US970063A

US970063A - Internal-combustion engine.

Info

Publication number: US970063A
Application number: US34696806A
Authority: US
Inventors: Simon Lake
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1906-12-08
Filing date: 1906-12-08
Publication date: 1910-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 1927-09-13

Description

s. LAKE. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO.8,1906. 970,063 Patented sept. 13f 1910.

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APPLICATION FILED DEG.8, 1906.

Patented Sept. 13, 1910.

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APPLICATION FILED DEO.8; 1906.

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SIll/[ON LAKIEL, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sgpt, 13, 1g10 Application filed December 8, 1906.

Serial No. 346,968.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it. known thatl I, SiiioN Lann, a citizen of the United States, residing aty Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State oil'.

' Y height, such as in'marine vessels, automobiles, and thelike, wherein a high lieat'is obtained by burning suitable fuel and' this heat reduced by adniixture with ,steam geneiiated iii-the apparatus; and to provide "for obtaining compression in alternate furnaces. l y' A mai'n object of this invention is to pro-v vide a construction wherein a very high tempei'atlire is obtained, so that'low grade fuel may be used and steam generated and admitted into the working end of the cyl-' indei' to reduce the temperature of the gases, which avoids iiijury to the valves and cylindei', and at the same time provides a working fluid at' reduced temperature and ot' higher pressure 'than has heretofore been obtained. n l These and other features gern'iane thereto constitute lthe invention, as will now be described and then particularly pointed *out and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings 'illustrating the in\f'ention, in the several figures ot' which like parts are similarly designated, Fig. '2. is a side elevation. fFig. 3 is a vertical section, taken substantially in the plane ot line A li, Fig. 7. Fig. 4 is a verti fal section at rightI angles to Fig. l and taken substantially in the plane of line C l), Fig. 'i'. Fig. 5 is a` top plan view. Fig. is a. horizontal crosssection through the working cylinder and furnaces` the top ot the piston being partly broken away. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section through vthe con'ipression cylinder and piston, Fig. 8 isa vertical section on a largei' scale through the upper pai't of one ot the furnaces. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of portions of a modification and showing at right and left, on a lai'ger scale, the val-ves inrit-he air-pipes. Fig. lO'is a vertical section, on a larger scale, showing details of the pumps. Fig. 1l is a longitudinal sectiofn of the puinp plunger and connections. The base l is of'suitable construction, and

adapted to the use and location of the engine, and it is preferably provided with` a eater-jacket 2 orotliei" medium for keeping it relatively' cool so as not to interfere with proper lubrication of the moving parts. Thisbase, has erected in it the cylinders of

vltwo oil pumps

3 and 4, and these cylinders Above the base is erected 'a housing ll, y

secured to it in any suitable air-tight. man- 15. and an air-outletI passage '1(3. Between the housing and base are the bearings '1T 'for the main crank-shaft 18. .ln the housing is a ledge 19 dipping inwardly and toward the shaft bearings, and below' this ledge are. similar but shoi'ter ledges 2() and '21, leading to oil-holes 23, in the shaft bearings.

Mounted above and secured to thel housing is the engine cylinder Q-t, having two chambers of t'litt'ei'ent diameter, the larger chamber 25 constituting an air-comprcssion cliambe' and the. snialler 20 constituting the power-chanibcr or woi'king cylinder proper. 'lhe cylinder Q-l is \\'aterjacketed or otherwise equipped with cooling agencies. The lower end of thc larger chamber opens into the housing and base and` its upper end into .the working cylinder, and the top ot' the werking-cylinder is closed by a head 2T, having an exhaust. valve 28 mechanically operated, as hereinafter explained.

lithin the cylinder is the trunk-piston 2t) having an outer shell 3() and an inner shell 31 connected air-tight at top and bottoni. The piston has a compression head 32 to work inthe compression chamber and apower head 33 to work in the working chamber or cylinder. The inner shell may `be and is here shown as pyramidal to pro- 4vide for the oscillation of the connectingrod 34. This connecting-rod is hollow, that.,

is to say, it is provided with a long itiulinal This housing has an air-inlet' valve 439 of the 'main shaft 18.

