US971092A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

C. R. WALLER.

BLASTIG FLUID TUBBINE.

` lAPPLmnIoH num JUNE 1o, 1,909.

. Patented sept. 27,1910.

G BHEBTB-BHEBT 1.

y y A i npcnoz a da? owem i G. R. WALLER. ELASTIG FLUID TUIYBINE.

nrmu'rrax riLnn JUNI: 1o. 1909.

Patented separa?, 1910.

s sums-sum a.

(LR. WALLBR,

y f f n* ELASTICI FLUID TUBBINB, n Y n Y 4 ynrmoulolz P nzm 11111210.1209.

971,092. v y. f Patented sept 27,1910.

'y anpe-abou' admitting onl1 such proportion of working fluid ollhe other pressure or pressures es' may he required i carry the load; lo

control the. supply of bolli Working fluids by, menus of u, single governor; and to make the turbine relatively simple, compact., efficient und reliable. v 1

I willnow proeeeiio describe my invention with reference to the zieeoi-iipunyiug rinvings Y l'ujsuid' lraevings: Figure 1 shows zii'. end

' elevation or" one construction of turbine eniboi'lyiur my invention, the gearing of the type ol turbine illustrated und centrifugal governor Aof such turbine, being omitted.

.Fig Qshows a. vertical transverse section of the turbine through the primary' steam l .chest and the valve chambers. Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through the center of die valve chambers, taken on a. plane at right ongles: to hat of Fig. 2. 'Fig 4 shows :i` ver'- tieni axial section of Athe turl'mie.

v shows u. detail ariel, seellioii of the centrifushows a pieu .View Ior the 'turlirine l.`i,,. 10'

f "shone u derail fragmentary end elevation of i poriion oi the turbine embodying au zilternzitive arrangement of vulve... :if-l Fig.

El shows a deluii vertical section through.

"the vulve ehuiulier the liiiew--Jwy of Seeion ihre-f gli. lie .elve fil-amber on lie line rmi: oi Fig. ll. Fig. lll shows :i rietuil vertical section through the vulve elimin-l her ou the line g/-y o' Fig. 1.1, and Fig. "l shows :i etziil *.f'ei'icul section through the vul ve shanghai' ou iheline :#21 of Fig. l0.

Referring non: oihe drawings, ausl :il first to Figs. 1-9 inclusive, l desiguales "iie (fusing of the Wheel chamber of the turbine, 2 iiesigiiutes ilieiotiiry buekeffeerryiug whe-:el Within isa-,id easing, und 3 designates 'the shui?. uponl which said wheel is uiouiued. l (lo not iu lie .ivinve show the hue'ires ille elves in der A ii will be umler- :lumi thru'. serie are. :zrreugefl upon periphery of the wheel fl. iii ihe or i'nui'y uiuiuivr. 5 desigiiaies :i nozzle ring suf-fu us einnloyeil in *his class of lurliiiie, unil pressure. primary siepim iuling Lu minier chamber ithing i.. The nozzle ring 5 :separates this lov.' 'pr s-ure steam heet il from the wheel eliziml r "i', said nozzle ring comprisin; en urine-.hir porlion prui'eeiiiig through u, i "responding annular :soiree formed iii ".'ue e zig l, and. in iis uuuuinr per ioii of the uosizie there is u. sei-ondule ste-:im cheet- 9. For convenience in governing, this sec- ,niiilniy sleuiuchest is cuslouuirily diviihul into :i plurality of separate ehiuuoers 9, fl", 9 etc. final in the wull of the umiulur f )or- 7 7 tion t5 of the nozzle ringy opposite eeilz'iui of ille chambers i 9b, il@ ele. are :i ulurulily I i s y Y 1 of valve seared openings l0, one lor euch Such chamber; and for euchfueli openingY ihere isa corresponding vfilvell; the stems 'l2 of these \-'al\es,"11i the wustl-nation shown in the drawings, extending outward through suiiuble emilio" boxes bein" :irruiiireil to he b T) Y operated by suitable hund levers '14. As

Amerry expansion nozzles 1.5 may leurl from one of these chambers lla, 9b, etc., found convenient.. ln the eonsiruetiou shown, two nozzles leed from euch such chamber, :is indicated particularly .iii Fig. 7, hut. this nurnbei' is not materiel :ind vwill be varied, esy

convenience of design mulo-is desirable.

