US972613A - Method of and apparatus for drawing glass. - Google Patents

Description

. 'l BLY. PRINKA y lMET/110D or AND APPARATUS ron DRAWING GLASS. APPLICATION r'ILIzn Novfs, 190e. A 972,613,` Patented 0ct.11, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

l 1 R. L.VP RINK. A METHOD OP AND APPARATUS FOB. DRAWING GLASS.

` APPLIOATION FILED Noms, 190g.' y 972,613, Patented m1111910.

' a SHEETS-snm 2.

n.1. PRINK.-

METHOD o1 AND'APPABATUS', PoR-DRAWING GLASS.

APPLIGATION FILED News', 1903.v Y v PatelltedOct.11,1910.l

UNITED ysfrairns :PATENT OFFICE.

-nQBER'nI-e FRINK, O'FCLEVELAND, oHro.

.l.. i, v .y v l. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

To all whm'n it' concern:

:Be it known that I, Ronnn'r L. FRINK, a citizen the United States, and av resident of'Clieland, county of Cuyahoga, and State 'ofl'0liioi'l1atfeinvented a new v'and useful Iinp'roiteme'nt in Methods of and Apparatus lfor Drawing jGr'lass', of which the following a specification., the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best ltpnode invvliich I have contemplated applying that' principle, so as to distinguish it' 'from other inventions.

I AIIn" the' drawing' of glass articles, such -ascylinders in 'the manufacture of )WindowV l'glavss, I have found' it to be very import-ant,

di'sa's'terlto the 'prod uct is to be avoided in 4-the",s iibseq'nentI stages of manufacture, that roper strains, particularly strains longi- @tu` finally ofthe cylinder Vhe carefully avoid 2O3ed'l" "Itfwill ofcourse be understood that in cgolin'g',4 both from the l'inside and the outy the iritfeiitirlfy cc'iole'd stratum similarly tv'riesthere' vwill ybeproduced a strain longnl .1tludina11ypf .thecylinder, um will and i0- .disiftiptit transversely upon theslightest aproyecation Ineed I am led to believe 40-" ,tha-tja .large percentage of the breakage that has.heretpforefattended the severing of the !.to their introduction into the Hatten- .and the, final cutting, .may bc j ,ced rfiin'sfof'tliis'y character introduced ne; present invention` is concerned -With .nM-.5f l -1 certain aspectsonly ot the problem of drawingr cylindersniithout strains of the .harmf l. l ailacteiijust described.

i' 'h heen pointed out in my Patent No.

ptedfNopmber 30th. 1909` artition-of the temperature ot the ,l iqlxn and" for tliifslreason in the present 1 Specification of Letters Patent. Application nie'd November's, 190s.l

fthe splitting of them "v )e pot would seem to heo'ne of the c; ils-eff`offtheJnndesir'able results in Patented oct. 1.1 11,910. Serial-No.4 461,838.

instance as 1n such copendmg apphcat-l-on reterred to, I. would dispense with any such attempted regulation', since in practice the' harmful results accruing therefromrfar outweigh any alleged theoretical advantages. ln other words, it has heretofore been too little appreciated what are the relative cf tects ot' conduction, radiation andconvection in determiningthe lthickness and uni-1 form character of the cylinder Walls which ultimately in their Hattened forrn'provide the window glass of commerce. I propose accordingly to permit the bath of metal from 'which the. roller is being draw whether such bath be a segregated body 0. molten glass, or one that is constantly replenished, to cool naturally fromi'its high initial temperature, merely avoiding, so -far .las is possihleg'the elfectsof unequal radiation and convection. Obviously it will be desirable that the drawing pot or receptacle be' either ofinsulating material or suicientl;7 surrounded by .such material ,in order l that the coolingr of the metal may not pro'- ceed with undue rapidity. This phase of the problem, however, is not of present interest. forming no part of the invention under cons1deration. Assuming, then, for

