casing 2, and

provided at an intermediate point with a.

needle valve member 145 adapted to cooperate with the opening in the nozzle 146 to regulate-the supply of the fuel to the' burner. The piston 141 is normally held at the lower limit. of its stroke by a tension spring 147, which is located in the casing tension'148, and is connected at'one end .to the piston, and at its opposite end to an adjusting screw 149. At one side of the piston 141 a chamber is provided in the cas; ing, in which is located a restricted passage 150, the opening through" which passage may be varied by -.a'.needle valve member I .151. The opposite sides'of the piston 141 are placed in communication withthe chamber at the opposite, sides of the restricted passage 150. The'deliverypipe 116 of the pump is placed in communication wit-h the casing. below the pist0n'141, andthe casing at-the upper side of the piston is. placed in free communication with the-'"generator' by a plpe 152. c a v It will be seen that the u per area of the piston 141 less the, area 0 the pistourod 143 .is at all times subjected to the-pressure in the generator, and that the entire lower area of the? piston 141, when it. is out of contact with thecasing 140, is subjected to a pressureequalltothat in the generator, plus an amountssufiicient to overcome the resistance offeredby the, passage 150. The tension of the spring 147 is so adjusted that when the piston 141 is at the lower limit or zero point. of- ;its stroke, the force of the spring will equa -the force exerted by .he

pressure intlie generator upon an area equal to that of thepiston rod 143. It follows Q from this construction =and arrangement that, whenthc pump is started,- the piston 141 will be lifted from its seat. and a flow of waterfrom the pump to the generator -'will take place. The restricted passage 150 will then giv'e rise to a difference in pres sure on opposite .sldes of the piston 141,

which wil cause the piston to move, and with' the sprii'lg connected and adjusted, as described, the distance of the piston 141 from the zero point at any instantwill be directlyproportional to this difference in.

pressure. As the velocity of a fluid through a passage varies'with the square root of the difference in pressure-on opposite sides of the passage, itwill be seen that the distance of the piston 141 from the zero point will vary directly as the square of the velocity 150 and, for any ad ustment of the area of that passage, directly as the square of the volume of the flow through said passage. The pressure on the fuel supply being uniform, the fuel valve should be so constructed that the effective opening there-through will vary with the square-root of the distance moved thereby, as measured from the closed position, in order that the volume of -the fiow of the fuel may vary directly with the volume of the flow of liquid through the generator, and in the same degree. InLFig. 11 is diagrammatically illustrated a valve member shapedto produce this result. Assuming that the orifice in the nozzle-146 presents a thin circular edge, as indicated in this figure, the valve should .have a circular cross-section, which-decreases in diameter from the base of the valve toward the being expressed by the formula d.= l m, in which (Z is the diameterof the valve at any point, m is the corresponding distance from the base or zero point (1- of the opening of the valve and l is the maximum length of the movement of the'valve.

\Vhile the movement of the piston 141 always varies directly with, and is dependent'upon the variations in the flow of liquid that, where the liquid is supplied to-th'c generator under a substantially uniform pressure, he piston is, in effect, operated directly with and by thev variations of the pressure in the generator, or, in other words, with the variations in the condition as to the valve member, by which the how of fuel is regulated. be located at the nozzle of the burner, in order that a uniform difference in pressure is maintained at all times on opposite sides of the valve, and a perfect regulation of the fuel thus secured. By reason of this arrangement, moreover, vthe velocity of the fuel at the nozzle being constant, the quantity of air-entrained thereby will tend to vary directly with the body or mass of the fuel, and a -uniform performance of the burner be thus secured.

Where the eflieiency of the apparatus varies with the variations of demand for steam 4 or vapor energy, the shapeof the. fuel valve needle may be suitably varied to compensate for the variations in'the efficiency of the a paratus. or to maintain the effective supp ies of the liquid and-the fuel in the dcof the fluid flowing through the passageapexthereof, the lower decrease in diameter pressure of the fluid being heated. With. this form of regulator, it is importantthat' through the regulator, it is to be observed Y varies according to a known law with the' variationsjn the efficiency of the apparatus. In accordance with the construction shown,