The. lou" .pressure primary steam chest (l, is provided with un admission pori', lu, l1`iff.,

2, io which eoiiueclefl a ow preesure ,vulve .cle-umher l? having iu ite suitable regulating The vulve openings l0 :ilrofe re- {erre-.cl io, serre to learl'the low pressure or eiliuusiseuiu roui the primar" .steam chess il, to the corresponding nozzles l5, The sup- Y il? of this "-i'eesure .sifeuni to the primary s :ieani eine ulre'lS, adjusted by u suialxle centrifugal g Ferner, as hereinafter described. The purrieelar forni rif- 10W pressure regulating i3 is controlled hy the regulatingv valve 18 shown,v is zi. hollow7 ilouble seared,

heluiieeil )upper vulve, compi sing two sali-'e edges seating :igerua eorrespoua'llug ported 'sorrisi-i', this vulve lining; inouiileil f i :upon a stem Low pres-sure sic-.uni is eflmiled tour. intermediate ,space 17a und, when Valve 184s open, pas-.es directly past the lower edge 25 of vulve lb und through the pori; of the lower valve seatll into the chamber 17 of Vnlveichaniher 17, and also passes through the port of vulve seat 2T und pastille upper edge Q5 o the vulve 1S iulo a chamber 3" and thence through the intexior of the hollow vulve 18 und the port of 'the lower valve seat 2 iler 17 of low pressure vulve 'Chamber 1T, and thence into the low pressure primary sieuin chamber 6. Y.

lio're Iiie leu' pressure valve chamber 17 is it' l l, re. vulreeluiniher to l-iie imermeilmre portion 2:5 oi'- whieh high pressure :steam is supplied. This inlerinediute rliuuiner 222 he vorteil vulve seats "24;, for a lfS-iurf'ri regule?, je vulve eoniprizsing two valves mourned upon the sume siem 231, ii'liirli .simu iuouuri'l to slide in bearings in The lower wail of the high pressure vulve @houiller und in the bonnet. E22" of that valve chamber. The upper portioiiof the :stern l of the lou' pressure regulating valve is rezlueeil :ind also works through the iirig orifice in the lower well ol the high itc the lower ehunipressure valve sieur;

.nessuro Valve clianiber being directly v eneath the high pressure valve al;em'2l.

i "hen the vali-fea 2B are seaieei, and rave lo i ahore imnioned, is mounted.

isalso seated, there is asliglit space between the low prssure traire stem 2' and high pressure valve i8 has opened somewhatits valve stein 26 ahuts against; valve. stein 2?,

and further raisirncr oi.' valve'l'raises' the high pressure valves 23 against the pressure of a. spring 23h. Therefore, one movement I of the stem 26 serves to open both vala-e 'lf3 and valve 23, valie 1S opening tiret and after it valve 23; and in Chasing, the two valves move together until the valve 23 has closed, after Which valve 18 continues its downward motion alone. `W'hen valve i3 opened 'high pressure steam admitted into the chamber passes through the ported seats .24 into the. main portion of high pressurejyalve chamber 2:2, and thence passes through a conduit into a high pressure n steam chest .20, yfrom whence pipes 'i9 lead to certain high pressure nozzles connected to corresponding chambers 9*', 9K, vSY, ete., in the nozzle rimar these ipes 19 passing through suitable stulling oxes 19" in the 'front otra-Ising 1. In the high pressure steam chest 20, suitable valves 2l (Fig. 6)

are provided for regulating independently several pipes 19.

The valve stein 26 passes through a suitable guide `orifice in the lower wall of the low pressure'ifalve chamber 17, into the high pressure steam chest :'20, and is there connected to one arm of a bell crank lever 2U., the other arm of which is outside of the high pressure steam chest :20 and is arranged io be :ictuated by a .centrifugal governor 30; agovernor spring 31 aeting upon this bell crank and tending to causethe hell crank to follow the stem of the governor when the same is retracted. y

I do not limit a'iyself to any partie type ot' governor fo: a-fljue'ting the va'. but the particular governor illustrateox in Figs. 3 and is convenient, for the pur rose, and eomprises centrifugal' weights 38, a\,- ing knife edges 39 bearing against a dislc 4U mounted upon a shaft. 41, and Springs l2 and 43 pressing against. a disk 4l itself pressing againer, the heads of 'screws 45 carried by the inner end of the' -governor weiuhts 38. lt. will be obvious that. as the shait l1 rotates, these goreinor Weights 38 tend to ily out, such tendency being:r resised by the springs l2 and 43. and also by the lspring; 31' shown in Fig. 3.

