US979603A - Dynamo-electric machinery - Google Patents

Description

n. W. TROY.

DYNAMO I ELECTRIC MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1.19%.

979,603, Patented D ec.27,191(l YUUIinEEEEE nemliier 3 difference is constant).

DANIEL W. TROY, OF MDNTGOMERY, ALABAMA.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 27, 191 0.

Application filed November 1, 1909. Serial No. 525,825.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that l, DAN-int. W. Tnor, a citizen ot the United States of America, and a resident of the city and county of Montgomery, State of Alabama, have invented certain new, and useful Improvements in Dynai'no-Electric lvlachinery, of which the following a specification, reference being had to the aeemnpanying drawing, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates to apparatus for the production and utilization of direct currents. In a manner it is analogous to the acyclic machines in that current: tilirections are. never reversed and the relative mote ment. of condini-tors and magnetic flux is un directional.

The object of the invention is to provide novel and efiicient apparatus for the purposes mentioned, particularly for the production and utilization'of currents at voltages heretofore difiicult to employ in machines of the related class.

In the drawing Figure 1 shows a complete machine embodying the invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are parts of the armature; Fig. 4 is a partly broken and partly sectional view of the complete machine; Fig. 5 is a detail of a modification of the armature; Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the inven tion; .l igs. 7 and S are detail sectional views showing modifications of the contact inainmining-means.

From Fig. 4-, which shows a partly seetional view of the field magnet showing one of theopposing pole faces 6 it will be seen that I employ a flux or field having a dimension in the. direction of relative movement of armature comlucto-rs substantially less than the path of such moverm-nt. In Fig. 6 assume av magnetic flux directed on wardfrom the pole face (3. Let 1"- be a peripheral conductor capable of rotation flbOllt llS center and provided with a spiral leading to an axial member It is obvious that only so much of the radial projection of the spiral as lies between its n tersections with the radial sides at the field is ever cutting the flux (see R and ll". Fig. 6-, It .R-" being the length of the spiral-which can cut. the flux effectively at any instant,'R and ll, of. eoursi. being variahleszbut varying together so tlnit their Assuming the tlux density uniform and of density 1% the E. M. F. produced by rotation at the spiral-\ spoke-d rim will be measured by the product of B into the rate of progression of the ct"- fect-ive radial projection of the spiral. Assuming the flux to have a dimension in the direction of rotation. of 30 degrees of arc and the spiral to have a dimension of 360 degrees, as shown, itis obvious that only 1/12 of the total radial length of the spira. can be cutting through the flux at any in stant. The E. M. F. is therefore, 1/12 (f what. it would be for the same rate of rot 1- tion of a disk of like diameter to 1.. =1? such a disk (indicated by a dotted circl.*.)f Asstuning the. disk axially connected to 2 and otherwise insulated exceptv by peripheral collecting means, rotation of disk and spiral will result in induction of an E. F. in each, that of the one being 1/12 thtt of the other and both acting radially ir. the same direction. If by any means the radial elements of the disk are successively connected to the peripheral member as th :ybegin to traverse the flu there will be a current in the system (neglecting for the present eddy currents) which will follow the direction of the E. M. F. of the rad.al element and oppose that of: the spiral, due, in this case, to an efi'ective E. M. F. 11 12 that 01" the radial disk element. In Fig. 4 this will be readily understood. One of the pole pieces has been removed and on a shaft- 5 is shown a disk element 4, subdivided as in Fig. 3, into a plurality of radial corductors, all connected axially and each having an angular width not greater (and p1 eferably very much less) than that of the pole faces. Part of several of the radial members are broken away so as to show the spiral conductor 3. its radial effective. length being for the figure, between the arcs 3 and 3. l loth the collar or axial member of the spiral conducting system (see 2, Fig. 2 and the like axial member l of the radially slotted disk are assmned to be insulated from the axis (although one may not iiectssarily be so) and connections made, as by conductors indicated at 12 and 11 (Fig. 1) to collect.-- I

ing rings 11 and 12. A brush or sliding contact ill--10 servesto maintait a connec tion between the peripheral por;ion 1 and one of the radial elements of the disk. As the disk and the peripheral n'ienber are of like diameter this function may be served by a single brush which mainta' us the contact at a point. fixed with respect to the mag not. As constructed it will be seen that the magnet structure.