lThe wrist-pin 38 is connected by elbow. pipe withthe' hollow plunger -41 ofthe bore 35 which `opens in thecross-

heads

36 and 37, the former engaging the hollow wrist-'pin 38 inthe upper end of the piston and the latter engaging thelcrankwrist-pin oil-pump 3. Thisvplunger has in its bottom a check-valve 42 and hence as the piston descends the plunger goes with it and forces va supply of oi-l through the' plunger and pipe to the interior `of the wrist-pin 38 .which overflows through oiening into the cross-head 36 and lubricates it and the wrist-pin and then runs down through the connecting-rod to the cross-head 37 and lubricates it andthe crank'wrist-pin. y The reciprocation of the piston alternately charges and discharges'the pump- 3. The pump 4 has a similar hollov7 plunger with a check-valve therein, and its plunger is .connected with a pipe 44 having' an elbow connection with the piston head 33, so as toA lubricate. it and the lower' piston head.-

As shown in Fig, 11, the plungcrs :are parts of or fixed to castings'45 on the lowerl head of the piston, and the communicating pipes are attached to the same feature. The oil falling into the base is swept up by the' moving cross-head and thrown off onto the

ledges

19, 20 and 21 and utilized to lubricate the shaft bearings.

The cylinder has a passage 4G connected with the passage 16 in t-he housing and ,opening int-o the interior of the cylinder, `said opening being controlled by an` auto- Other passages 48` matic check-valve 47. lead from the cylinder into the furnaces 4), of which there are two, as indicated in Figs. 5 and (3, and these passages are controlled by valves 50 which are power-actuated. For instance,v the valves may be closed by air pressure taken from the compression chamber 25 through pipe 51 to act against the pisL t0n or diaphragm on the stem of the valve 50 to normally close the said valve, while the opening nloveinentis effected by the lever 53 or other valve-gear, one exam ple being hereinafter fully explained.

The furnaces are substantially alike and include a highly refractory lining 54, a firelu'e boiler 55, a fuel inlet 56,'a water-jacket 57 which in addition 4supplies wat'er to the boiler 55, band a sparking device .58. The

furnaces are supplied with outlet passages 59 opening into valve chambersl (3() in which are lvalves 61, opening int-o the working` cylinder, said valves being mechanically opened, as hereinafter descriliel'l. As shouui in Fig. 8,`thcsc valves are each provided with a piston ot larger arca than the valve itself, and exposed on its upper surface to atmospheric pressure. matically seated.V

The steam generated in -the boiler is col- 'l`he valve is aulo;-

ipe 'G3 with .the f composed of two partsfbetween whichis t formed an air-tight space. To preventthe 'expansion of air within this s aceV from doing injury to l the parts, reliet checlovalves G5 and 66 are providedlnthe bottom ofthe piston.'A Or in the case of an'enginc oflarger size, 'as shown in Fig. 9,' there may-be used the air pipes G7''nd GS 'pass'ed through the housing-and up into the piston in anysuit-v able air-tight manneii-,and terminating in checlrvalves 69 and' 70, each "of which-is lshown in detail at thesidesV (ifV said-Fig. i).

In either case, on' the down stroke Iof the pistony a quantity of air is 1admitted intotlie i piston through the inlet check-valve and on the reverse stroke a-quantity of air is dis charged from the Vpiston'through the outlet check-valve; and in case lof the 'use of the pipes, Fig. 9, the relative quantities will be substantially equal to the displacement ory said pipes.: Any other 1neans-.mayy be employed for controlling the 4air within the piston.