4`present purposes .abody of metal t0 be exposed to conditions of radiation and convection Vas uniform as possible, it will obviously'be the surface of the bath that will be primaril;` thus affected, with the -resiilt that a film, or skin, of com ealed glass will form thereon. ln thevoperation of drawing', it-is this that is Withdrawn' to form the cylinder walls there being a constal'lt 'renewal thereof l' as fast as removal takes place. The sizeof the cylinder, that is its diameter, will for amv given thicknes of cylinder wall, bedependent on the annular radiation area of the v -lass in the pot. for the moment that such 'glass is corvcred with theafores'aid film,

ii'hich forms at approximately 1544 degrees,- further cooling of the interlor,l molten lod'iv can onl'vhc had by conduction through. l

such film neglectingr the eti'ectsof conduc-1 tion through the walls ot' the pot). The i rate of' loss 'of heat by 'such conduction being` veri' much slower than by radiation, the in'- terior ot the hat-h n'ill coolonly ,relatively slowly'. even njheresuch-hath 'consists ofa segregated body ot' metal.. The rate" at 'l which the film on the surface willlhencein crease linv thickness, will Vary 04' sion-lit. and 1n the case of n pot that' proved method of drawing glass. -In carryingout such method,- then, I Iemploy the4 hereinafter fully described steps and means and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The Vannexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain. means and modes of carryingout thel invention',

howeven but severalof the various ways in Whizh the principle of the inventionmay be' use A In said annexed drawings: FigureV 1,is rtly a side elevational, partly a vertical ction'al, view of one type of glass dra'wincorporated therein; Fig. 'Q is a A-"si`m ilar view-of anothertype of drawing 3Q mechanism, with such improvements shown in-modified form; Fig. 3 illustrates. a third i and Fig. :Ll is a detail of a fourth form -o-the invention, A

"-Of the two types of :drawing apparatus aswill -be :evidentfrom an inspection of the several figures fpreviously referred to'. The

the drawing mechanism-pro 'en -.comprising in the ,one instance, amova leclosed'bait, towhich`-the air is supplied, and inthe Iotherrollers between which the cylinder is drawn uy Wardl y, and a lhead resting onjth'e.

cited. Inthe iir'st form of apparatusyhowever, attention is called to a thermo-electric 'couplev B thatis located 'within the'pot A, so as toV reject t-o a point substantially central-wit respect vto-the cooling influences 5,5 the bath of metal in'said 'ponA This couple B I- connect to icontrol suitable relaycircuits G,by means of terminals ac2 disposed so as to be variously connected upon moi-'ement in one direction or another-of the pointerxca' of the indicator C. relayci'rcuits C are-emp t ,which is closed in what' may be termed the normal temperature in the, bath. A tem! i As shown, ltwo such ifrtiture more vthan normal, hoiverer, Wi1l :35 e efective to move the pointer to contacts ition described above;

'such 'disclosedmeans and modes' illustrating,-

" g mechanism, with my present improve Ifcjhosenrfor illustrative purposes, the first isv a continuous, A the second a "discontinuous, or` intermittent, cylinder drawinginc clianism,l

detailed -constrii'ct-ionvof fthe pot, as also of open en of the cylinder, need not` beren wherewithsaid .pot vis surrounded. fThis couple will obviously-be affected-by any changes in temperature that mayoCCur inl loyed, neither of mechanism. This,

'a type ofdrfawing. mechanisni-4 occasionally fused- .n the intermittent lo proc'ess.

with vterminal c,f"t'nereby closing one such circu it,;while aj temperature less than normal Willi-'nove the" pointer oppositelyto contact with'terininal 62,"thei'eby`closing the-other. "70 tively etlective to operate a-switch 'D that controls the supply of current to a motor D,

connected to drive the dra-wing rolls D2. As in -the case-.of tlieincircuit-f Closure ot' such. circuits is respecsucli motor being dicator C, aconvenient constructionof the' switch D is to have the switch arni tend to assume the intermediate position shown', at which the 'motor will lbe operated -at the normal rate of speed corresponding' with-'the .glass temperature' registered by the indica]- tor when its pointer. occupies the normal porlhe temperature! of the molten glass or metal in the drawing're- I oeptacle'ma'y-b'e expected to vary less in vthe case of the continuous drawing apparatus, where such metal is replenished troni-fthe tank las fast' as it is drawn, thanY where a quantity-is ladled out'of'tlie tank in toa receptacleapart therefrom, andthen drawn.

The modification in lconstruction illustrated in the Fig. 2-1nay hence be regarded'as an i adapta-tion of my apparatns to the'sligh'tly different conditions presentedin thev lat-ter' case. Itvwill be understood, however,that such vmodified apparatus could-be employed with equally beneficial etl'e'ct with the 'other form of drawing 'mechanism ortvice versa.