- rate.

armature corresponds to two acyclic armature systems (completely so except for the subdivision of the disk by radial slots) one of which cuts through the flux at a greater rate than the other and consequently gener ates-higher E. M. F. although both rotate (or move relatively to the flux) at the same Hence there is an efiective E. M. F. which can drive a current in radially opposite directions throu h them.

In Figs 1 and 4, i is the field magnet, 6 and 6 the opposite faces of the poles Which determine the shape and dimensions ofthe flux-cross section. 5', 5 are journals for the shaft 5, here shown as supported by'th'e 7, 7 are enlargements of the magnet structure to form a base. 7 is' a cross section ofthe magnet core, 8 showing the wound core, (dotted area 8, 8, Fig. 1, showing its cross-section.) 5" is'a driving pulley. 13 and 13 are collecting brushes insulated from each other-as at 14.

In constructing a machine for actual use I employ a plurality of armature systems each of which is essentially the combination shown in, F 4, of the elements of Figs. 2 and 3-a subdivided disk and a spirally spolced wheel. Such an arrangement is siown in the armature of Fig. 1. 1 and l are two peripheral conductors each corresponding to that of the system of Fig. 2. 4' and 4' are radial disk elements like those of Fig. 3. Obviously as many such systems as desired may be assembled on one shaft. Since the direction of E. M. F. (effective) is diflercnt -.radially in spirals from that in disks itis only necessary to connect collar 4 of a disk to collar 2 of the adjacent spiral, and soon. I11 Fig. 1 a connection is made from collecting ring 11- to the collar of the radial elementsof which 4' is one. They are successively maintained in connection with. the adjacent peripheral element 1" by the right hand brush .10. Assuming the inner or axial .collar of the'spiral connected to 1* to be in contact with the collar of the' disk elements of whichil is one, the brush 10 (to the left) completes the circuit from these elements to the peripheral element 1, whence the connection is by the last spiral to its axial collar andtocollecting ring 12 by a conductor 12', -wh1ch with the contotal E. M. F. equal to the sum'of allthe et-' ductor 11, is shown in dotted lines. The circuit is therefore from 11 to 12 first radially outward, then radial]. spiral, then radially outwar then radially inward by a s airal, thence tocollect'ing ring.- Obviously on I p the number of elements which maybe thus assembled in series. for the production of a fective E. 'MpFfs of the several combin'm tions'of the elements of Figs. 2.and 3. A

or its equivalent, is 7 re but onlv two connecting brush, quired for 'each comblnatltin,

considerations of bulk limit collecting rings forany number. The material of the inductors is not an essential but where the distance between pole faces is sub stantial they may be made of iron or like permeable material to advantage.

Obviously, the arrangement which holds good 'for a comp]ete-peripheral member and a splral extended 360 degrees in the direction of movement between armature and magnet is equally applicable (if desired) to the case of a spiral of less length. In Fig. 5 a modification of this character is shown. 3 is a spiral extended only 180 degrees, its peripheral member 1 being buta half annulus. ployed Where amagnet structure is provided with two polar gaps. See 6 and 6. Fig. 6. Two sets of peripheral contacts, however, will be required in this instance. The arrangement is self-evident and needs but mention. a

I am by no means confined to the use of slidingcontacts as the brusheslO, 10,1 0 maintain the connection between the peripheral member belonging to the spiral conduc torsystem and the radial conductorsof the disk element, although it is necessary e that the locus of this connection remain stationary with respect to the magnet. The

machine is inoperativeif fixed connections are made at the peripheral ends of the con ductors and the locus of the connection mustremain fixed with reference to the flux. To avoid the .use of sliding contacts I provide 'means such as shown in typical forms in. F igs.- 7 and 8. In Fig. 7 I have shown a sectional view'the section being taken radially on a plane assumedto pass through the axis of the systems-which illustrates the general principle ofsboth forms. 4 is a section ofthe outer end of a radial disk element.-as I constructed here, preferably of 'noumag- .netic naterial1.is a section of the periph-.

eral conducto-r-shown insulated from 4:".

