US976278A - Process of manufacturing material for alkaline batteries. - Google Patents

Process of manufacturing material for alkaline batteries. Download PDF

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US976278A
US976278A US58389610A US1910583896A US976278A US 976278 A US976278 A US 976278A US 58389610 A US58389610 A US 58389610A US 1910583896 A US1910583896 A US 1910583896A US 976278 A US976278 A US 976278A
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zinc
chromium
compound
sulfate
solution
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William Morrison
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • My invention relates to improvements in reversible galvanic batteries, in which zinc is one of the elements, and more particularly to a battery in which the positive electrode is composed of a compound of zinc and chromium: e
  • a further object is the improved method by which an electrode of this composition is constructed at moderate cost and has a longperiod of efficiency.
  • My improved electrode is obtained in the followingmannergl first take a sufiicient quantity of chromium sulfate, such as can be urchasedon the market, the green colore compound I have found to be better for my purpose than any of the other chromium sulfate compounds upon the market. I then thoroughly dissolve this compound in *hot distilled water. Next I take asuflicient quantity of zinc oxid and mix the same thoroughly in water, preferably by means of an agitator, until the solution is entirely free from lumps and a thin paste is obtained. I then add to this solution, while it is in an agitated condition, the chromium sulfate solution obtained above.
  • the proportions of the chromium compound and thezinc oxid can be varied to quite a large degree, but I find that good results are obtained by using three pounds of zinc oxid to one pound of the chromium sulfate.
  • the chromium sulfate solution when firstadded to the zinc and, is a deep green. The action of the zinc oxid upon this, however, produces 8, Hear solution and alight green preci itate of zinc ox'id and chromium sulfate.
  • T e exact composition of this precipitate is not but it is thou ht that the chromium unites with both t e zinc oxid and the sulfuric acid, as it is found that thesolution contains no zinc sulfate.
  • This caustic potash acts to form a solution of potassium sulfate and a precipitate-of a zinc chromium compound. If suitable proportions are used in the first place, this com pound may be zinc chromite; but when different proportions are used, other compounds of zinc and chromium will be obtained. I, therefore, do not wish to limit myself to the compound of zinc chromite. I then pour off the potassium sulfate solution from this zinc chromium precipitate, and then wash this precipitate several times with hot water in order to remove all traces of'the sulfate. The zinc chromite or other zinc chrom1um compound which is obtained is then dried in any suitable manner, such as with' a centrifugal drier, and the material is then ready to be packed into the grid.'
  • the electrode thus obtained is preferably used with an alkaline electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxid, and any suitable negative electrode may be obtained; for example, such a one application Serial Number 531,230, in which an electrode composed of the oxids of silver and mercury is stood, however, that I do not desire to limit myself to the use of any particular electro-' lyte or negative electrode, as a large number of such electrolytes andnegatlve electrodes are adapted for use w th myjrmproved positive electrode, consisting of a zinc chromium com-pound. Imay also produce as described in my co-pending described. It. is to be undermy compound of zinc and chromium by the following method: To a suitable quantity of chromium sulfate orv other chrome salts add a hot strong solution of potassium hydrox'id.
  • the method of producing a compound for use in reversible galvanic batteries which consists in adding -a solution of chromium sulfate to a zinc oxid,-wherebya compound of zinc OXlCl and chromium sulfate is obtained, then acting upon this With' a strong alkaline solution to remove the sul fate, thus leaving a compound of zinc and chromium oxid, and then Washing this compound to remove traces of the sulfate.