Such modification consistsin 'the iist in stance, in a substitution for :the thermoelectricl couple. B as the thermo-sensitive element! in the apparatus, of anvl airjtherf mometer E, the Aexterior end ot' which is connect'edj with 'a diaphragm valve lil wherebya pilot valve@ in a-pressure duct Fisziactuated the effect of an'increase in .temperature the metal being. t`o close such .pilote-iffalve -in the arrangementillustrated. The -pres surezfiuidtlius controlled by thepilot valve v is conductedto a piston and cylinder -F .or 1inl equivalent device,-

by frneans owhich lain A electric switch F? is operated.' Such switch corresponds fin generalivitlithe sw itc h D,4

operationot which in' the other formv of ap-jfff l relay circuits C I Since the effect ot theiuid pressure can be more nicely, graduated ,-tlie paratus was effected by means of thesevera-l" V l number of'A contacts f and corresponding .variations in -ciirrcntvsupply for theinotor F3, maybe increased'so that as thefsegreji205 increasing rate oi speedina-yi-b'e gated'body'o' glass falls inf Vtemperarture,1a gradually imparted to the ldrawing mechanism.

Fig. 3 shows the adaptationof inyinven E' tion to the control ofj the vrate cti-draw,

where hydraulic means, as

cylinderl Gr and piston g,l for m'the 'motor for the drawing ase-will be recognized,4 is

iscontinuons,

s directly 4 1.30

positions switch Fgbv operating the piston hydraulic cylinder;` G. l

plied to the `pi e `G-by'-means ..of a -blower g, between W ichand 'the .pipe is inten.

.ratus g. `v

foregoing construction partieularly to. callt attention, lrelation 0f the rate ofspeed ofl the hydraulic fattached tothe 'lower end of such pistony lplunger,- such pistonl end .being lsecured to ai. carriage g2 that vtravels'between vertical guides g3. In the construct-ion 'inzliancL air suppliedto the being dmv-mgthrough'bilt g, by-meansof a pipe Q Connected 'viiith the' latter and telescopiiig into a larger pipeV Gr. disposed alongside posed suitable pressure regulating appathefai'r supply. mechanismd'in the `is believed to possessffatures of.v novelty and util v -the cor- .plunger g with tlie .temperature of .the metal 111 'pot A. This is convenient-ly effected in a-manner 'analogous to that employed inthe secoiithform of apparatus discussed above.

by vinserting an air-tlierinoiiieter"E into'ithe -bath and connecting the latter with a diaphragmvalve EQ The latter, however, in- -stead of .simply operating'a' pilot valve is here utilized to control directly, by means of 'a similarly located valve z, .the vsupply of' Water or equivalent pressure inder G through duct H..

Still another mode of`niore. directly .ap-

plying the ex ansive'vforce'of the 4fluid 'in thermometer lu'is' shownin Fig. :tg here the diapliragni-valve E" serves in effect merely to sepa-rate such fluid from an incompressible fiuid, as water, that fills the remainder ofthe. closed duct. H and appropriately `and cylinder device F.

It' Will be `understood that of course various substances-may be employed as the eX.-

pansive agentl in the thermometer type of control device. but liquids, and even solids, such 'as lead,

`that fuse at the temperatures to which the device is subjected, Ymay j be utilized. It should be'stated, moreover, that the two general. types .of thermo-sensitive apparatus, 1 1

viz, the air-thermometer and thermo-elec- "tric coupleare illustrative only, and "such 4other forms of pyronieter as. may be found suitable may oe employed in their stead.v .lVliiehever of the several illustrative types of' apparatus hereinbefore 'illustrated andA described, may be' employed itvvill be clear that a strict' correlation'will'at alltinies 'We maintained between the rate atwhich the glass is removed from the drawing pot, andA .the temperature of the body'of metal from which such removal takes place. In vieWf.

of the `underlying principles. previously lenunciated, the effectiveness of this method offontrol. not onlyv in attain-ing a nianirumA speed of operation, -but also obtaining a product that will be free from' one of the.

fluid to cyl- Not only air and like. gases,`

II most serious imperfections arising .from this Stage. (ofy evident.

manufacture, should be fully.4

Y 'Other modes of applying the principle of i' iiiyunvention may beemployed-instead of gai-ds the iii'e'aiis, and the steps herein disclosed, provided those st-ated by lanyone of the following claims or their equiv-.ilentsbe 1 `employed.

