US966752A - Calculating device. - Google Patents

Description

M. "1. JOY. GALGULATING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION H'LBD JUNE 1, 1909. l

Patented Aug. 9,1910.

.s sums-Linn 1.

65. l ZUQR MQW f 05W www @y M. T. JOY.

CALCULATING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNB1,1909.

966,752. Patented Aug. 9.1910.

z sHBETsHsHEET z.

j/@ vwvglw y To azz whom o my 'YNABD '.l. JOY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALCULATINQ DEVICE.

Be it known thatI, MAYNARD' T. lllo-r, a.

. citizen of the United States, residing at NewL York, in the county of New York and' State of New York, have' invented a certaln new and useful Calculating Device, of which: the follcwin is a specification.

The o ject ,of my invention is to provide a device of simple, durable and inexpensive construction, that. may be made almost entirely from past-aboard 'and paper and that may be used for carrying out all ofthe ordnary purposesv for which a calculating machine is usually employed and Without the use of mechanical total-carrying devices,A

My invention consists in t e A arrangement, and combination o fjthe rari! ous parts of the device, whereby 'the ob]ects` contemplated are 'attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed 'out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 shows a plan View of a complete device embodying my invention. Fig. 2 shows a sectional, perspective View of same taken on a'longitudinal, central line,- and Fig. 3 shows a 'plan `View of one of the adding wheels detached.

ln the accompanying drawings, I have shown a frame and three adding wheels. Obviously, the number of the adding wheels is not material and either more or less may be used as desired.

Each adding wheel consists of a disk 10 preferably made of cardboard, having on one face near its peripher Y a series of rudiallyr extending lines dividing it into approximately one hundred spaces, there heini;r a not-ch 11 in the periphery of the disk 10 between each pair of said division lines.

Arranged in a circle on the face of the disk 10 and spaced apart from the periphery of the disk is a series of numerals, one numeral being arranged between each of the radial division lilies. This row is composed of a number of series of numerals. each series beginning with O and running consecutively to 9, one numeral between each pair of radial division lines. These series of numerals extend all around the disk and, hence, there are ten series oi' numerals ra nging from 0 to 9. Said numerals are arranged upon the disk contrary clockwise, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

Specification nf Lettcra Patent. appar-aupa inea J'ne 1, 1909. serial No. $9,523.

construction,

Patent-ed Aug. 9, 1910.

scribed, is a second row of numerals arranged 111 a' `circle nearer. the center of the f lvdiskthan the rst rcw'of numerals. This second row of numerals comprises a number ot scries. In the first series there are ten of the immoral 1, said numerals l being arranged in line radially with the numerals of one .of the first mentioned series with nuxnerals' from 0 to 9. The next set of nu- Adjacent to the row of numerals just de merals are ten 2s, then ten 35, and so on to 65 0, these sets being arranged contrary clockwise beginning with 1 and ending with 0.

'Hence, in each of the spaces between two l radial division' lines, there is a numeral near 'est 4the center of t-he disk in the row that is A'i0 hereinafter called the Carrying row and there is also, a numeral in the outer row which 1s hereinafter called the Calculating series. In other words, there are, on the inner or carrying row, ten series of numerals,

all of the numerals in each series being the same; and on the outer or calculating row, there are ten series of numerals, each series comprising the numerals 0 to 9'consecut-ively arranged. In order to provide for quickly 30 and conveniently returning the calculating wheel to starting point, I have provided, in one of the radial spaces, a red or other colored niark indicated by the numeral 12.

This niark is in the same radial space in 35 which is contained the numeral 9 on the carrying row and the numeral 0 on the calculating row, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

The means for supporting the calculating disks comprises a base 13 preferably made 90 of cardboard and hai-'ing a. portion of one end cut away on a segmental line leaving the two radial shoulders 14. These radial shoulders are spaced apart from each other a distance corresponding to ten of the radial spaces on the calculating disk and the edge of the disk projects beyond the cut-away portion of the base 13 a slight distance. as shown in Fig-.1. Said parts are so arranged that an operator may readily and easily insert a finger nail in an)T one of the notches ll and then more his finger toward one of the shoulders lil. und the calculating disk will be stopped when his finger strikes upon either one of the shoulders 14.

Mounted on top of the base 13 is the culculating disk 10 mlntahly supported thereon'by means of a rivet. 15. Overlapping the vided 'with two rows of numerals spaced fapartthe same distance astho radial spaces on that portion of the calculating disk that -is adjacent `t o thecir'cular edge of the sheet otpcper 16.1 :The-rowiofnumerals nearest i. filo .to Seid-dgebegins with 0 at the bottom and --is continued'consecutively to `9ct the top, vand adjacent, to this row of figures., 1s the l word Add. Adjacent to said first 'rowof fi 4ures onthe sheet 16 is a second row begin- `I'nngwith 0 at the top andcontinuing con secutivelyto' 9 at the bottom, and adjacent 4to this second row is the word Subtract.

