US974024A

US974024A - Metal-founding.

Info

Publication number: US974024A
Application number: US57880010A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles B Carter
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1910-08-24
Filing date: 1910-08-24
Publication date: 1910-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 1927-10-25

Description

C. B. CARTER.

METAL FOUNDING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

2 SHBETS-SHEET l.

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dlm d N G. B. CARTER.

METAL FOUNDING.

' APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 24, I910.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

2 SHEETS-BEEET 2.

m m m 7, m 7 M 1 z W the mold in such the casting, is at UNITED STATES PATENT onrron.

cameras is. can-ran, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Specification of Letters Batent.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

Application filed August 24, 1910. Serial No; 578,800.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, CHARLES B. CARTER, a cltlzen of the United States, and a resident of chicago in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new. and

useful Improvements in the Art of Metal- Founding, fication.

This invention of which the following is a specirelates to improvements in the art of metal founding, and has particularly in view an improved manner of and apparatus for holding in position in the mold the metal inserts placed there, in order that they may be incorporated in the casting subsequently formed therein.

It also has in view animproved manner of clamping the mold together preparatory.

to pouring, which latter improvement may be found useful even when metallic inserts are not used in the mold.

In casting brake shoes, for example, it is common practice to place a number of pieces or bars of relatively hard or tough metal in position that when the brake shoe is subsequently cast, these pieces or bars will become incorporated in the face of the brake shoe, as so-called inserts, by which the wearing and braking qualities and life of the shoe will be greatly increased. Steel backing pieces are also inserted in brake shoe molds will. become incorporated with the shoe on its backside, much as the metal inserts above mentioned become incor orated in its face. This is particularly t e case with brake shoes designed for use on the drive wheels of locomotives, in which case the backing iece or back, which is usually made of SE the lug by which the shoe is keyed in place such inserts in the brake head. or backing ieces are employe however, the problem 0 securing them at the proper points in the mold preparatory to pouring When an quently found desirable to cast the shoe face upwardly, and in such case the inserts must be secured in the top of the mold cavity and suspended, as -it were, from the top wallor roof of the mold. Or, if the casting rangement is reversed and the shoe is cast with its face downward, the steel back, when used, must be similarly secured or susper part of the. ,mold cavity and held in p ace against the 1 pended, as itwere, inv the u sweep them out ample as will be set up in such position that they once presented. It is freplace during the pouring operation, since the inrushaof the entering metal is liable to of position unless securely held With these facts in view, vention contemplates the employment of magnetic attraction, to hold in proper position within the mold any such inserted my present inpieces-backs, face inserts, or the like. The

magnetism utilized. may be inherent in the parts themselves, or may be due to a properlyc applied magnetic field, such for exby an electromagnet that can be controlled at will by re lating the current through its coils, which will operate to draw the inserted places. (of iron or steel) firmly toward or against the adjacent inner surfaces of the mold, force sufiicient to overcome the attraction of gravitation and to successfully resist any with a tendency of the inflowing metal to wash the inserted pieces out of place. This improve- -mentthe employment of magnetic attraction to hold the inserted pieces in place in the mold-may vantage in connection with the casting of brake shoesin metallic molds or chills, Where the mold itself is made wholly or rincipally of magnetizable metal and is ormed to permanently present the shape of cavity desired for the shoe. With such metal molds, the problem of holding the inserted pieces securely'in position prior'to and during the pouring of metal, is quite a serious one, particularlywhere it is necessary to suspend, as it were, the insert pieces from the roof of the mold cavity, butthe problem is readily solved by resorting 'to magnetic a-ttraction, in accordance with the contemplation of this improvement. For example, the inserts in th-is case may be made of steel and first permanently magnetized, so that they will inherently tend to fasten themselves to the surface of the iron mold at whatever he used to particular adpoint where they are placed in contact with I it. Or assuming again, for example, that it 'is desired to cast a brake shoe with its face uppermost and with iron or steel inserts 1nthe face of the shoe, an electromagnet may be provided, in connection with the mold, in such manner as to draw the inserted pieces firmly against the roof of the mold cavity and hold them securely in place there until the metal has been poured in and has solidified about the inserts sufficiently to hold them permanently in position, the magits bottom, the magnetic action, however,

serving as before to hold the inserted parts.

securely in place until the casting is completed. Furthermore, with a mold constructed principally or largely of iron, the