- the needle member 151 is connected to'the free end of a Bourdon tube 155, the opposite end of which is connected by a suitable capillary tube 156 to a saturated vapor tension thermostat 157, which may be, and as shown is, similar in construction to the thermostatsl07 and 130. In order that the pressure developed in this thermostat may vary as uniformly as possible with the variations in the eificiency of the generator, and may not be disturbed by the variations in the demand for steam or vapor energy, it is preferably located in such a predetermined point or position in the generator as to be acted upon by .the contents ofthe. liquid heating portion thereof. A convenient position for the thermostat, in the gene 'ator shown. is between the upper ends of the coils and 54. The particular location of this thermostat is regarded as an important feature of my presentinvention', and so far as this feature is concerned. it is immaterial in whatman-ner the supplies of the liquid and the fuel are controlled.

In Fig. 8 is illustrated a construction wherelrv the predetermined relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel may be automatically varied when the double pump construction is used. In accordance with this construction, a pinion 100 is threaded on the lower end of the fuel plunger 71, said pinion being adapted to mesh with a sliding rack 161, and being suiticiently elongated to k'eep in mesh with the rack during the full stroke of'tho plunger. The rack is connected with the arm 102 of a lever, ,the other arm 162-3 of which is normally pressed in a direction to reduce the stroke of the plunger 71 by a spring 16st. The arm 163 is pressed in the opposite direction by an adjusting screw 105. which is threaded in the free end of a liourdon tube lot thefixed end of which is connected by a capillary tube 167 with a thermostat, which is preferably similar in con- Stl'lltfl'lfill'lt) thermostat .157 and like that thermostat located in 'the water heating part of the generator. The lioul'don tube lt3(' is normally under a strain sufficient to overmum the tension of the spring 104 and movethe pinion in a direction to lengthen the stroke of the plunger. \Vhen the ctliciency of the generator increases, the temperature of the theri'nostat connected with the Bourdon tubeltit will be raised, and the spring 164 will then be permitted to move the rack 1(11 and pinion 160 in such direction as to reduce'the proportion of the fuel. A decrease in etiiciency will produce an opposite effect.

The operationof the various mechanical features of the apparatus shown having been described in connection with the construction thereof, it only remains to point out how the different parts of'the apparatus operate to produce the desired result.

As the quantity of the liquid which is maintained in the generator at the temperature of vaporization is small, the point in the'gencrator where the liquid is turned into spray is sharply defined, and as the mixed spray and steam cannot absorb heat from the surface as readily as theliquid, a con-. siderably greater difference in temperature must exist between the spray and the metal than between the water and the metal, and as the spray and water have the same temperature at this point, there must be a marked increase in the temperature potential of the metal. \Vhen the liquid in the form of the spray projected farther along the-vaporizing portion of the generator on an increase-in the demand for the vapor, the hotter portions of the metal are brought promptly into action to momentarily supply the increase in the demand, and to prevent such a sudden drop in the temperature and pressure as would temporarily destroy the proper relation between the supply and demand. \Vhen a decrease in demand occurs, the spray, which has been projected alon the vaporizing portion of the generator an suspended in the vapor contained therein, will be more rapidly precipitated upon the hotter metal and cause a prompt rise of tempe 'ature and pressure, and this process will continue until the supplies of liquid and heat are decreased by theaction of the regulating devices to correspond with the new demand. Thus, prompt and active forces are developed that can be made, and are made by the apparatus described, to accurately control the flow of the fluid. The apparatus described, moreover, will act to automatically regulate'the quantity of liquid in the generator, so that, .no special means are required .to accomplish this result. The

accomplish this result may be explained as follows: ghould the quantity of liquid in the generator, for any reason, be greater than the quantity normal to a given ratio between the supplies of the liquidand the fuel, the vaporizing portion of the generator will be immersed in an abnormally hot region, and the temperature potential of the metal will be abnormally high. This will result in the maintenance of a higher aver- .sure and temperature, due to a decrease of demand, will begreater in degree and more prompt. The regulating devices, therefore,

will cause less fluid to be supplied to the generator than is taken therefrom, while there is too -much liquid in the generator. On the other hand, should the quantity of liquid in the generator be less than the quantity normal to a given ratio, the vaporizing portion of the generator will be immersed in a' cooler region, and the temperature potential of-the metal will be below normal. ",On an increase in demand,

therefore, the drop in pressure and temperature will be greater in degree, and more prompt than normal, and the increase in pressure and temperature, due to a decrease of demand will be less in degree, and less prompt; in other words, the average of pressure andtemperature will be less than normal. Consequently, the supply of liquid to the generator will be greater than normal, and will so continue until a condition of equilibrium is attained.

