US972650A - Ready-reckoner. - Google Patents

Description

ABRAHAM-GHA'IM SAMUEL-HIRSCH SGHABAD.

v READY RECKONER.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 1a, 1009.

972,650. Patented 000. 11, 1910.

100000]- H2500 250.05 100000 H5000 '17537 500000 47.61500 11005 I00000 naanoo 0001+ $00000 7.147.500 HHH 600000 $555000 H2011 100000 2957500 165630 j.'

ABRAHM-CHAM SAMUF-li-HIRSCHJSCHABAD, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.-

READY-neuronas.'

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. itin-119i@ Application-tied October 18, 1909.- Serial No. 523,295.

To atl whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM-Granier SaMUnL-Hrnson SCHABAD, a subject of the Emperor of Russia.,` and resident of 22 .KlopstockstrasseJ Berlin, Germany,`have invented certain new and useful Improvements inV Ready-Reckon'ers, of which the fol-lowing is a specification.

vThis invention relates to a new andim-v proved ready-reckoner which shall enable the rapid change from one system of coinage into another to be eieetedor the calculation of' the interest accumulated in any given time at desired rates. It may also be used for other purposes for which ready-reckoners in tabular form are provided.

The reckoner yhereinY described is applicable to all decimal systems of reckoning.

By means of the present invention t-he errors frequently arising from the use of tables are avoided and the position of the decimal point may be very readily determined. Also the apparatus is very compact and maybe carried in the waistcoat-pocket.

The invention is illustrated inl one convenient form in the accompanying drawings in which-'- Y FigureA 1 is a longitudinal section through the apparatus, Fig.q2 a section on the line A-B of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a detail-view of the end of the inner cylinder. Fig. et shows the development of the tables which are carried by the inner rotatable cylinder inFig.

l. Fig. 5 is a detailv-iew of the slidable cylinder on the outer-casing. Fig. 6 is a detail view showing the method of fixing the -removable table carrying cyli-nder to the inner casing of the reckoner. Fig. 7 illustrates the method of removing the inner cylinder from the outer cylinder. Fig. 8 is an outside view of the entire apparatus.

In carrying the invention into eect according to the form shown an outer cylindrical casing a is provided having a closed end b. To the closed end b there vis 'fixed axially a rod c. rlhe rod c carries two flat. springs d which open toward the closed end b.

Adaptedto rotate within the cylindrical casing' a and also to slide therein, there. is a cylindrical casing e. The cylindrical casingA e has at its righthand end in Fig. l an m-A wardly projecting ring or flange. f. By pushing the cylindrical casing e fromleft to right in Fig. l the springs al are deflected inward to allow the ring f to pass. As soon as the Aring f'passes the ends of the springs (Z lthese springs come to bear frictionally on the interior of the casing e. lt will be seen that the casing c may be rotated relatively to the casing a and also move axially within the outer casing a.. The springs (Z co-acting with the ring j' however prevent the casing e from .being entirely 'removed from the casing a. 'Over the casing e there is passed a cylinder g having a table, such as illustrated .in Fig. 4f, printed thereon; The table illustrated contains in the first column the numbers l, 2, 3, el and so on, each with 5 'eiphers The second `column represents the equivalents in converting dollars into marks, that isin passing from the German money system into the United States money system. ln the third column there are the necessary figures for converting marks into dollars. In the outer casing a there are represented openings L, L, z' and j. The openings l1., 7L- are adapted to come opposite the first column while the opening z' comes opposite the second column and the opening j comes opposite the third column in Fig. L ln the openings t, z' and a small pointer c is provided which shows the position of the point. By pulling the cylinder e with the table g to the left in Fig. l, the position of the point lc is altered as desired. Thus in Fig 5 the decimal point c is indicated as representing 70.00 dollars and in the opening .i there is seen the number: 295.75 marks (on the basis 31002422.50). The commaprojections 7c are in the form illustrated fixed to the casing c. The opening it and the openingv are arranged in line and enable thetransferenee from marks to dollars 4open lefthand end of the casing c as seen in Fig. l. K

It will be understood' that by replacing i the cylinder g with anyother tables any desired kind of calculation may be effected with the ready-reckoner herein described.

.To enable the casing e to be extracted for such removal and change of the cylinder g,

there is provided a tube pwhich is adapted.

to pass easily through the casing e and compress the springs Z so that the free ends of the springs come clear of the ring f. This is easily effected because the diameter of the tube p is smaller than the diameter of the tube e Aagainst which the springs d rest, therefore the tube p may press the springs together when passing over same whereby the ring f may pass over Athe springs and the tube e may be taken out. The casing e may then be extracted and the cylinder g changed as desired. An outer short cylinder g is also preferably passed over and fixed to rotate with the outer casing a and this cylinder carries the inscription of the kind of reckoning being made. illustrated the cylinder g carries the inscript-ion Dollars, Marks where it comes opposite the openings h and z' and Marks Dollars in the line of the openings it and j.

It will be understood that when any'desired number of one system is required to be changed into another monetary system that the change must be effected in stages,

' thus if it were desired to convert 728 marks into dollars and cents the operator Will first find the equivalent of 700 marks, then of 20 marks, then of 8 marks, write these equivalents in a row and add them up. ,'Io facilitate the writing down and adding of these numbers the pencil 0 is provided.

I claim: 1. In an instrument of the kind described an outer cylindrical casing having a plurality of openings therein, an inner casing rotatable Within said outer casing and relatively slidable thereto, said inner casing being provided with rows of figures adapted to be brought in succession under the openings in said outer casing, and a spring fixed to said outer casing and engaging frictionally Within said inner casing.

2. In an instrument of the kind described an outer cylindrical casing having a plurality of openings therein, an inner'casing rotatable within said outer casing and relatively slidable thereto, said inner casing being provided with rows of ligures adapted to be brought in succession under the openings in said outer casing, a flange on the end of said inner casing and projecting inwardly thereof, and a V-shaped spring xed to said outer casing and frictionally engaging the walls of said inner casing, substantially as described.

3. In an instrument of the kind described Thus in the form.

-ralit of o eninvs therein an inner casin rotatable within said outer casing and relatively slidable thereto, said inner casing being provided with rows of figures adapted to be brought in succession under the openings in said outer casing, a ange on the end of said inner casing and projecting indesired, substantially as and for the purpose as described.

4. In an instrument of the kind described an outer cylindrical vcasing having a plurality of openings therein, an inner casing r0- tatable within, said outer c'asingand relatively slidable thereto, a cylinder pushed over said inner casing and havin rows of figures thereon on its outer surface, said igures being adapted to be brought in successlon` under the openings in said `outer casing', means for preventing relative rotation of saidinner casing and said cylinder carrying the jgures, a flange on the end of said inner casing and projecting inwardly thereof, a' V-shaped spring liXed to said outer casing and frictionally engaging the walls of said inner casing and means for compressing the V-shaped spring to effect l and frictionally engaging the other and an outer tube over said outer casing, said outer tube being provided with suitable inscriptions opposite the :openings in the outer casing and means for Xing said outer tube to prevent relative rotation between said outer tube and the outer casing.

In witness' whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

ABRAHAM-CHAN SMUEL-HIRSCH SCHABAD.

Witnesses:

IVOLDEMA'R HAUPT, HENRY HASPER.

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