US964691A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

R. FLEMING & G. A. B. HALVORSON, JR. ARC LAMP.

4 v 7 APPLICATION FILED JAN. 1a, 1906.

, Patented July 19,1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

v Inventors-z Wit Richard Fleming,

mtg,

Cromwell AB. Halvorson Jn.

R. FLEMING & G. A. B. HALVORSON, JR.

ARC LAMP,

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 16, 1906.

Patented July 19, 1910.

3 BHEETSSHEET 2.

Inventors: Richard Fleming, Cromwel I A.B.Halvorson J11,

Witn sses Z u R. FLEMING & G. A. B. HALVORSON, JR.

ARC LAMP.

urmoAnoN FILED JAN. 1a, 1906. 964,691. Patented July 19,1910. BEETS-SHEET s. Fig. 6

I JVIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII hlllllllllllli inventors? Richard Fleming,

Cromwel'Y ABHafivorsom Jrz,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

RICHARD FLEMINGAN D CROMWELL A. B. HALVORSON, J 18., OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS,

ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ARC-LAMP.

Specification of I etters Patent. Application filed January 16, 1996. Serial No.

Patented July 19, 1910.- 296,304.

To all whom it may concern:

'Be it known that we, RICHARD FLEMING and (Jnonwnnn A. B. IlliLvonsoN, J n, citi- Zens of the United'States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Arc-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

Our present invention relates to are lamps in which the character of the electrodesemployed is such that a flaming or luminous arc is obtained. In such lamps the major portion of the illumination comes not from the tips of the arcing electrodes heated to incandescence as in the ordinary carbon are lamp, but from the arcs between the electrodes. The increased length of such arcs, the comparative slowness with which the electrodes which produce them are consumed if the electrodes are suitably chosen, and other differences between luminous arcs and the ordinary carbon arc render it desirable to employ feeding mechanisms for the electrodes in these lamps differing from those heretofore employed with lamps em-' ploying carbon electrodes.

lVith the electrodes employed for the pro duction of luminous or flaming arcs the are products are not practically all permanent gases as in the case of carbon electrodes, nat on the contrary contain much matter which condenses to a solid form when cooled to a temperature approaching that of the atmosphere. On this account-1t is necessary 'to provide means for disposing of the are products,

Our present invention comprises certain features of construction and arrangement,- particularly of electrode feeding mechanisms and smoke or fume disposing means particularly adapted for use in luminous or flaming arc lamps, though some of them' are not exclusively limited to such use.

The various features of novelty which characterize our invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.

For a better understanding of our invention and the advantages possessed by it, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which we have illustrated and described one of the forins in which our invention may be embodied.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of an arc lamp with the casing in section; Fig. 2 is an elevation of a portion of a globe holder;'Fig. 3 is an elevation on a larger scale than Fig. 1 showing the clutch mechanism in the position occupied at the instant of starting the arc; Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the circuit arrangements and the position of the feeding mechanism at the instant at which the electrodes are in contact; Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the clutch mechanism of Figs. 1, 3 and '4; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation illustrating the arrangement of the upper electrode and the hood or fuse box surrounding it; Fig. 7 is an elevation illustrating a modi fied form of clutch mechanism in the normal working and out of service position; and Fig. 8 is a plan view on the line 88 of Fig. 7. V

In the drawings, 1 represents a tubular member which forms the backbone of the arc lamp structure and serves as a chimney through which the are products pass. This member may beone integral mechanical element or may be formed in sections. A flat disk like hood or shield 2 is secured above the end 0.; the chimney proper by arms 3. Bracket arms 4 extending from the uppergside of the hood form a means by whic1rthe lamp may be supported. The feeding mechanism of the lamp is located between a hood or platform 5 secured to and surrounding the chimney 1 near its upper end and a platform 6 secured to and surrounding the member 1 at or near its lower end. The lamp mechanism located between the platforms 5 and G is inclosed by a suitable casing 5 which may be of any well known form.

To the lower end of the member 1 is secured in any suitable manner a bell shaped hood or member 7. The member 7 has an opening in its upper end which communicates with the interior of the chimney member 1. A hollow tubular member 8 is supported in the member 7 in line with the chimney 1 by means of a hollow support 9 the member 8 prqects some distance below the lower end of the hood proper.