In said sheet of paper 16, is an opening 17 through which one of the numerals of the inner row of the calculating disk maybe seen,` and formed in said sheet of paper 16, near the bottom of the segmental portion thereof, is an openin 18 through which one ofthe numerals of t 1e outer row of ligurcs on the caltnllating. disk may be seen. These openings 17 and 18 must be so arranged and disposed relative toeach other and to the numerals upon the disk 10 that, when the radial space containing the mark 12 is in such position that the numeral 0 shows through the opening 18, then the first one of the numerals 0 on the inner row of numerals on the calculating disk will appear through the opening 17.

When three calculating disks are used in one device, each disk is providedv "with a base 13 and a cover sheet 16, and they are arranged as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, one above the other, the upper ones being cifset from the edge of the adjacent one under them so that the openings 17 and 18 in each of the sheets 16 may be clearly seen and so that the operator may have access to the edges of the disks 10. The three disks and the bases and cover sheets for them are all preferably connected by means cfa binding strip 19 secured to the edges thereof.

n practice, it is obvious that the device may be constructed very cheaply and inexensively because the calculating disks may be stamped out by means of dies and the numerals and marks placed thereon by an ordinary printing process, and the cover sheets 16 may also be stamped out by means of dies and printed in an ordinary manner.

In practical use, the device is susceptible of carrying out all of the operations of which calculating machines are ordinarily capable. As a practical illustration of the operation of the device, we will assume, for instance, that the number 976 and the number 714cm to be added. It is to be un derstood that in the arrangement of the da `vice shown in Fig. 1, the calculating disk to the right is for units, the next one to the left for tens, and the last one to the leftfor new hundreds.v The operator places one finger nail in the notch 11 adjacent to thc numeral V9 inthc Add column of the hundreds calculating disk, and hc then moves his finger downwardly until it strikes upon the lower shoulder 14, thcreb causing the calculatin disk to be move nine spaces, and when `t is is done, the numeral 9 on the outer row of the calculating disk will a pear through the adjacent opening 18. l e then places his finger nail in the notch adjacent .to-the numeral 7 in the Add column 4of the tens calculating disk and moves his linger downwardly until it strikes the shoulder `14, whereupon the numeral '7 will show `through the adjacent opening 18. He then places his finger nail in the notch adjacent to the numeral 6 on the Add column of the units calculatin disk and moves his linger down until it str1kes the shoulder 14, whereupon the numeral 6 will show throughitlle adjacent openin 18. Thus far none of the calculating dis s have moved ten spaces, hence the numerals 0 will show through all of the openings 17. Then in order to addthe number 714 to the number already' 'placed on the device, the operator places his Enger nail in the notch adjacent to the numeral 7 in the Add column of the hundreds calculatin disk and moves it down until it strikes t e shoulder, where upon'f the numeral 1 on the inner row of numerals on'the calculating disk will appear through the opening 17 belon ing to the hundreds disk and the numer 6 will appear through the opening 18 in the hundreds disk. He then places his finger nail in the notch adjacent to the numeral 1 in the Add column belongin to the tens disk and moves it downward y, thus cause the numeral 8 to appear through the opening 18 thereof, and he finally places his finger nail in the notch adjacent to the numeral 4 in the Add column belonging to the units disk and moves his noer downwardly, thus causing the numeral.l 0 to appear in the adjacent openin 18, and the numeral 1 to appear in the adjacent opening 17. Therefore as a result of the operations before described the numerals 1, O, 1 appear consecutively through the openings 17, and the numerals 6, 8, 0 appear consecutively through the openings 18.

In order to correct the addition, it is necessary to carry the totals from one disk to the other and on the units disk the numeral 1 appears in the Carry forward opening 17, therefore the operator carries this forward bv moving thc tens calculating disk one number space downwardly, thus causing the numeral 9 to a pear through the opening 18 belonging to tie tens disk. To read the total amount of thc addition, therefore, the operator takes the numeral 1 which appears through the Carry for- 130e seance ward o ening belonging to the hundreds disk an then the numerals ap caring through the total openings 18 of al three disks. This arrangement is shown in Fig.

1 of the drawings, and indicates that the total amount of the numbers added together is 1690.

It is obvious that the same principle of operation is obtained where only two series of numerals beginning with 0 and ending,` with 9 are used on each calculating wheel and only one series of numerals for carrying purposes are used. Any number of such series up to ten, as shown by the illustration in Fig. 3, may be used. I have found that the most convenient number to be used is ten as illustrated in Fig. 3.