As shown particularly in l? 9 this turbine comprises, as is usual in turbines of the but. when the low i l i l l l l l l f i l i l partirulartj'pe illnetrated,piuions-i? nrulnted upon the turbine wheel shaft 3 and inierinesmng with gears 8 en opposite sides o 'ne pinionsgl, and themselves mounted vupon tufo shafts 41. From. either of these shaji l power may he taken oil'. in one ot' rlit sli-:rits -ll the .speed governor :30

ln the o )eration ci ihis urbiuet as :.ilready described, the governor eo adjusts the valves that as great a 1 portion kof the tot-:il poier developed as possible, developed"from the low pressure steam:

But the operatormay. and will eustiunarily.

control the operation of the turbine more erv auch regulation heingautomaiir.

possible.. by having 01115r those nozzles in 1 seri'iee which are absolutely required for v carrying the load; the low preneurs regulat ing valve being therefore, customarily, wide. open, and the high pressure regulating Valve on the point. of opening; though when the load conditions. or the supply of high pressure and low pressuresteam, are very va riable, a rgreater working margin may be provided, by leaving open morenozzles than are abs-rarely required by conditions exist.- ing at the moment. v

As shown in my companion application Serial No. 50h29?, l may provide an emergency valve and .suitable pipe connections for permitting a portieri of lhehigh pressure steam to How into the low pressure steam chest 6, and thence to the low pressure nozxles; this high pressure Steam being either throtiled down to or above .the pressure intended to be ymaintained norn'xally in the lo.' pressure be started either with low pressure steam or with high pressure steam. as nur.' be most convenient: and that if the. machine is in taiereilon, the gvernor will aut-)iuatieally adjust the 'valves so that as great a proportion as possible of the load will lie Carried bythe low pressure Steam. l

It. will, of course, be apparent that-,should there he any occasion for doing so, the valve mechanism can be rearranged so that as much as possible of the load is carried by the high pressure steam, and the low pressure steam is used only to supplement the act-ion ot' the high precrn'e. steam. It will also be understood tha, in the ease of a. turbine of 1er. 'l

:ilternatiije type of valve gear, iii which the' proper capacitywith respect to the load to lie carried, the turbine can carry its full load at: iioriiiiil speed if operated either with low pressure sieaiii'aloiie, or with high pressure steaiii alone, or if operated partly with-high pressure and pai-tl)` with low pressure steam.

In Figs. 1044 inclusive, .l illustrate an the-interior of valve chamber Lil.' This chaiiiher 5l coiiiniuiiii'ales with high pressure strani chest 20, from which the pipes 19 lead to the high pressure nozzles. rllieiiliigli pressure regulating valve o3 isa double 'tialaiiced piippet;i':ilve, and isopei'ateil by abelli'raiik lever 5l, one arni of which is within kthe high pressure steam chest 20 iizidchani- ,liers'iLlhe oi'liei'ariii .itsuch lielicranklieing outside ot' the high pressure steam chest and 'connected high pressure steam spaces, The

loir pressure valve cl'iaiiilier 5f) al; the side of the high pressure valve cliziiiil'ier 50, and

is provided 'with a port 55 for tlicadiiiis-Y .sion of low pressure steam to ils interior. "Within it is an intermediate chamber {u} haringr ported valve seat-s 57 connecting it with the interior of valie chandler ,This interior chamber 5G communicates hy ii port j 56" with the low pressure. steam chest of the turbine. The low pressure regulating; valve 5S is av doulile balanced puppetvalve, and it is operated by a hell crank lever 59, one arm of which is within the space {it} and the. other ziiiii of which is outsideof the lo pressure steam chest, and is arranged to lie actuated by the stein of the governor 30.

This hell @raul-c has secured to it another arm', 60, which is directly iii rontof tli'e external ai'iii of the higli-pressure-valve hell crank 5l; and a spring til connects these tivo arme, and another weaker spring 62 is connected to liell crank 5l and to some fixed portion of the machine. In the operation of the turbine`I as speed rises above normal and the governor operates accordingly, the arin C-U is moved to the left of Fig. 11, the niotion of such arm being transmitted through sprii'ig 61, with little or no extension of that spring, to hell crank 54, the high pressure valves: 53 lining thereby uio-fed toward their seats, and, finally, closed r' and if thespeed rises still further, the governor mores arni G0 still farther to the left-and since bell crank :His no longer ahle to more in that direction'- valves :'il being seated`l iiiotioii is coiiiiriiinicated to the low pressure rali-'e .3S only, until finally said valve may bo closed nein-lv or completely. ,As speed falls, valves 58 opeii first, owing to the greater stiffness of'spriiig (il, and if such valves be open wide, further decrease in Speed causes opening of the rali-es 53.

