US1193858A

US1193858A - Adding-machine

Info

Publication number: US1193858A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-08

Description

A. R. BALL.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MARA, IsIe.

Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

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ADDING MACHINE.

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ARTHUR R. BALL, OF MELVERN, KANSAS.

ADDING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug'. 8, 1916.

Application led March 4, 1916 Serial No. 82,132.

To (/l/ /c/wm 4if may concern:

lie it known that I. An'rnnlt R. BALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Melvcrn. in the collnty of Osage and State of liansas. have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in A(Ming-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in adding machines.

The object of my invention is to provide an adding machinel which is simple in construction. which may bereadily used by an inexperienced person. which is cheap to lmumfacture, is durable and not liable to get out of order.

The novel features of my invention are hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accomlnlnying drawings which illustrate my invention.'Figure 1 is a perspective view of the preferred form of my invention, when used for the addition of a plurality of eohnnns of figures. Fig. 2 is an enlarged front view of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is vertical sectional view of the machine shown in .Fig 1. Fig'. 4 is an edge view of a portion ol' one of the disks of the machine shown in the preceding figures. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view on the line of Fig. 3. Fig. is a front vie-w. partly broken away, of a lnodified 'form of my invention. when emj'iloyed to add a single column of figures. Fig. T is a central cross section of the same. Fig. S is a front view of the disk shown in Figs. (i and 7.

Similar reference characters designate similar parts in the different views.

Referring to Figs. l to 5. -l designates a casing having an arcuate top provided with a plurality of slots 2. through which are adapted to be inserted stop pins I) adapted to enter radial holes -l in a plurality of disksl 5, corresponding in number to the columns to be added. and rotatable on a shaft the ends. of which are respectively mounted in the sides of the casing 1. The lower ends of the slots 2 serve as stops for the pinsl il, when the latter are mounted in the holes 4 and the disks 5 are nioved in the adding operation. For retracting the disks fi. each disk may be provided with a peripheral flange T having a peripheral .notch S and extending through a slot S) provided therefor in the casing 1. The notch S is provided so that the operator may have means for being informed by the sense of touch as well as sight, when the disk has been retracted beyond the initial or starting point.. If desired, the notch 8 may be dispensed with. Itespectively adjacentto and disposed along side of the row of holes i of each disk are numerals from zero to one hundred and nine inclusive, ar angetl 1n numerical order, one numeral for each hole 4, the holes -l being one hundred and ten in number. The casing 1 is provided with a plurality of observation openings l0 arranged so as to have the numerals, designated by A, pass opposite to the openings 10 respectively. Respectively adjacent to the slots are a series of rows of characters comprising digits B arranged in nulnerical order and spaced apart the same distance as the spacing between the adjacent holes 4.

In the upper front part of the casing 1 and respectively adjacent the characters B, at the left. as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, are a plurality of holes 11 adapted to receive a marking pin 12, Fig. 1. In the operation of this form of my invention, the disks 5 from right to left, as viewed from the front of the machine, respectively represent units, tens and hundreds. In adding a lot of numbers. the disks 5 are first set in the initial position. in which the zeros of the numerals A will respectively show through the observation openings 10. A stop pin 3 is then inserted in the hole #L of the unit disk which hole is adjacent to the character B corresponding to the first unit of the column of' figures to be added. The stop pin is then employed to turn the unit disk until the pin strikes against the lower end of the slot 2 through which the pin extends. 'lhe stop pin is then withdrawn, after another Istop pin 3 has been inserted in the hole i which is adjacent to the digit B corresponding to the next unit in the column which is being added. The last stop pin is then used to turn the unit disk until the stop pin strikes against the lower end of the slot 2 through which the pin extends. In this manner, the. stop pins 3 are employed to turn the unit disk until all the figures in the unit column have been added by the step by step turning of the disk in the manner just before described. At this time, the sum of the figures in the unit column which has been added will appear at the observation opening 10 opposite the unit disk 5, providing the sum of the figures in the unit column is one hundred and nine or less. If the sum of the units is lessthan one hundred, a stop pin 3 is inserted in a hole 4 of the tens disk, which hole is opposite the digit B of that disk corresponding to the numeral in the tens column of the number appearing at the observation opening of the unit disk. The tens disk is then turned'by its stop pin until the pin strikes the casing at the lower end of the slot 2 which is opposite the tens disk. The tens column of the' numbers to be added is then added on the tens disk in the same manner as were the figures in the units column. If the sum appearing at the observation opening 10 opposite the tens disk is less than one hundred, another stop pin 3 is inserted in the hole et of the hundreds disk which hole is adjacent to the digit of the row B corresponding to the left hand figure appearingat the observation opening 10 which is opposite to the tens disk. The last named stop pin is then used to turn the hundreds disk to a position in which the stop pin will strike the casing at the lower end of the slot 2 which is opposite to the hundreds disk. The hundreds colulnn of the numbers t0 be added is then added upon the hundreds disk in the manner the units and tens columns were added on the units and tens disk. The sum of the figures which have been added may now be ascertained by an inspection of the numbers appearing at the three observation openings 10. In so doing, all of the figures appearing in the hundreds observation opening 10 are considered, but only the right hand figures of the numbers appearing at the other two openings 10 are considered. Thus. if the three numbers appea ring respectively at the three observation openings 10 are 33, 43 and 31. the sum of the numbers added will be 3,331. In case that the number appearing in the observation opening opposite the units disk is 100 or over. the hundreds disk may be turned,