It will thus be seen that the rate of variation and the controlling condition of the fluid in the generators varies inversely as the quantity of liquid in the generator varies, the tendency being to normally maintain such a quantityof liquid in the generator as will cause the regulating devices to vary the supply .of liquid to the same extent 1 weight for weight that the demand for supplies of the li steam or vapor varies. It is clear, therefore, that so long as a pro er predetermined .relation is maintained between the eflective uid-and fuel, and so long as the supplies substantial unison with the variations of demand, the internal condition of the generator remains substantially fixed, and the steam or. vapor. is delivered at a practically unvarying temperature and'pressure, and this irrespective of any variations of de mand within the capacity of the apparatus,

and also, that the capacity'of the apparatus is only limited by the capacity of the liquid and fuel supplying devices and the quantity of heat that'may be rendered effective in the combustion chamber, and still maintain a substantially uniform distribution of the heat throughout the generator.

It will be obvious that the quantity of liquid in the generator will vary with variations in the ratio which ismaintained beboth fluids are'varied in' tween the supplies of the liquid and the fuel, the point of vaporization always being located ina portion of the generator, the temperature of which closely approximates the temperature of vaporization corresponding to the pressure at which the apparatus is operated.

My invention, in its broader aspects, is not limited. to the particular constructions 1 shown, nor to the particular constructions by which it may be carried into effect, as many changes other than those herein suggested may be madein such construction without departing from the main principles of my invention, and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

The generator and the burner, andthe specific forms'of the devices for supplying the fluid in other specific constructions herein shown and described, ,are not claimed herein, as the same form the subject-matter of separate applications.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to'secure by Letters Patent is A q 1. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combus-' 2. In an apparatus for generating steam 5 or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable generator ar ranged in cooperative relation with the same,

of means for'supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in theoondition as to temperature of the fluld being heated for automatically varying said supplies 1n such a manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid' and the; fuel vary in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam' or vapor energy and substantially in 1 definite quantitative relations to said variations of demand.

3. In vanapparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitablegenerator arranged in cooperative'relation with the same, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the-combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for varying the supplies ofboth the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of dew mand for steam or vapor energy and substantially-in the same degree with said va- 5 riations of demand.

4. in an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion 1 chamber and a suitable generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature 1 of the fluid being heated for automatically varying said supplies in such a manner that the effectivesupplies-of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially the same degree with the variations of said demand.

5. ln an'apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable generator arranged inoooperative relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to the genera" tor, said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated to automatically vary the effective supply of the liquid in substantial unison with the variations of the de mand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in a definite quantitative relation to said Variations of demand, means for sup-J plying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies ofliquid and the fuel. v

6. lln an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustionchamber and a suitable generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, of" means for supplying a liquid to the generator,'said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition asto temperature of the liquid being heated to automatically vary the efiective supply of theliquid to be' heated in substantial unison with the variations ofdemand for steam or vapor energy and in substantially the same degree'with said variations of demand,means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

7. in an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the -combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to the genera tor, said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated to automatically vary the supplyiofI-theliquid insubstantial unison with the variations ,of demand fon steam orvapor energy and Isubstanti the same degree withhthe variations o demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition of the fluid being heated for regulating the supply of the fuel in substantial unison with the variations in the supply of the liquid and substantially in a definite quantitative relation to said variations of supply.

8. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable .generator arranged in cooperative relation wit-hthe same, of means for supplying a liquid to the generator, said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated to automatically vary the supply of the liquid in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in the same degree with the variations of said demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation betweemthe supplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means for varying the relation between saidrsupplies.

9. In an apparatus for generating steam or'vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, 9f nieansffor supplying a liquid to the generator, said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition as totemperaturepf-the fluid being heated to automaticallyl' -yary the supply of the liquid in substantialunisonwith the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in the same degree with said variations of demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustionchamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for varying the relation between said' supplies.

10. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a suitable generator arranged in codperative relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to the generator, said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition as to-temperatui'e of the fluid being heated to automatically vary the supply of the liquid in substantial-unison with thevariations of de mand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in the same degree with said variations of demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending to maintain. a predetermined quantitative relation'between thesupplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means including a saturated-vapontension thermostat operated by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid bein heated for varying the relation between sai supplies.

11. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to the generator,

means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered opera tive by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for automatically varying the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in definite quantitative relation to said variations of demand, said generator being. of a type in which only a small portion ofthe liquid is maintained at the temperature of vaporization.

12. In an apparatus for generating steam or vaoor, the combination with a combustion cham er and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, ofmeans for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying la fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature ofthe fluid being heated for automatically varying the supplies of both the liquid and .the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in the same degree,

with said variations of demand, said generator being of a type in which only a small portion of the liquid is maintained at the temperature of vaporization.

13. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor and delivering the same in a substantially unvarying condition as to the energythereof, the combination with a combustlon chamber and a generator arranged in'cobperat-ive relation with the same, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for automatically varying said supplies'in such manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the variations of, demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially the same degree with said variations of demand, said generator being of the type in which only a small portion of the'liquid is maintained at the temperature of vaporization.

14. Inan apparatus forgenerating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber anda generator arranged in cooperat-ive relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel .to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition asto temperature of the fluid being heated for automatically varying the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and in substantially definite quantitative relations to said variations of demand, said generator being so constructed and arranged with relation to the combustion chamber that the fluid therein is gradually heated and said temperature operated means being located at such a position in the generatorthat for a given variation of demand the position varies inversely as the quantity of liquid in the generator varies.

15. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in 006p *erative relation with the same, of means for supplying a liquid to thegencrator, means for supplying a fuel. to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for automatically varying said Supplies in such aanauner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and in substantially definite quantitative relation to said variations of demand, said generator being so constructed and arranged with reference tothe combustion chamber that the fluid therein is gradually heated and said temperature operated means being so located in the generator thatv for a given variation of demand the rate of variation of the temperature at that location of the fluid in the generator varies inversely as the quantity of liquid varies.

16. In an apparatus for gcnera'tingsteam or vapor and delivering the samci-n a substantially unvarying condition as to the energy thereof, the combination with a combustionchamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the'combus tion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the condition as to temperature of the fluid being heated for automatically varying said supplies in such a manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary insubstantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially inthe same degree with said variations of demand, said generator being so constructed and arranged with relation to the combustion chamber that the fluid therein is gradually heated, and said temperature operatedmeans being so located in the generator that for a given variation of demand the rate of variation of the temperature of the fluid. at that location varies inversely as the quarttityfiof liquidjin the generator varies.

rate ofvariation of the temperature at that.

supplying a liquid to a cooler portion of the generator, means for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the fluid at a hotter portion of the generator for automatically varying the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel in sub stantialunison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and in substantially 'detinite quantitative relations to said variations of demand.

18; In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in series and l'ocatedfone within another around the combustion chamber, of means for. sup,- plying a liquid to an outer coil, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber,

and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the fluid in an inner coil for automatically varying said. supplies in such manner that the efiective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and in;

substantially definite quantitative relations to said variations.

19. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, and delivering the same in a substantiall y unvarying condition as to the temperature thereof, the combination with a combustion chamberand a generator con, sisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, meansfor supplying a liquid to an outer coil, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operativeby variations in the temperature of the fluid in an inner coil for automatically varying the said supplies in such a manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and fuel vary in substantial unison with the demand for steam of vapor energy and substantially in the same degree with-said variaticns of demand.

20. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a -generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, means for supply ing a liquid to an outer coil, said means being rendered operative by variations in the temperature. of the fluid in an inner coil to automatically vary the supply of the'liquid i ubstantial unison witlrthe variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and in a substantially definite quantitative relation supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, andmeans for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel} I 2,1. lln an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation/with the same, said generator having a vaporizing portion adapted to receive a small quantity of a liquid and vaporize it gradually, meansyfor supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supply ing a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations of the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying the supplies of both the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vap'or energy, and substantially in definite quantitative; relations to said variations of demand.

22. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in 'cotip'erative relation with the same, said generator having a vaporizing portion adapted to receive a small quantity of the liquid and vaporize'it gradually, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber and means rendered operative by variations in izingportion of the generator for automatically varying said supplies in such a manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial uni son with the variations in demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in definite quantitative relations'to said variations of demand.

23. lln an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged-in coiiperative relation with the same, said generator having a vaporizing portion adapted to receive a small quantity of a liquid and vaporize it gradually, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means. for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in'the temperature of the contents of the: vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically steam or vapor energy and in substantially definite quantitative relations with said variations of demand, and means for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relathe fuel.

to said variations in demand, means for theitemperature of the contents of'the vapor-' varying said supplies of'liquid and fuel in, substantiaL unison with the demand for.

tion between the supplies of the liquid and 24-. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, said generator having a vaporizing portion adapted to receive a small quantity of a liquid and vaporize it gradually, means for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying said supplies of liquid and fuel in substantial unison with the variations in demand for steam or vapor energy, and in sub- 5 stantially the same degree with said varia:

tions, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of liquid and fuel.

. 2o 25. In an apparatus for generatin steam or va or, the combination with a combustion cham er and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with thesame, said generator having a liquid heating portion in which a liquid is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, and a vapor izing portion adapted toreceive a small quantity of the liquid and vaporize it gradually, means for supplying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying said supplies in such manner that the effective supplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the \demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in the same degree with saidvariations of demand.

26. In aii apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, said generator having a liquid heating portion in which a liquid is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporizing, and a vaporizing portion adapted to receive only a small quantity of the liquid and vaporize it grad? ually. means for supplying the liquid to the generator, said means being rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying the supply of the liquid in substantial unison with the variationsof demand for steam or vaporv energy and in substantial definite quantitative relation to said variations of i said demand. means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means for maintaining a definite quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel. q 27. In an apparatus for generating superheated steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relatioip with the same, said generator having a liquid heat- 1. ing portion in which a, liquid is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, and a vaporizing portionadapted to receive only a small quantity of the liquid and aporize it gradually, and a superheating portion directly connected to and forming an extension of said vaporizing portion, means. for supplying a liquid to the generator,- means for supplying afuel-- to the combus tion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying the supplies of the liquid and the fuel in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy, and substantially in definitequantitativerrelations to said variations of demand. j r

28. In an apparatus for generating super- Y heated steam or'vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the 9 same, said generator having a liquid heating portion in which a liquid is' gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, a vaporizing portion adapted to receive a small quantity of the liquid and to vaporize it gradually, and a superheated portion forming an extension thereof, means for sup plying a liquid to the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the contents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying said supplies in such a manner that the efiectivesupplies of both the liquid and the fuel vary in substantial unison with the demand for steam or vapor energy,--and substantially the same degree with the variations of said demand.

29. In an apparatus for generating superheated steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator arranged in cooperative relation with the same, said generator having a liquid heating p rtion in which ,a liquid is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, a vaporizing portion adapted to receivea small-quantity of the li uid and vaporize it gradually, and a super eating portion directly connected to and forming an extension of-said vaporizing ortion, means fori supplying a liquid to t e generator, said means being rendered operative by variations in the temperature of thecontents of the vaporizing portion of the generator for automatically varying the supply of the 125 liquid in substantial unison with the variations-of demand for steam or ,va-por energy, and in substantially definite quantitative relations to said variations of demand, means;

for supplying a fuel to the combustion cham her, and means for maintaining a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of liquid and the fuel.

30. An apparatus for generating including in combination, means forming a combustion chamber, a generator so constructed and arranged with relation to thecombustion chamber that ditferent portions of the generator are heated by the products of combustion to diiferent temperatures, means for supplying a liquid to a cooler portion of the generator. means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the" liquid and the fuel, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a coolerportion of the generator for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

31. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a con-- tinuous passage arranged in cooperative re-, lation with the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to one end of the generator, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel. and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of the fluid and the fuel.

32. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a continuous passage arranged in cooperative relation with the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to one end of the generator, means for supplying a fuel tothecombustion chamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the fluid and the fuel, and means including a saturated vapor-tension thermostat rendered operative variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of the fluid and the fuel.

33. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a continuous passage arranged in cooperative relation with the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to one end of the generator, means" for supplying a=fuel to the combustionfchamber, means rendered GO operative by variations. in the temperature of a hotter portion of the generator for varying the supplies of liquid and fuel; said means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between said supplies, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

34. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the, combination with a combustion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, means for chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, of means for supplying a liquid to an outer coil, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a hotter portion of the generator for varying the supplies of liquid and fuel, said means tending to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between said supplies, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator for automatically varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

36. In an apparatus for generatingsteam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a continuous passage arranged in cooperative relation with the combustion"chamber, means for supplying a liquid to one end of the generator, said means being constructed to automatically vary the supply of the liquid in substantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in a definite quantitatlve relation to said variations of demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tendingto maintain a predetermined quantitative'relationbetween the supplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means rendered operative by variations in the term perature of a cdole'r; portionof the generator for automatically fvaryin the relation betweeii the supplies of ithe liquid and the fuel.

87. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a continuous passage arranged incoop'erative re- .lation with the: combustion chamber, means for supplying'a liquid to one end of the generator. said means being rendered operative by variations in the condition of the fluid being heated to automatically var y the supply of .the liquid in substantial unison 'wi the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in a defimte quantitative' relation to said variations of demand, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion "chamber, means tending to maintain a predetermined quantltative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator for varying the relation between the fuel.

38. In an-apparatus for generatingv steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator having a continuous passage arranged in cooperative resubstantially definite quantitativerelation to said variations of demand, means for supplying a fuelto the combustion chamber, means tending-to maintain'a predetermined quantitative. relation between the supplies of theliquid and the fuel, and means ren-,

dered operative by variations in the tem-.

perature' of a cooler portion of the generator for varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

39. In anapparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustionchamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together in serles and located one within-anotheraround the combustion-chamber, means for supplying a liquid to anouter co11, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending to maintain a pre! determined quantitative relation between the supplies ofthe liquid and the fuel, and means" rendered operative-by variations in the temperature of a co-oler'portion of the generator for varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel.

40. In an apparatus for generatingsteam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together 1n series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to an outer coil, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means rendered operative by variations in the condition of the fluid being heated for varying the supplies of the liquid and the the supplies of the liquid and fuel, said means tending to mainta n a predetermined quantltative relation between saidsupplies, and means rendered operative by variations 111' the condition. of a cooler portion of the generator for varying the re-- and the fuel. i I 1 l 41. In an apparatus for I generating steam or vapor, the combination with a com'bus-' tion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils connected together lation between the supplies of the liquid in series and'located one within another around the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to an outer coil, means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means rendered operative by'variations in the temperature of a hotter portion of the generator for varying the supplies of theliquid and the fuel, saidmeans tending to maintain a' predetermined quantitative re lationbetween said supplies, and means rendered operativeby variations in the temperature of a cooler portion of the generator 'for varying the relation between the supplies of the liquid and thefuel.

42. In an apparatus for generating steam or vapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils' connected together in series and located one within another around the combustion chamber, means for supplying a liquid to an outer coil, said' means being constructed to automatically vary the'supply of theliquidinsubstantial unison with the variations of demand for steam or vapor energy and substantially in a' definite quantitative relation to said variations. of demand,- means for supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber, means tending 'to maintain a predetermined quantitative relation between the supplies of the liquid and the fuel. and means rendered operative by varlatlons- 1n the temperatureof a cooler portion of the generator for varying the relation between the supplies ofthe'liquid and the fuel.

43. In an apparatus forigenerating steam orvapor, the combination with a combustion chamber and a generator consisting of a plurality of pipe coils. connectedtogether in series and located one within another around the combustionchamber, means forsupplyin'g'a liquid to an outer coil, saidmeans being rendered operative by variations in the condition of tlie fluid being heated to automatically vary the supply of the liquid in substantial'unison with the variations of demand for steam or vaporenergyend in .a substantially definite quantitative relation to said variations ofdemand, means for. supplying a fuel to the combustion chamber,

means tending to maintain .a predetermined quantitative relation betweenthe' supplies of the liquid and the fuel, and means rendered operative by variations in the temperature

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