In mani ulating the device, the operator may comp ete the addition of a series of numbers, each containing as many digits as the number of calculating disks, which series of additions may be ten or more before it is necessary to manipulate the carrying feature of the device. Then when he finds that any of the numerals appearing through the Carry forward o enings is 9 or less, he may then carry this cru-'ard to the next calculating disk to the left in the same manner as before described, hence the operation of adding may be carried on rapidly to an indefinite extent and the operator need pay attention to the carrying or" totals only at such times as the larger numerals appear through the Carry forward openings, and the total amount of the addition may be readily seen at any time Without further manipulation of the device, by reading the numerals found in the Carry forward opening on the last disk to the left and the numbers found in the total openings for the other disks.

Assumn that it is desired to use the device for su tracting purposes, and assuming further that the calculating disks are in the positions shown in Fig. l and that it is desired to subtract the number 270 from the total there appearing, then the operator places his nger nail in the notch adjacent to the numeral 2 on the Subtract column belonging to the hundreds disk and moves the disk upwardlyr until his finger strikes on the upper shou der 14. Then, in the tens disk, he places his finger nail in the lnotch adjacent to the numeral 7 of the Subtract column and moves his finger upwardly. No manipulation of the units disk is necessary in the example given. When this is done, it will be seen that the numerals 4 and 3 will appear, respectively, through the total openings belonging# to the hundreds and tens disks so that the total amount will be 1430. In this connection. it may be explained that in subtracting by the use of this device, the totals must be carried mentally by "the operator. It has been found, however, that an operator hccomes cicient in this after a slight amount o1" ractice.

claim as my invention. l. lx1 a calculating device, the combinavtion of a cover sheet having,` a segmental portion at one edge, a disk pivotally conuected to the cover sheet and having two circular rows with numeral-s thereon, one ron' comprisil'ig a number of series of nnmerals. l0 to each series, all of the same value, one of said series consist-ing of ten ls, the next of ten Qs, etc., and a secondrow of numerals on said disk containiiugy a number of series of numerals, the numerals ci' cach series beginning with 0 and continuing consecutively to 9, the said cover sheet being formed with openings through which one numeral of each ot' said rows of numerals may be seen, said disk being provided with means whereby it may be readily rotated, aseries of numerals on the cover sheet adjacent to the segmental edge thereot` beginning at the bottom with 0 and extending consecutively to 9 at the top, and a second row of numerals adjacent to the lastmentioned rou' and arranged on the cover sheet beginning at the bottom with t) adjacent to the O of the first mentioned row and continuing consecutively in inverse order to 0 at the top adjacent to the 9 at the top of the irst mentioned row, for the purposes stated.

2. In a calculating machine, the combination of a. series of cover sheets arranged one above the other with the right edge portion of cach cover sheet projected beyond the cor respondin edge portion of the sheet above it, each o said sheets having at the central portion ot its right edge a. segmental portion with shoulders formed between the ends of said segmental portions of the adjacent side edges of said sheets, each of said cover sheets being also provided with a small openingadjacent to the top of said segmental portion, said openings being so arranged that they will be in line with each other and visible to the operatorg each of said cover sheets being also provided with a second opening adjacent to the bottom of the segmental portion also so arranged that the;T will be in line with each other and be risible to the operator. each of said cover sheets being also provided adjacent to the segment-.ll portion with a row of numerals beginning with 0 ai the bottom and continuing consecutively to 9 at the top and a second rou' of numerals adjacent to the (i beginning with J at the bottoni and coutinuing consecutively in inverse order-to 0 al thc top. a disk mounted beneath cach cover sheet, and each lit-iup` provided with a notched jwriplu-.ry to project beyond the segmental portion ol the rover short io which the disk is pivotcd so that said notches muy be engaged by un operators series beginning with 0 und continuin con- 15 finger for turning the disk, euch of said soontively to 9 arranged contrnry-elocwise, disks being provided with two rows of nutlio numerals in the lutter row being so morals, one row being provided with a numarranged. that one numeral only may be bei' of series of numerals, all of the nuviewed through the opening in the cover morals in euch series being of the same sheet near the bottom of the said segmental 20 value and said lnumbers being consecutively portion, substantially as and for the purarrnnged on the disk contrary-clockwise, posesstated.

and also heilig so arranged that one of said Des Moines, Iowa, April 29, 1909.

numerals only may be viewed by the oper ator through the opening in the correspond- MAYNARD T' JOY? ing cover sheet near the top of the seg VVtnesses:

mental portion, and the other row compris- FOSTER DELEvoIsn,

ing a number of series of numerals, each P. E. BALDWIN.

Images