:lt rwill he .obvious that numerous-mechaiiisiiis` may oe devised for' the Joint control and successive opeiiinzgl and closing, of high pressure and low pressure valves,'by the action mi avsiiigle governoigvthe mecliaiiism herein illustrated :ind describedbeing only` ivm ot the many which might he' devised.

. lVliat. I claim is:- l; An elastic fluid .turbine comprising aii'ieans and lower pressure workingiiiid supply means therefor, and governing' nii-ans controlling the. supply of bothisiich ii'orliing fluids and arranged to begin the the other fluid is begun. and to vdiscontinue the supply of one such tiuid before the supply of the other fluid is discontinued, coin-A prisiiig separate high pressure and low pres-l sure puppet valves in line with one another '9G' and rarranged to he actuated one by the other, hut disconnected one with respect. to the other and arranged to seat. independf cody, anda single governor and connecting devices connecting said governor to one 0f 95 Asaid alves` the valve so connected tothe governor being arranged to`be. moved from its seatheorc it. encounters the other valve and mov said latter valve troni its seatx in j turn, tliesaid latter valve heilig arranged to '10o scat. during closing of the valves, before the seating; of that, valve which is connected' to the governor. I` 2. A ii elastic fluid turbine comprising in combination a rotor, high pressurev and low' IOS pressure Anozzles for supplying Working Huid Y thereto, and geve-ming means controllingv the supply of ivorlnng fluids to suoli nozzles comprising separate high pressure and low' pressure puppet? valves in line with one another and arranged to be actuated one by the other, hat. disconnected one with respect to the other and arranged to seat independently, and a single governor and connect- 1' iiigilevices connecting said governor to one ot 'said valves, theviilve so :onnectcd to the goernor being arranged to be nioved fromv its scat. before it-encounters-the'other valve, and nieves said latter valve from its scat in f turn, the. said latter valve being arranged to seat, during closing of the valves, before the seating of that valve which is connected to i the governor.

3. An elastic fluid turbine comprising a rotor` high pressure working iuid supply 125 nieaiis and loirerpressure -working-fiiiid supply n'ieziiis therefor, a high pressure valve clianiher and a low pressure valve chamber and puppet valves. therein for controllingY flow of high pressure working fluid -and low rotor, high pressure working fluid supply so j -siipplygor' one such thiid at'ter the supply of a5 s711092 ,y e .5

pressure working Huid reepectivel said Valves arranged in line with'one anot ier and one arranged to open the other 'when itseli Opern and after thas been opened. some- .5 what, and a single governor arranged to actnate that valve whichl is arranged-to open the other. v v ,Y v

4. An elastic-Huid turbine comprising a rotor, a. high pressure valve chamber and a 10` lon-'pressure valveelaimber, and high pressure and low-'preSSure puppetI valves located therein and inlne'with one another, the low pressure valve disconnected from'the high pressure valve butJ arranged to lift the high l5 pressure valve `from its seat after Said low preesure valve has been lift-ed from its seat, said valves arranged to seat, independently, `a centrifugal orernor driven by theturbine and a pivote lever actuated by said gov 20 ernor and connected tothe stemoff the lon-vk pressure valve and arranged to more said valve from and tovard i'esseat.

`5; An elastic luid turbine comprising e turbine easing having in it a rotor chamber,

25 aro'tfor therein having a series of buckets, a i

plurality of separare steam vchests in said casing and expansion nozzles extending from saidsteamgehcsts to the rotor chamber and arranged all to directr Working Huid directly against the saine Series of'buekets. the nozzles of certain of said :steam chests o diiierent expansion ratio than the nozzles of others of said Vsteam chests, independent working-lluid-supply-xneauxsfor the Steanr ratios, independent. puppet suoply valu-s for v chests having'expansion nozzle of diii'ercnt.

@aan RICHARD WALLER,

Witnesses: Y

g H. M. MARBLE, l f FRANK-E. RAFFMAN. v

snecieation in the presence-of two subscrib-

Images