The 11 per electrode 10 of the lamp is secured within the hollow member 8 with its lower end .projecting slightly below the i or separately connected lower end of the member. The lamp shown is intended for direct current operation and the upper and ositive electrode 10 consists 'of a bar or ro of copper or similar material not readily oxidized and having good heat and electrical conductivity. The electrode 10 is secured in place by means of a threaded extension 11 which may be integral thereto and which passes through the extension of the hollow supports 9 which close the upper end of the member 8 and engages a nut 12. In the construction shown the electrode 10 is insulated The clutch mechanism of the lamp really material; such from the member 7 The external diameter of the electrode 10- is less than the internal diameter of the member 8, consequently an annular space 13 is formed between the electrode 10 and'the member 8/ The two portions of the hollow support 9 which extend "from the member 8 to the member 7 proper,

form conduits-terminating in orifices 15 at the outer surface of the member '1 for establish-in communication between thespace 13 and 't e outside atmosphere.

oxid oi? frron,

includes two separate clutching devices which engage the member 18. Of these, in

. the construction illustrated, the lower clutchf ing devicewhich We may call an arclength limiting clutch comprises a member 19 formed of stamped metal having an aper ture 20 formed at one end to receive the member 18'. While the member 19 is substantially horizontal througlfit the greater portion of its length, it will be observed that the portions surroundin the aperture 20 are inclinedtothe member '18 so that the portion 21 of the clutch which engages the outer corner of the member 18 is below the portion 22 of the member 19 engaging the diametrically opposed corner of the member 18. In the osition of the lamp mechanism shown in Fig. 1; the end of the member 19 remote I stop 23 secured to the platform 6 and the member 18 is gripped between the portions 20 and 21. A stop member 24 provided with a book 25 at its upper end and having a slot 2d formed in it (Fig. 5) is adjustably severtical portion of the cured to the stop 23 by a screw 27... The stop 24 passes through member 18 passes. -w'all of this aperture engaging the 'outer from the member 18 rests upon a an o enin formed for the air ose in the P g P P member 19. It will be understood that while the member 19 can move along the vertical portion of the stop 24, the upward movement of the member 19 is limited by its engagement with the portion 25.

The upper clutching device or member 28 which we may call the actuating clutch is pivotally connected to a lever like member 29 by a cotter pin 30. The members 28 and 29 in the form shown are made of stamped sheet metal. The member 28 is provided with an aperture 31 through which the The portion 32 of the corner of the member 18 is lower than the portion of the wallengaging the opposite corner.

otally connected to the end of the member 29 remote from the member 28 by a cotter pin 35 and its other end pivotally connected to the member 19 by a cotter pin 36. Each of the members 19 and 29 is an aperture able shell member 37 of a dashpot. The cooperating stationary piston member 38 of the dashpot' is secured to the platform 6. The upper end of the member 3'? is connectformed with. through which passes the n1ov- A link member 34 has one end p1v' I ed to but insulated from the yoke portion 39 of a U-shaped core, each of the legs 40 of which are axially movable into the corresponding one of two similar tubular mags netizing coils 41. A bracket 42 secured to the upper end of the member 37 is provided with two posts located one on each side of the member 37. The upper ends or the posts 13 are rounded to enter indentations 441 formed in the under sides of the portions of.

the member 29 at opposite sides of the member 37. To prevent lateral displacement of ,the member 29 a guide plate 15 is secured to the outside of each post as by screws 46.

in Fig. 4: we have illustrated diagrammatically circuit arrangements which may I be employed when-it is desired to operate the lamp in a constant current circuit. In the diagram 50 and 51 represent the positive and ne ative terminals rcspectirel of the lamp. A conductor 52-,connects one terminal of the winding of a magnetizing coil 53 to the lamp terminal 51. The other terminal of the magnetizing coil 53 is connected to the positive electrode 10 of the lamp by a conductor 54. An armature 55 coijperating with the magnetizing coil 53 carries a con tact 56. When the winding 53 is dee'ner gizedthe contact 56 rests upon a cohperating contact 57 carried by a movable armature 58 cooperating with a magnetizing coil 59. The contact member 57 is connected to.

one terminal 60 of a resistance conductor 61, the other terminal of which is connected to the lamp terminal-I51. .Gne terminal of the coil 59 is connected to the terminal 60. The other terminal of the w ll 55" is connected to one terminal of the coils 41, which are in series with each other. The other terurinalof the coils 11 is connected to the lamp terminal 50. A conductor 61 connects the negative lamp terminal 50 to the electrode 16. It will be observed that the coil "59 is in shunt to the electrodes, while the coil 53 is in series with them. When the coils 53 and 59 are both deiinergized the contacts 56 and 57 in contact. When the coil 53 is energized and the coil 59 is not operati'vely energized the member 56 is held out of engagement with the member 57. When the coil 53 is energized and the coil 59 is also energized by the passage or a suiliciently large current through its winding, the contacts 5? will be moved into engagement with the contact 56.