In a groove in the element 4'1 are a plurai-ity' of members as 16, preferably iron or steel balls whichmay to advantage be coat--.

ed with some metal such as brass or tin. The groove is so shaped that when the armature is in motion the resultant of the'centrifugal force acts counter to the arrow '1 a1 indicating the centrifugal thrust andthe inclination, of the outer Wall of the groove causi r ,he resultant to the left in the figure.

Th tiis tance between the contact. member 16 and the peripheral member-1, while large in iao the figure,'is in practiceinade very small in de ed, just enough to insure a good break of .electrical continuity. \Vhe'n these contact.

balls, normally thrown out of contact with 1 but always'in good contact with the radial v members 4", begin-to enter the fluxthey are attracted by the peripheral member-the attraction belng a function of theflux density passing through closely approximated iron of said conductors other to i stationary with Tao the diameter somewhat greater is one, are normally like, see sectional views at 1T, 1T, 17", so

act but under the unalters are in operative position so that no tion, and means. for

botl1and they roll over into contact, thus automatically maintaining a connection between the radial members and the peripheral conductor which exists nowhere else except at certain points fixed with respect to the flux. The arrangement of Fig. 8 is quite similar but is adapted for cases where ofvthe ball-retaining groove is so that a pnllis exerted on the balls toward the-axis w ien they are passing beneath the polar gap (as if in the peripheries of the rotating. parts of Fig. 1). Here the centrifugal-force is allowed to act the condition of discondirectly to maintain tinuity of the parts. The halls, of which 16 insulated by fiber or the long as the centrifugal force is allowed to influence of magnetic attractionthey'move' radially inward and connect the elements it" and 1. In this case it ismore or less immaterial of what metal the elements 4 and 1 are composed. IVitht-he rotating system at rest (in either modification) some of the balls or movable contact complete opening ofcthe circuit is experienced. These flux controlled contact closers are not essentials ofrthis invention but merely valuable aids to its complete'ca-r lying into eii'ect and they form the subject or a eta-pending application Ser'. N 0. 519,899, filed Sept. 27, 1909.

lilaving described my invention, what I claim is z- .L l n a dynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establish a field force, a pairof armature conductors movable together through said field by relative motion therewith of unidirectional character, one more inclined than the the direction of rclative'movement and having a dimension "in that direction greater than that of the field in such direcmaintaining electrical connection between said conductors at points respect to said field.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine a field magnet arranged to establish a field of force,

a plurality of armature conductors all mo'vmaintaining electrical conneection between said more inclined conductor and each of the others successively at points stationary with respect to said field.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establisha field of force, an armature arranged to move through said field and'having a plurality of conductors substantiallynormal to the direction of such movement and a return conductor substantially inclined to the direction of such movement, a peripheral conductor connected to said inclined conductor, and means for maintaining electrical connection between said peripheral conductors and each of said sub normal conductors at points stastantially tionary with respect to said field.

4:. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field magnet arranged to establish a field of force, an armature arranged tOL move through said field and having a plurality of conductors substantially normal to the direction of such movement and a return conductor substantially inclined to the direction of such movement, a second plurality of like sub stantially normal conductors and a second like substantially inclined conductor on said armature, said second substantially inclined conductor permanently connected electrically to said first substantially normal conductors, and means for maintaining elect-rical connection between said first substantially inclined conductor and each of said first substantially normal conductors and between said second suhstantiallyinclined conductor and each of said second substantially normal conductors at points stationary with Witness my hand this 25th day of Octoher, 1909; I

' I DANIEL W. TROY. W itnesses: 3 i

FANNIE KATE Gnn'rnnrrig,

J. TALBERT Lnrcnnn.

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