Inasmuch as there Will be some accumula-4 tion of oil Within th'e 'basethat islin condi' branch pipe 71, FigulO, may be connected to, said base and Ainlet oil pipe'to effect a circulation ofthe oil. The pipe 72, or other suitable means connecting the steam-chamber 62 and water-jacket, may be' used fori caring for the water of condensation. Suita'bly .ar-

' ranged cams 73 on a cam-shaft 74 coperate with levers 53 to open the proper time. i

the air valves at 1, the camlshaft74 is" As shown 1n drlven by a shaft 75 having gears7G,rat each y tion to be used over again repeatedly, ai end which are in mesh vwith gears 77 and 7S, l

carried by .the lmain and -cain-shatts, respectively. The shaft' 75 is alsoln'ovided with a suitable governor 79. '.lhe steam valve 60X has its stem connected with alever 8O to which ...is also connected a rod 8l;

lthe lowerend of which is provided Witlii'a yoke 82 which carnes a roller that is engaged by a

cam

8,3, niountedtupon' the camshaft 74. The exhaust valve 28 is operated by a lever-84 and a connectingl rod 85, .the lowerfend of which 4is yprovided with a rev ciprocating yoke that is engagedby a double cam 85 carried by cam-shaft74.

Levers

86, 86, for positively operating valves ('l are operated by connecting rods 87, `87., and. their reciprocating yokes, byoppositely arranged cams87" on cam-shaft 74. i

"88 designatesv fue] puinps to which are! connected pipes 89 which extend to the fuel vers are connected vat their upper ends to .may receive a second.compression.

'thesteins of the valves 50 aiidhave their lower ends forked and provided with antifriotion rollers, which are respectively engaged by the 'oi'ipositely arranged cains 7?) carried by the cani-shaft 74.

9% designates la check-valve arranged in the pipe 63 extending froin the steain doine 62 to the cylinder.

95 is any suitable tty-wheel.` y l Iny theioperation of the engine, air is first drawn into the base` on the up strokeof the piston, and on the down stroke th'e a'ii' so drawn in forced through the passages lt') and 46 into the aiicoinpressiiig chan'iber,

and on the first stroke a very considerable. "quantity of air is forced in and this is an advantage, because at the next up stroke for effecting a compression of the air, that portion of the air that is forced into the furnaceI Fuel is admitted into the furnace, at any tiine froin vthe commencement of the down stroke until the top of thenext up stroke is reached, and ignited, sonie of the products of con'ibust'ioii passing up through the boiler and into the passage 59 and to the valve (il. Meanwhile, steani is being generated in the boiler` the products of combustion, however, remaining at a proper working temperature while confined Within the furnace. 'hcn the val-ve 61 is opened (on the power stroke) the highly heated products of coiiilnistion contained within the furnace pass through the boiler to the cylinder, the temperature thereof being somewhat reduced by radiation to the boiler. AA very great advantage.

is thus gained, since the ten'iperature of the ignited gases is very high when ignited Within a furnace. provided with a highly a refractory wall, and such' temperature inay be as high as two thousand `five hurdred (9500) or three thousand (3000) degrees, or perhaps higher and at a pressure of only a couple of hundred pounds per square inch, while the teniperature'of steam at. tive hundr'ed (500) pounds pressure is only about'. 4four hundred and seventy (470) degrees.

The temperature of the gas, therefore. is so high that it is Ainjurious to vthe valves and tylinders and will not adinit of their proper lubrication; but. by utilizing this heat-to produce steam and then combining both the. steam and gas Within the power cylinder,

.valves t'il ainl tit." closed to prevent thereturn 'of thc products of combustion to the furnace and boiler] 'lhc sparking devices Titi' may be cut outotI opciation in any suitable manner. as by a usual .switch in the sparking circuit. and thtl compression of thc air in thc furnacesI relied upon to ctiect the explosion ol' the charge. and by the use of the'coinpound coinpiersiiig arrangement in connection with tht` furnaces, it is possible to coinprcss the air inl thc fur-- naccssutliciently to cause the charge toex- Dlodc and thus ett'cct4 thc operation of thc cngiiu` without the vices.