forwardly a distance of one hole. In case that the suln of the units in a column ofV figures is greater than 109` the operator, in turning the units disk, will turn said disk until its observation opening shows al number between 100 and 109 inclusive, as, for example, 105. He will then advance the hundreds disk one hole` or the tens disk ten character designating the next numeral to he added, he will know that the maximum has been exceeded, will indicate on the next disk that 100 has been counted, and then will insert the stop pin in the uppermost hole in the slot 2 and will turn the disk luntill the stop pin strikes the lower end of the slot at which time, the proper unit above 100 will appear at the observation opening. He will then proceed as already described with the addition of the remaining figures in the column. As an additional example, assuming that in adding a column, the operator, in adding a column of figures, has operated the units disk, until, without his having taken notice of it, the observation opening will show the numeral 99. The next figure in the column to be added, we will assume is 9. He will insert the stop pin in the hole opposite'the character 9 in the series B and will then turn the disk until the stop pin strikes against the lower end of the slot 2, at which time the numeral 108 will appear at the observation opening. The operator, still taking no notice of what appears at the observation opening, will then try to add the next figure in the column, which, we will assume, is 5. He will find no hole in the disk opposite the character 5 in the series B, so will know that the amount already added exceeds 100, and will so indicate on the tens disk. Then he will insert the stop pin in the uppermost hole of the slot 2 and will turn the disk until the stop pin strikes the lower end of the slot, at which time the numeral 8 will present itself at the observation opening, following which he will insert the stop pin in the hole 5 of the series B and will turn the disk until the stop pin strikes the lower end of the slot, and will then continue the addition `in the manner already described. It will thus be seen that by having the slot 2 of the proper length, relative to the blank space and the spaces occupied by the peripheral holes in the disk, the operator may make the additions without having to perform any mental additions or subtractions, and without having to pay any attention whatever to what numerals appear at the observation opening. The addition will thus be a matter almost purely mechanical and will require very little mental effort. In like manner, when, in adding the tens column of figures, the number showing in the tens observation opening 10 is between 100 and 109 inclusive, and there are more tens to be added. the hundreds disk is advanced ten holes, and the tens disk then turned to the numeral on the disk corresponding to the right hand figure showing in the observation opening, following which the addition of the remaining figures in the tens column is proceeded with in the manner already described. When the total amount added exceeds 10,999, the pin 12, Fig. 1, may be in- Selted in the holes 11 for the purpose of` marking up tens of thousands, each of said holes representing 10,000. In such case, only the right hand figure in the hundreds observation opening 10. is considered in reading the result, just as only the right hand figures appearing at the units and tens observation openings are considered. If desired, the holes 11 may be considered as rcpresenting only 1000 each, vwhen the total amount of the sum of the numbers added is less than 11,000. If the holes 11 be considered as having a value of 1000, only the right hand figure in the hundreds observation opening is to be considered in reading the result. For the purpose of preventing interference between the disks 5l when they are turned, they may be separated from each other by means of spacing collars 13 secured upon the shaft 6. Fig. 3. -Y

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8. 14 designates a rectangular casing, in which is rota.- tably mounted a. shaft 15 having'secnred thereto a thumb button 16. Secured to the shaft 15 and rotative therewith is a disk 17, which is provided with an arcuate row of transverse holes 1H, which are adapted to pass in front of an arcuate slot 19 in the, front of the casing 14 and concentric with the shaft 15. Adjacent to the holes 18 respectively are a like number of numerals numbering from '/.ero to one hundred and nine inclusive. These numerals are adapted to consecutively appear, when the disk 17 is turned. at an observation opening 19. Fig. In the tront'of the casing 1l are a series of holes 20. Fig. 0. which are adapted to re ceive a marking pin 21. Each otl these holes represents a value of' 100. Respectively adjacent to the holes 20 are numerals representing the respective value in hundreds of said holes. These numerals are designated by The numerals on the disk 17 are designated by D. liespectively adjacent to the slot 19 is a row oinumerals comprising thc digits. These numerals are designated by 1C and they are spaced apart the same distance as are the holes 18. The disk 17 may be turned. in operating the machine. by inserting in the holes 1S through slot 19, a pin Fig. 0.