Fig. shows the lamp mechanism inthe position occupied}? it when the lamp is out of circuit and also when in normal operas tion. In this position the electrode 16 is supported from the stop 23 through the members 18 and 19. The outer end or" the member 28 then rests the member 19. The inner end of the memher 28 being carried down by the member 29 so that the member 28 is not locked to the membei 18. When the lamp. is out of circuit the coils "41, 53 and 59 areall deenergized. As soon as the lamp is. connected into circuit current begins to flow through coils -11 between the terminals 50 and 51 through a circuit including resistance 61 and contacts 56 and 57, and windings of the coils 11. This energizes the coils 41 and causes them to attract the armature 39. iVhenthe armature 39 is moved upward by the coils 11 after a slight initial upward movement of the end of the member :28 connested to e membe the womb rfo 18, the two 0 tel 29 suiiicient to cause itself to the member rid the member 18 move upward together bl]. the member 19 engages the hook 25. Further upward movement of the armature will cause the member to turn in the direction indicated by the lower arrow in Fig. A very slight movement of the memoer 19 is sufiicient to cause a disengagement between it and the member 18, after which'the member 19 remains stationary until the member 18 starts to descend. Since the lower end of the link 34 is held stationary while the member 19 is in engagement with the hook 25, further upward movement of the armature 39 causes the lever member 29 to turn about the cotter pin 35 in the-direction indicated by the upper arr6w causing the member 18 to be elevated still further by the clutch member 28. While the clutch. members move upward togetherthe armature 39 and the member 18 will move at the same rate, but after the member 19 has stopped the upward movement of the member 18 will be more rapid ance of the conductor 62 and der the action of gravity.

'trodes; As soon as the member together;-

on the outer end of Qthe stop 23 the downward movement drop than the upward movement of the armature. As soon as the electrode 16 is moved into engagement with the electrode 10 further upward movement of the member 18 is stopped. The passage of current through the circuit including the electrodes 2n ener 'izes the winding and separates the contacts 56 and 57. This effectually deenergiy'es the windings ll-since the resistis great enough to prevent flow of current through the windings 41 sufficient to maintain the attraction of the armature 39. As soon as the contacts 58 and 57 are separated in the manner described, the armature 39 and member 18 start to move downward un- The dashpot members 37 and 38 are arranged to retard this downward movement so that the arc will be properly drawn between the elec- 18 starts to member 19 19 descend When the member 19 engages of the member 18 and electrode 16 is checked. Further downward movement of the armature 39 results in causingthe member 28 to into engagement with the member 19. I t will thus be observed that after each feed ing operation the arc struck is of a length equal to the play of the member 19 between the hook 25 and the stop 23 This can be adjusted by adjusting the member 24 with respect to the member After the arc is struck in the manner described the lamp descend itis gripped by the whereupon the members 18 and winding 59 mechanism remains stationary until the rise in voltage of the are due to its increase in length consequent upon the consumption of the lower electrode or from other causes, increases beyond predetermined amount. When this occurs the coil 59 becomes energized sufficiently to move the contact 5'? into engagement with the contact 56. This again energizes tiISWlIIClIIIgS 41 whereupon the feeding operation hereinbeiore described is repeated. It will be understood that the parts are so proportioned that the movement of the member 18 through the member 19 at each feeding operation is ufiicient to compensate for the electrode consumption occurring since the previous feeding operation, thus insuring that the lower electrode will be moved intocontact with the upper electrode whenever necessary.