As shown in Fig'. l, the parts ai'e arranged to show thc cycle ol' operation. 'lhc piston v is shown at the bottoni ofthe stroke and has conipressc'd the air prcvitliusly drawn into the crank.chainber through the induction valve l5 into the intermediate compression space or cylinder 25,'the aii passingthrough port #ttt and through .valve 47. 1

4lt' will be'observed that the. lower end of the piston is of larger area than the upper ciid, and that the space in the crank 'pit'. below the piston, wheirin its down position, has been reduced to barely sufficient size to pcrniit the rotation fof the crank which usc of the lsparking deallows a considerable compression iii the` lower cylinder. ln practice this inay be as inuch as iiltecn or twenty pounds per .square inch and will give the advantage. .usual inl vtwo-staj ,rc compressors where a high .coinprcssion is desirable. )ii the following up` stroke, the air passes through valve 50 which which perinits the escape of the |`noducts of combustion froinfurnace '-tl to drive the piston on itsiiext dowi'rstroke. .Xtthe ino- 'nient of opening valve (31', the steain valve (30X is also opened by its respective lever and cain.

'l`he' valves 50 are operated alternately so` as to charge the two fur-races alternately. The valves leadingfroin tne furnaces to the cylinder are also operated alternately. the steam valve (SOX 'being operated to adinit steaiii into the cylinder on each successive working stroke of the piston. VVith'tbe two furnaces in operation this permits the inje-r prising a cylinder containing an air coni-l pressing chamber and a power chamber, a trunk `piston having heads fitted to the respective chambers, an air-tight base upon which thev cylinder is mounted, a power shaft Within said base, avconnecting rod connecting the shaft and piston, a passage connecting said compressing chamber and base,

if and means to admit air into the base to be `which the air is discharged from the coni-4 `means for igniting the charge, and a d lsage connecting said furnace With the'poweicy compressed therefrbm on the down-stroke of the piston Iinto the air compressing cham- .be'r through said passage at intervals, the

,said piston adapted to compress the air in and discharge it from the compressing chamber on .the up-stroke, combined with a furnace communicating with the compressing chamber and into which the highly compressed air is conducted `from the compressing chamber before entering the power chamber, a fuelsupply for Said furnace and chamber whereby the products of combustion are conducted into the power chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine, -comprising a cylinder containing an air compressing chamber and a power chamber, a trunk piston having heads fitted t0 the respective chambers, an air-tight base upon .which the cylinder is mounted cominunicati ing with the air compressingr chamber', a

powershaft within said base, a connecting rod connecting' the shaft and piston, and means to admit air into the base to be coinpresscd therefrom into the air compressing chamber at intervals, and means to discharge the air from the con'ipressing chamher, combined with a furnace communicating. with the compressing chamber and into pressing chamber, a fuel supply for said furnace, and means for igniting the mixture of air and'fuel, a steam boiler adjacent to said Ifuriiact-i and exposed to its heat, and means to admit the products of combustion and steam to the power chamber.

3. An internal combustion engine, comprising' .a cylinder containing an air compressing chamber and "a power chamber, a trunk piston lia-ving heads fitted to the respective chambers, an air-tight base upon which the cylinderis mounted communicating with the air 'compressing chamber, a power shaft within said base, a connecting rod connecting the shaft and piston, and means to admit air into the base to be coinpressed therefrom into the air compressing paschanber at intervals, combined with a furnace cpmmunicating with said compressing chamber and into which the air is discharged from the compressing chamber, a fuel supply for the furnace and means for ignitingthe mixture of air and fuel, a steam boiler adjacent to said furnace and exposed, to `its heat, passages to admit the products of combustion and steam to the power cham-- ber, and valves for controlling the admission of air from the base into the compressing chamber and from the compressing chamber into the furnace, and `valves for controlling the admission of steam and products of combustion' into the power chamber. l

4. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder containing an air vcoinressinoi chamber and a oowerchaniber a D 7 I trunk `piston having heads fitted to the respective chambers, an air-tight base upon which the cylinder is mounted, a passage connecting said base with the compressing chamber, a power shaft within said base, a

connecting rod connecting the shaft V,and piston, and means to admit air into the base to be compressed therefrom on" the. downstroke of the piston into the aii coii'ipressing chamber at intervals, the said piston adapt- --cd to compress the air iii and discharge it from the compressingchamber on the up` stroke, combined with a furnace communicating with -the power chamber and into which the highly compressed airis discharged from the compressing chamber before entering the power chamber, a fuel supply, for said furnace, and means to ignite the mixture of air and fiiclin said furnace, and a valvevto control the admission of the products ofl combustion into the power chamber from said furnace.