I thereforeparticularly point out and distinctly claim as my ii'iveiitioni-l 1. The method of drawing glass articles in regulating the speedlof drawing to correfroin a bathof molten glass, which' consists" the'oiie explained, change 4being-made as re- 4spond with changes in the temperature of such bath, substantially as described..

speed of drawing to correspondr'wit'l'i changes in temperature of .such bath` substantially as described.

iii raising- .the bait, I and automatically [regulating the speed at which said bait 1s raised .ofsucli bath, substantially as described;

ing pot or receptacle, mechanism' cooperative 3. 'lheniethod of.d`ra,wing glassl articlesfY from a bath of moltenv glass', which con'sistsl 4. Inapparatus for drawing glass,l aIdraw- 2."l`he method of drawing glass, which `-consists in automatically regulating theto correspond with changes inltemperature with said receptacle 4to draw lan article from' a bat-h of molten glass therein, and means for mechanism, said-means `including av-thermosensitivedevice located 1n.said'freceptac'le,4

withthe temperature of suchv bat-li.

With'saidf receptacle to draw an article. from a bath of molten-glass..therein,.and means for mechanism,.s aid means including 'an expan.

4' tacle, whereby such rate of operation is varied ature of such bath. I

G. In apparat-usfor drawing glassJ a drawsivefluid thermometerlocated in said recepy regulating the rate of operation ofY said 1:00 whereby su'chrate-of operation is correlatedf i 5.. ,In apparatus.fordrawing.glass, a. draw` ingpot or receptacle, mechanism cooperative i' regulating the rate fof. operation of said iio Ato correspond with variations inthe tempery ing .pot or receptacle', mechanism cooperative -With saidreceptacle-to draw an article from.

abath of molten glass therein',v driving'means. w

the rate of operation of saidmechanisl'm and.

tacle and connected to actuate .said pilot f for said mechanism, pilotinea'ns controlling i thermo-.sensitive means located in saidr'ce'p-i means,vvhereby the rate of operation of drawing mechanism is. 4varied' tocorrespondmetal' in said receptacle.

7. In apparatusf r,d'ra'.vvingglass,afdrayvf'- ing pot or receptacle, .mechanism'coperative .with variations. in 'the .temperature ofl tlief a bath of molten glassjtherein, an electric motor for driving Vsaid'mechanism, a switch 'controllingthe: supply of current` t0 Saidv 130 i and connected to actuate said valve, wherebyy A i v v. motor, pilot rs1-cans for actuating said sivvfitelgy and tliermofsen'srtlye neans located insail' receptacle .and connected to actuate said.

pilot means,- whereby thev rate of operation,

of said drawing mechanism is Varied tocor!I respond with variations in the temperature of the metal in said receptacle.

8. In apparatus for drawing glassg draw-A ing pot o1" receptacle, mechanism coperative with said receptacle to draw` an article from a bath of molten glass thereinfan' electric motor -for driving said niechanisma'swit ch controllingthe supply of current to .said motor, fluid pressure means for actuatingsaidswitch, e pilot valve controlling'tliesupply of pressure fluid to-said 1neans, and thermo? sensitive mea-ns located in Said receptacle the rate of -operation of said drawing mechanism 'is varied to corres ond With varia-` tion-s in the temperature o the metal in said receptacle. y

.'9. appdiftu's'foidravfving vf dirmi-"5; ing pot orv receptacle, 'niechanism'coperat'vewith said receptacleto `draw anla' motor foi-'driving said mechanism, a-switch 'controlling .the-supply. of currentl to seid jmotor, fluid pressure 'means 'for' actuatingl said switch, a pilotvalve controlling the supply of pressure fluids-to, said` Ineens,l arda-f phragln valve for actuntingsaid pilot-valye, andan air-therinolneter located in: said` rei.

plirsigin valve,vwl1ereby the rate' 'of oper'aft of said drawing mechanism-is Varied. to c.

of the metal said receptclep y y l Signed, by me this 27th day ovfOctober,

ROBERTL. vFRIYIC-A y .s

respond with/Variations in the .'teniperture;

Attested 'by- MARY GLADWELL, JNO. F. OBERLIN.

Images