A projection 7-O-from the member 7 supports a rod 71 having an outturned portion 7 2 at its lower end. A bracket-like projec tion 73 on the member 7 diametrically opposed to the projection 70 has pivoted to it a latch member comprising. a rod 74 supporting at its lower end a ball 75. A'transparent or translucent globe for inclosin the movable mechanism of the lamp located below the member 7 is supported through member 76. The member 76 comprises a girdle portion 77 which may be adjustably clamped about the globe by means of a screw. 78. The. ends, of a resilient arc shapedmember 7 9 are secured to the girdle at points separated somewhat less than 180. Another are shaped resilient member 80 diametrically opposed to the member 79 also has its ends secured to the girdle. The m. mber 80 is substantially similar to the member 79, though in the form illustrated thei member 79 is made of strips of metal while the member 80 is made of two similar pieces or strips of metal which are connected together by pinsor rivets 81. As shown, the pins or rivets 81 are at different levels, the outer pin being slightly below the inner in. These pins form the jaws of a clutch or engaging the rod 71. Pins or posts 82 diametrically opposed to the pins or rivets 81 are carried'bythe member 79. The pins 82 are adapted to straddle'the member. 74 and rests upon the ball 75.

It will be understood that in the position shown in Fig. 1 the upper endof the globe I is held against the portion 7 (Fi 6) of the T globe to be lower end of the memoerfl.

coming air,

movement of the right hand side of the globe is prevented by the engagement of the post 82 with the ball movement of the left hand side of the globe is prevented by the engagement of the pins 81. with tlierod 71. 'W'hen it is. desired to remove the globe in order to trim the lamp or the like, the bell 75 is swung out .whereupon the globe may be -moved' downward on the rod 71 until the portion 72-is reached. A cotter pin 83 ordinarily prevents the globe from being moved out of engagement with the rod 71. After the globe is lowered it may be swungsidewise about the portion 7 2 of the rod 71 as a pivot to allow replacement of the electrode 16 or other-operation which it is desired to perform. The flexibility of the members79 and permits the readily adjusted against the member 7 to malts a tight joint. When the globe is in the working position as shown in Fig. l, enters the are inclosing chamber through the hollow support 9 and space 13. By bringing the, air into the are inclosing chamber in the form of an annuler'stream surrounding the positive electrode, not: only is the positive electrode cooled by the inbut the moving tubularbody of air tends to position the arc and make it more stable. of combustion of the lower electrode are carried out ofthe arc chamber through the chimney member 1 through which a relatively powerful draftis created. It has been iound that the hood member 2 arrsnged end proportioned as shown in Fig. i s-ewes to prevent from being disturbed other and shorter end of the member 29 ownward downward The heated air and products.

the airsnd gas flow H .her"ore described end illustrated-have been by variable winds. The upward flow of air by the lower electrode produced by the arrangement shown also serves to cool it and steady the lower end of the arc.

The clutch mechanism illustrated in Fig. 7 is similar in its general arrangement to that previously described, though differing in mechanical details of construction, and

also in the addition of a spring which supplements the action of gravity in normally tending to hold the lower clutch member in locked engagement with the electrode carrying member. Referring to Fig. 7, a member 29' is connected by acotter pin 8 1 to the movable dash pot member which as in the form of our invention previously dv scribed is mechanically connected to the armature ofthe feeding magnet. To the 1S pivote'dl the upper end of a substantially vertical \connecting liar or member 85. To the lower end of the\ connecting bar 85 is pivoted by-means of d cotter pin the upper clutch member 28. To the longer end of the member 29 is pivoted the upper end of a. link ormember 34. member 19' is pivotally' connected to the lower end of the member 34. The member 34 is provided\ with an extension 86 into which is hooked; the upper end of at helical tension spring 87. The lower end of the tension spring is ho'oked into a screw 88 threaded into an, opening formed for the urpos'e in the end of the, bar 19 remote r'om the memper 18 which is extended be yond the pivotal point of connection to the member 34'. a, he lower dashpot member is formed With'the lower fixed stop for the member '19" and has adjustably secured to it a platel24c providedat its upper end with a shoulder which forms a stop for limiting lthe upward movement of the member 19 3 The operation of the form of our invention shown in Fig. (is substantially like that shown in theother'figures of the drawii though the flexibleconnection between tr e upper and lower clutches formed by the members 29 end 34 and the spring 87 insures at all times e. smoother action of the electrode feedinwmech'anism than'may always he 'had with the. other form or" our invention. It will of course be understood that the spring supplements the action of ravity in always holding; the clutch memer 19 5111 the position in which it tends to lock itself to the member 18.