An internal combustion engine, coniprisiiig a base fonstituting a compression chanihcr, ai cylinder having a compressing'. chain-ber adapted to communicate with said base and i )ower chamber a ilura'ht of furnaces adjacent to `said cylinder adapted to communicate with the said cyhn'derlcom# pressing cihanirber, means for admittingair to the base, a 31s,.on in said cvlinder forl'conipressi/ng the air from the base into the cylinderw compressing chamber on the downstroke and from the cylinder compressing chambcrfy intovthe furnaces alternately on the rip-strokes,,means for controlling the :id-' mission of the highly compressed air from the cylinder compressing chamber to the furnaces, means for admitting fuel to the furnaces, meansfor igriting the --air'and fuel in the furnaces, andmeans for alteriiately admitting the products of combustion from the furnaces ,tothe power chainber of the cylinder. i

(i. An internal" combustion engine, coinprising a base constituting a compression chamber, a cylinder having a compressing chamber adapted to communicate w1th said base, and a power chamber, a plurality of furnaces adjacent to the cylinder and adapt- 5 ed to communicate with vthe said cylinder compressing chamber, means for admitting air into the base, a piston in said cylinder for compressing the air from the base into the cylinder compressing chamber, means 'i0 for controlling th'e admission of air from the cylinder compressing chamber to the furnaces, means for admitting fuel to the furnaces, and means for alternately igniting the mixture of air and fuel in the furneces, a boiler` arranged in each furnace,

means for alternately admitting the products of combustion from the furnaces to the power chamber of the cylinder, and means for admitting steam from the boilers 2 0 to the power chamber of the cylinder.

7. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder having chambers of different diameters, a trunk piston having heads of different dian'leters fitted to the respective chambers and forming a power chamber and a compressing chamber, a power shaft, a'connecting rod connecting the shaft and piston, a valve-controlled passage leading to the said compressing chamber to admita fresh supply of air at intervals to the compressing .chamber on the powerv stroke of the piston, a furnace communicating with'and into which the air isdischarged from said compressing-chamber on the return stroke of the piston before entering the power chamber, a fuel supply for said furnace, a assage connecting said furnace and power c iamber, and a valve for controlling the inlet to the power chamber.

4o 8. An internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder containing an air compressing chamber and apower chamber, a brunt. piston having heads fitted to the respective. chambers, a power shaft, a connecting rod connecting the shaft and piston, a

valved passage to admit air into the compressing chamber at. intervals to be dis charged therefrom 'by said pistou, combined with a furnace vc'ommunit-,ating With and boiler adjacent to said furnace and exposed to its heat, passages establishing communication between the furnacel and the power chamber and fromv the steam boiler to the power chamber,'a valve for controlling the,

in on the up stroke of the piston, a furnace eommumcatmg with the compressing cham- -ber and into which the airis conducted from fuel and highly compressed and exploded before entering the power chamber, means for pogtrolling the passage of the air from the compressing chamber to the furnace, a valvecontrolled passage connectingthe furnace and the power ehamber,means for op.n erating the valve controllin4 the passage, and a fuel supply for said urnace.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 6th day of December A. l).

i SIMON LAKE.

Witnesses M. D. BLONDEL,

WM. M. SonoLz.

into which the air is discharged from theV compressing chamber and wherein 1t is igmted 1n the presence of fuel, a steani admission Vof air from the compressing the compressing chamber and mixed with stroke of the ypiston to be compressed there#