I same magnetic action may be utilized to clamp the parts of the mold itself together thus doing away with the mechanical clamps ordinarily used for the purpose. And this method of clamping together the parts or sections of a mold which is formed wholly or largely of iron or steel, or has sufficient iron or steel parts incorporated in its different sections, may obviously be found of advantage without regard to whether or not the magnetic action is also utilized for the positioning within the mold of inserted metallic pices, such as backs or faces. All of this is illustrated, by the way of example, in the accompanying drawin s, in which Figure l is a longitudina section, taken on line 1 1 of Fi 2, of a metallic mold provided with an e ectromagnet attachment and arranged for the casting of brake shoes with a steel back and face inserts. Fig.2 is a transverse sectional view thereof, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perin this instance,

spective view of a brake shoe, such as is designed to be cast in this mold. Fig. at is an' enlarged perspective detail ofa sectional metallic core piece designed for the coring of the hole through the lug on the back of the shoe, by which the shoe is attached to the 5 is a longitudinal'section, taken on the line 55 of Fig. 6, of a generally similar mold in which, however, the electromagnet arrangement is somewhat dif ferent, and from which the steel back has,

' been omitted. -Fig. 6 is a transverse section of this mold taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a' perspective view of such a brake shoe as is designed to be cast in this mold. Fig. 8 is a perspective detail of a'sectional metallic core piece, slightly modified from that shown in Fig. &.

Referring first to the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, it will be understood that the mold here illustrated is a two-part affair,

If a steel consistin as usual of a drag land cope 2. The mol is parted on the line 3 and is provided with suitable sprue holes t through which the pouring may take place. This mold is shown as arranged for the casting of shoes face upward, and with iron or steel inserts 5 in the face of the shoe, and it is contemplated that these inserts will be held in place within the mold cavity 6 preparatory to and during the casting operation, by magnetic action, such as will serve to make the inserts stick, as it were, to the upper surface of the mold cavity-the lower face of the cope.until the metal has had time to cool and solidify around them so as to hold them permanently in position. Assuming that these inserts are made of steel, they may be permanently magnetized before being used, and in such case the magnetic attrac- I tion inherent in them will serve to make them stick wherever placed against the under surface of the cope, where this is made of iron or steel, with sufficient tenacity to enable the casting to be poured, without their dropping off or being otherwise dis turbed in their positions. Or the magnetic action will be brought about by an electromagnet such as I- have illustrated, somewhat diagrammatically, at 7 The coreB of this magnet I have shown as terminating at its lower end in a pole plate 9 that is arranged to fit against the upper surface of the cope and is herein shown as interfitted therewith,

as at 10. When this magnet is energized by the passing of a suitable current through its coils, the magnetic field established will tend to draw the inserts 5, which in this case may be made of either iron or steel, and need not have been previously I magnetized, firmly against the under side of the cope, as shown.

This magnetic action will also serve to clamp the cope 2 firmly against the pole plate 9 of n the magnet, in case the cope is made of magnetizable metal. And in case the entire mold is made of such metal, the magnetic action will further serve to clamp the cope and drag together so thatno mechanical clamping device will be necessary. In such case,

also, the electromagnet may be used in connection with a crane to lift the cope prior to placing it on the drag, or to lift the entire mold when the cope is in place on the drag, a lifting hook 11 being provided in the top of the elect-r'oma-gnet for the purpose. In the complete development of my invention, this making of the entire mold of magnetizable metal is contemplated, cast iron lending itself most perfectly to the purpose. The utilization of electromagnetic action for holding the inserts in place would, however, be possible if the mold or cope were madeiof nonmagnetic metal, or even of nonmetallic material.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the .mold is shown as arranged to receive the steel back 12, with which brake shoes are. now very frequently manent parts,I have,

: recess 14 at either end be made of nonmetallic material, or even of sand, or it may be made of metal having very poor magnetic qualities such as an alloy to have its lug, and in order to prevent the molten metal course, be cast in themold shownin Figs.

is arranged "for the casting of a shoe in provided. This back is shown as formed in' the usual manner with a lug l3 which is Struck up from the metal of the back and which, when the shoe is completed, orms the lug; by which the shoe is attached to thel brake head. A'recess 14 is provided in the bottom of the mold cavity to receive this from filling the lug, a core piece 15 is in-i serted in the cavity lt. This core piece may,.] of course, be madeof sand and baked in the ordinary manner, but to avoid the necessity for venting the mold at this point and to enable the entire mold to be made of peras a further improvement, shown this core piece'as itself made of metal and in sections,'so that it may be readily'slipped, into place and as readily knocked outof the castingwhen completed. Thev piece is made with enlarged head portions 16,-,which occupy the ends of the mold of the lug 13 of the steel back. And these head portions are connected-by smaller neck portions 17 which together serve to fill the lug l3 and prevent the molten metal from flowing into the lug so as to close it. To enable this core piece to be inserted through the lug, and afterward readily knocked out of the casting, it is made in sections, as shown in Fig. 4, the plane of cleavage or separation between the sections. being preferably a diagonal one extending through the neck portion of the sections, as indicated at 18 in said figure.