'Certainnovel features described and illustrated but not claimed: herein are specifically claimed' in our copending applications Serial Numbers 181,332, and 248,549ffiled- The lower clutch found to give excellent results in practice, it will be understood by.all those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments of our invention without departing from its spirit, and We do not wish the claims hereinafter made to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed more than is made necessary by the state of the art.

What we' claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In an arc lamp, a movable electrode, a member moving with the electrode, two

clutches engaging said member, one of said clutches being plvotally connected to the other some distance from the member, and a member for moving said clutches pivotally connected to said other clutch at a point between the member and the point of connection with the other clutch.

2. In an arc lamp, a movable electrode, a member moving with the electrode, a clutch having a portion engaging the member and another portion extending away from the member, a second clutch connected to the first at a portion remote from the member, means for moving said clutch engaging the first mentioned clutch between the member and the point of connection with the other clutch.

3. In an arc lamp, a movable member, an actuating device, a lever pivoted to the actuating device, and a pair of clutch members mechanically connected to the lever, one at. each side of the point of connection of the lever to the actuating device, each of said clutch members engaging said movable member.

4. In an arc lamp, a movable member, an actuating device, a lever pivoted to the actuating device, a pair'ot clutch members mechanically connected to the lever one at each side of the point of connection of the lever to the actuating device, each of said clutch members engaging said movable member,

and stops limiting the movement of one of said clutch members.

5. In an arc lamp, a movable member, an

actuating device for moving the member in one direction against the action of a force constantly tending to move the member in the opposite direction, a lever pivoted to the device, and a pair of clutches each engaging said member, connections between them and the lever, the connections between said lever and one of said clutches being such as to normally hold that clutch in the position in which it is locked to the member.

6. In an arc lamp, a movable member, an actuating device for moving the member in one direction against the action of force constantly tending to move the member in the other direction, a lever pivoted to the device, a pair of clutches connected .to the lever 'necting said clutches,

each engaging said member, the connections between said lever and one of sald clutches being such as to normally hold that clutch in the position in which it is locked to the connections being arranged to cause said clutches to move together when the electrode is being moved toward the cooperating electrode until said arc length limiting clutch engages the stop limiting its movement in that direction.

8. In an arc lamp, a movable electrode, an actuating clutch for moving said electrode in one direction, a second clutch for limiting the extent of movement of the member in the opposite direction, and means mechanically connecting said clutches together.

9. In an arc lamp, an electrode ,carrying member, an actuating clutch therefor adapted to engage said member to move it in one direction, a second clutch for limiting the extent of movement of the member in the .opposite direction, and means mechanically coupling together said clutches.

10. In an arc lamp, a member to be actuated, an actuating clutch engaging said member, means for moving said clutch and thereby said member, a second clutch also engaging said meinber, flexible means consaid means normally tending to cause said clutches to'move together, and stops limiting the movement of said second clutch.

11. In an arc lamp, a movable electrode, a feeding mechanism therefor comprising two clutches, an electromagnet having a movable armature, flexible mechanical connections between said armature and each of said clutches, and stops controlling the movements of one of said clutches, said flexible connections being arranged to hold said stop controlled clutch in afixed relation with respect to said electrode at all times except when in engagement With one only of sald stops.

12. In an arc lamp, an electrode, clutching means for moving it in one direction against the action of a force opposing said movement, an arc length limiting clutch, an electromagnet having a movable armature, flexible mechanical connections between said armature and each ofsaid clutches, and a stop limiting the movement of said arc length limiting clutch, said connections being arranged to normally hold, the arc length lim- 1 in line with the axis of said chimney, and

a conduit establishing communication between the space within said hood and the interior of said hollow member, said-conduit 15 being integral with the hood and said member.

14:. In an arc lemp, a chimney, a hood: secured near the lower end thereof, a hollow member supported by the hood with its axis in line with the axis of said chimney, a me tallic non-consuming positive electrode secured in but not filling the spacein said hollow member, a coiiperatin negative electrode, and a conduit establisfing communi cation between the space within said hood and the interior of said hollow member, said conduit being integral with the hood and said member.

In witness whereof we hereunto set our hands this thirteenth day of January, 1906.,

V RICHARD FLEMING. UROMWELL A. B. HALVORSON, JR. Witnesses: JOHN A. McMANUs, Jr.,'

ALVARADO L; R. ELLIs.

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