Description

' fully known,
WILLIAM MORRISONQOF DES MOINES, IOWA.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING MATERIAL FOR ALKALINE BATTERIES.
No Drawing.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed September 26, 1910. Serial No. 583,896.
PatentedNov. 22, 19.1.0.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, WILLIAM MORRISON, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Des Moines, Polk county, Iowa, have invented a certain new and use-- ful Improvement in Processes of Manufac turing Material for an Alkaline Battery, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to improvements in reversible galvanic batteries, in which zinc is one of the elements, and more particularly to a battery in which the positive electrode is composed of a compound of zinc and chromium: e
It has for its object the improved method for making this compound for the positive electrode.
A further object is the improved method by which an electrode of this composition is constructed at moderate cost and has a longperiod of efficiency.
These and such other objects as may hereinafter appear are attained by my invention: My improved electrode is obtained in the followingmannergl first take a sufiicient quantity of chromium sulfate, such as can be urchasedon the market, the green colore compound I have found to be better for my purpose than any of the other chromium sulfate compounds upon the market. I then thoroughly dissolve this compound in *hot distilled water. Next I take asuflicient quantity of zinc oxid and mix the same thoroughly in water, preferably by means of an agitator, until the solution is entirely free from lumps and a thin paste is obtained. I then add to this solution, while it is in an agitated condition, the chromium sulfate solution obtained above. The proportions of the chromium compound and thezinc oxid can be varied to quite a large degree, but I find that good results are obtained by using three pounds of zinc oxid to one pound of the chromium sulfate. The chromium sulfate solution, when firstadded to the zinc and, is a deep green. The action of the zinc oxid upon this, however, produces 8, Hear solution and alight green preci itate of zinc ox'id and chromium sulfate. T e exact composition of this precipitate is not but it is thou ht that the chromium unites with both t e zinc oxid and the sulfuric acid, as it is found that thesolution contains no zinc sulfate. However, the met chemical reactions which take place Icre Y ;,,;pot thought to essential, as my invention consists in the particular method which I employ in obtaining my final compound. I then pour off the solution from this precipitate of zinc oxid and chromium sulfate, and add a strong solution of hot caustic potash.
This caustic potash acts to form a solution of potassium sulfate and a precipitate-of a zinc chromium compound. If suitable proportions are used in the first place, this com pound may be zinc chromite; but when different proportions are used, other compounds of zinc and chromium will be obtained. I, therefore, do not wish to limit myself to the compound of zinc chromite. I then pour off the potassium sulfate solution from this zinc chromium precipitate, and then wash this precipitate several times with hot water in order to remove all traces of'the sulfate. The zinc chromite or other zinc chrom1um compound which is obtained is then dried in any suitable manner, such as with' a centrifugal drier, and the material is then ready to be packed into the grid.'
- \Vhile I have described my improvedmet hod of pr'oducin this zinc chromium compound, I do not esire to be restricted to the specific method described, as various modifications will readily suggest, themselves. For example, other equivalent solutions may be used in place of the caustic potash which I have described I do not .wish to limit myself to the exact method described, as it is obvious that various motli fieations will readily suggest themselves to anyone skilled in theart.
The electrode thus obtained is preferably used with an alkaline electrolyte, such as potassium hydroxid, and any suitable negative electrode may be obtained; for example, such a one application Serial Number 531,230, in which an electrode composed of the oxids of silver and mercury is stood, however, that I do not desire to limit myself to the use of any particular electro-' lyte or negative electrode, as a large number of such electrolytes andnegatlve electrodes are adapted for use w th myjrmproved positive electrode, consisting of a zinc chromium com-pound. Imay also produce as described in my co-pending described. It. is to be undermy compound of zinc and chromium by the following method: To a suitable quantity of chromium sulfate orv other chrome salts add a hot strong solution of potassium hydrox'id.
An excess-of the hydro'xid should be used "so that the chromium is first precipi l tated will be redissolved. This solution is fate.
then added to the agitated zinc oxid whereby a precipitate-of a zinc chromium compound is obtained and a solution. of potassium sul- This precipitate is then Washed as before to remove all traces of the sulfate and then dried. Before packing the material in the grid a suitable quantity of mercury oxid,
- traces ofthe sulfate.
The method of producing a compound for use in reversible galvanic batteries, which consists in adding -a solution of chromium sulfate to a zinc oxid,-wherebya compound of zinc OXlCl and chromium sulfate is obtained, then acting upon this With' a strong alkaline solution to remove the sul fate, thus leaving a compound of zinc and chromium oxid, and then Washing this compound to remove traces of the sulfate.
3. The method-of. producing electrodes for reversible galvanic batteries, which consists in adding to a quantity of zinc oxid a chromium sulfate solution whereby a precipitate containing a compound of zinc oxid and chromium sulfate is obtained, then addingto this precipitate an alkaline solution, in
then washing the precipitate thus. obtained 'in adding to a quantity of zinc oxid a chromium'sulfato solution whereby a precipitate containing a compound of zinc oxid and chromium sulfate is obtained-then adding to this precipitate an alkaline solution, and in then drying the precipitate thus obtained and then par-king the sanie in a suitable grid.
5. The method of producing a compound for use in i'nveisible galvanic batteries, which consists of combining zinc oxid and chromium sulfate, in then adding to the precipitate thus obtained isolation of potassium hydroxid, and then Washing this coniponnd to remove traces of'the sulfate.
6. The method of producing a compound for use in reversible galvanic batteries, which consists of'combining zinc oxid and chromium sulfate,.and in then adding to the precipitate thusobtained a solution of potassium hydrokid,
7. The method of producing a compound for use in reversible galvanic batteries, which consists in combining suitable quantitics of zinc oxid, chromium sulfate, and an alkaline solution from which is precipitated a compound containing zinc and chromium. Signed by me at (jhieago, Illinois, this 22d day of Sept. 1910.
, \VILLIAM MORRISON.
\Vitnesses:
ELLEN H. CLEGG, M. 1}. DuizNIoN.
US58389610A 1910-09-26 1910-09-26 Process of manufacturing material for alkaline batteries. Expired - Lifetime US976278A (en)

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