In Figs. 5 and 6, I have, illustrated the mold as made up with a somewhat modified electromagnetic arrangement, in which a separate magnet 20' is provided for each of th' inserts'fi. 'Each magnet is here shown in, orse shoe form with its pole pieces 21- extending through holes provided in the cope to receive them, jthe idea eing to apply 'the inserts directly to the ends of. the pole pieces. The cope itself in this case may iron or manganese. A cover plate 22 is in this instance shownas secured to the hope over the; coils of the magnets 20, and is pro-' vided with aloo or hook 23 by which the cope is lifted. steel back shoe may, of

5 and 6, as well a s in that shown in Figs. land 2, but asiherein illustrated, the mold which the steel back is omitted, and suchas is illustrated in Fig. 7 In such shoe, the In 13 at its back will be cast with the rest of the shoe, and is here shown as arranged opening 13 formed by a core piece 15. This" is illustrated in perspective in Fig. 8, and is substantially similar to the core piece shown in. Fig. 4, which I have metal into the mold, and

and harden about the inserts thus held, substantially as described.

already described, the devices 1. The method of making castings containing inserts of magnetizable. metal, which consists in holding the inserts in place in the mold by magnetic action, pouring the molten allowing it to cool 2. The method of making castings containing insertsof magnetizable metal, which consists insupporting the inserts in the mold against the attraction of gravitation by magnetic action, pouring the molten metal into the mold, and malntaining the magnetic action until the molten metal has solidified suificiently' to maintain the inserts in place, substantially as described.

3. The method of making castings containing inserts of magnetizable metal in a mold of magnetic material which consistsin magnetizingthe inserts, placing the magnetlzing inserts in proper positlon against the interior surface of the metal mold to be retained there by their magnetic action, and, pouring the molten metal into the mold to lnclose the inserts, substantially as described. 4;.The method of making castings containing inserts of magnetizable metal in a mold of magnetic'material, which consists in magnetizin either element, placing them in contact wit eachother so as to be held in place by magnetic attraction, and pouring the molten metal into the mold around the inserts thus held, substantially as described. 5. The method of making castings which consists in clamping the parts of the mold together by magnetic action, pouring the moltenmetal into the mold, and maintaining the magnetic action until themolten metal has solidified, substantially as described. 6. The method of making castings containing inserts of magnetizable metal in a mold of magnetiza-ble metal, which consists in magnetizing the mold so as to hold the inserts in position therein by magnetic attraction, filling the mold with molten metal and allowing it to cool and harden about the inserts thus held, substantially as described.

'7. The method of making castings in a mold of magnetizable metal, which consists in magnetizing the mold so as to clamp its parts together by magnetic attraction, pourmg the molten metal in the moldv and con- I tinuing the magnetic action until the poured I metal has cooled and hardened sulhciently metal, which consists in magnetlzin to maintain its shape, substantially as described.

8. The method of making castings containing inserts in a mold of ma etizablle t e mold so as to hold the inserts therein by magnetic attraction and so as to cause the sections of the mold to be clamped together by a magnetic attraction, filling the mold with molten metal and maintaining the magnetic action until the entering metalhas cooled and hardened sufliciently to maintain its shape and hold the inserts in place, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a mold, of an electromagnet for holding inserts of magnetizable metal in position within the mold, preparatory to and during the casting operation, substantially as described,

10. lhe combination with a mold, and means for inducing a magnet field through the mold and thereby magnetically holding in osition within the mold inserts of magnetizable metal preparatory to and during ee'aoae the casting operation, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a sectional mold, of means for clamping the sections of the mold together by magnetic attraction preparatory to and during the casting operation, substantially as described.

12. The method of making castings containing inserts of magnetizable metal, which consists in placing the, inserts within the .mold, holding them in position therein by subjecting them to the'attraction of a mag- Witnesses:

HENRI WAITE, JENNIE L. Fisnn.

CHARLES E. CARTER. v