In inaking an addition. the disk 17 is turned to the initial position in which the zero numeral of the characters D will appear at the observation opening 19. The units column of figures is then added as follows: The pin 22 is inserted in the hole 18 next adjacent to the digit in the row E corresponding to the first figure in the units column of the numbers to be added. The disk is then turned by the pin 22 until the pin strikes the lower end ot the slot 19. This pin 2Q is then withdrawn. after a similar pin has been inserted in the hole which is next adjacent to the digit representing the unit next above, in the column which is bemg added. This form of my invention is adapted for adding single columns ot figures. When all the figures in the column have been added, as above described, the snm will appear at the observation'opening 19.V If it be found that the number at that opening is more than 100, for example, 105, and there are other figures yet to be added, the pin 21 is inserted in the hole 20 which 1s adjacent to the digit 1. The disk 17 is then advanced-to a position in which the numeral 5 will appear at the observation opening 19. The addition will then be continued in the manner just above described. The sum of the column will be represented by what is shown in the observation opening 19, taken in connection with the indication in the row of holes 20.

It will b e noted that in the form of invention shown in Fig. 4.-, and also that shown in Fig. 8, there is provided on the disk an imperforate space betwen the zero numeral hole and the hole designated by the numeral 109. The provision, ofI this impert'orate space prevents the operator from unconsciously making an error in addition, when in the operation of the machine, the amount added by the disk exceeds 109. The operation being merely mechanical, and the op erator. in adding the column merely noting the figure in the column which he is to add, and paying no attention to the total which has been added, is liable to make an error, providing that the imperforate space above referred to were not present, there being no means provided it' the impertorate space were omitted. to call his attent-ion to the fact that a hundred had been added and should be indicated in the row of holes 11, in the form shown in Fig. 2, and in the row of holes 20 in the form shown in Fig. 6. The length of the imperforate space between the zero hole and the 109 hole is greater than the distance covered by any ten holes in the disk. lVhen the disk has been turned so that 109 would be indicated, the ope 'ator, unconscious of this indication, in continuing his addition ot the column, would find that no hole would be opposite any one of the numerals E. Fig. 0. or opposite the numerals l. Fi 2. the imperforate spa-ce, in each case, being opposite to these rows of numerals.

\ This would call his attention to the fact that the disk had added 100 or more, and he would then make the indication with the pin 12 in the holes 11. Fig. 1. or with the pin 9.1 in the holes 20. Fig. 0. He would then ads vance the disk. in the manner already described. to a position in which t-he unit of the numeral appearing at the observation opening will appear at such opening, following which he will continue the addition of the column in the manner already described. It' the slot 2, Fig. 2, and the slot 19,

Fig. (i, are of the proper length, that is, the length of the imper orate s ace added to the distance covered by 10 ho es in the disk, the machine may be operated, by inserting the operating pin in the holel at the upper A end of the slot, then by removing the lower pin in the. slot and advancing the disk the proper numeral will appear at the observation opening.

I do not limit my invention to the structures shown and described, as various modiications may be made, within the. scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

lVhat I claim is: c

l. In an adding machine, a casing having an arcuate slot, an observation opening, characters comprising the digits arranged in a. row at one side of said slot, and a rotary disk in said casing having one hundred and ten holes adapted to receive a stop pin inserted through said slot and spaced apart from each other at the same distance as the distance between the digits, the disk being provided with a series of numerals from zero to one hundred and nine inclusive aranged so as to pass consecutively in front of said observation opening, the disk being disposed concentric with said slot and provided with an imperforate space between the terminal holes respectively designated by zero and 109, said space exceeding in length the distance covered by ten holes in the disk.

2. In an adding machine, a casing having a slot, an observation opening and characters comprising the digits arranged in a row at one side of said slot, and a rotary disk in said casing having a series of peripheral holes adapted to receive a stop pin inserted through said slot and spaced apart to correspond with said digits, the periphery of said disk between the ends of said series being provided with a blankspace for indicating the maximum indication.

3. In an adding machine, a casing having a slot, an observation opening and characters comprising the digits arranged in a row at one side ofthe slot, and a rotary disk in said casing having a series of peripheral holes adapted to receive a stop pin inserted through said slot and spaced apart to correspond with the digits, the periphery of said disk between the ends of said series being provided with a blank space for indicating the maximum indication, said slot in length corresponding to the space occupied by said blank space and ten of the holes in said disk.

4. In an adding machine, a casing having a slot adapted to receive therethrough a stop pin, an observation opening and a row of characters comprising the digits arranged parallel with the slot, and aA rotary disk in said casing having a circularly arranged row of one hundred and ten holes spaced apart to correspond with said digits and adapted to receive a stop pin.

5. In an adding machine, a easing having a slot adapted to receive therethrough a stop pin and a row of characters comprising the digits arranged parallel with the slot, and a movable member mounted in said casing and having a row of one hundred and ten holes spaced apart to correspond with said digits and adapted to receive a stop pin inserted through said slot.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ARTHUR Il. BALL.