US963431A - Mold or form for concrete walls. - Google Patents

Description

I. N. GATES.

HOLD 0B FORM FOB CONCRETE WALLS.

APPLICATION FILED JUL! 27, 190B.

Patented July 5,1910. l

M fllll I. N. GATES.

MoLn on roBM Fon ooNonL'rL WALLS.

APPLIOATIO! FILED JULY 7, 1908.

Patented July 5, 1910.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC N. GATES, OF PERIA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO DANIEL R. SHEEP: OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

MOLD 0R FORM FOR CONCRETE WALLS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 5, 1910.

Application filed July 27, 1908. Serial No. 445,642.

T o all ywhom it may concern:

lle it known that l, lsAAo N. GATES, a citizen of the United States, residing at leoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Molds or Forms for tonerete. lValls; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot' the invention, Which will enable others skilled in the art to Which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to ay mold for coustruetinfr hollow or partially hollow conerete luulding-walls.

The invention also relates to the construction ot walls having air cavities or assages, and it relates further to a molti, or lform provided with removable cores for making building walls with air cavities and said walls being constructed in a single mass of concrete on. the site it is occupy.

One of the ob'ects of the invention is to construct a building-wall of any given size in one unbroken member or unit havingr air passages extending therethrough preferably l'rom top to bottom such wall being formed of a composition ot sand, gravel; crushed sione or other like substance combined with cement, coal-tar or other adhesive substance usually employed for forming artificial stone or concrete.

A further object is to provide a form of mold by which a. wall, such as described may be constructed quickly and easily and at the least possible expense for the paraphernalia employed.

A further object is to provide a mold of peculiar construction by which a, wall such as described may be constnicted easily and quickly by an unskilled person.

Another object. is to provide a mold and` eores for the same for use in constructing a wall with air passages and provide lor said cores a suitable covering to prevent eontact oi the concreto therewith and from which covering said cores can be easily removed when desired.

Various other objects will a pear in the following specification, and t e invention besides the objects above enumerated relates to certain details of construction as will be pointed out herein and form the subJect of certain of the tiilaims.

In the appended drawing, Figure 1 is a transverse section of my mold into parts of which tbe cement or concrete has been placed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of part of the mold shown in Fi l with parts broken away to show the interior. Fig. 3 is a plan ot the mold and a series of cores suspended therein. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the mold showing a core suspended' therein and a protecting housing or cap therefor. Fig. 5 is a plan of the mold showing a different arran ement of the cores from that shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the coverings for the cores. Fig. 7 is a perspective of a eoverinfr for certain bolts which are employed to hold certain portions of the mold together. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a bar for supportiner a core, and employed also as a gage for the mold-sections and to secure the sections of the mold relatively. Fig. t) is a plan of a portion of a concrete wall as I prefer to construct it. Fig. 10 is al sectional elevation of a portion of a building showing the manner of using its spaces l'or Ventilating and heating purposes.

llefore entering upon the description ot my mold and its product., I desire to state some of the advantages to be derived therefrom.

lt is my purpose in constructing a Wall to leave air spaces or passages which preterablv extend vertically from bottom to top of the wall. ln order that these oassages may be left while building the Wall I eniploy a core of short length, which as the wall rises higher and higher can be raised from time. to time and built around with cement as section after section of mold sections are added, so that in constructing a. wall ot this kind it. is not necessary to have ma great. many parts or accessories, in the matter o'l cores at least, and in order that this method may be readily and easily carried out l have provided a suitable covering for the eores such tor instance as paper or otherv suitable material for preventlng the cement adhering thereto. If the cores are not in contact with the cement they can be easily raised out of the Wall under construction and used for further continuing the height. of the passage or cavityleft by it.. This provision besides permitting the cores to be very easily removed prevents damage in any way to the strilcture in the withdrawal thereof.

In tho drawing and specification letters ot reference correspond.`

A A represent two sides or sections of a mold which. in Figs. 1 and 2 are. the lower portions oit such mold while in these figures,"

also, li D indicate two other mold-sectioiis mounted upon the top edges of those just described. These mold-sections are preferably made as large as possible without being too bulky to be conveniently handled and iu using them a. low foundation of cement or other desired inateiial indicated at (V may be constructed ot thc same thickness the finished wall is to be, the lower edges of the. mold being placed each side thereof, as indicated in the first four figures, and held in that position by any desired means such, for instance, as bolts D which pass therethrough and receive suitable tightening dcvices Fi preferably made so as to be easily grasped by the hand. The saine means may be employed at the top ot the mold-sections as shown in Figs. l, 2 and 4t. or in pla-ce thereof or in addition thereto I may employ a gage F also shown in Figs. l, 2, 4 and 8 consisting ot ay member having ar notch G in its lower edge near each end into which enter the, top edges of the sections A, said notches G firmly holding the said sections a fixed distance apart. Located within the mold at such places as air spaces are desired, is a series ot cores Il their positions being shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, the resulting s iaces or passages being shown in the finishec wall in Fig. 9. In Figs. 1 and 2 the. cores are shown suspended from the member F already described, while in Fig. 4 the cores rest upon the foundation C being suppm'ted at its upper end by said member l". 'lhe cores ai'c provided at their tops willi vertical slits J, one ot which is shown in Fig. 8, to receive the member F. The upper ends of the cores are reduced in size lfor convenience, and a pin l( extends therethrough and through the members F. liy this means the cores are. held in a vertical position and are. prevented troni movement at their lower ends by causing the member l" and the bottom of the slit to be. brought'. into firm contact. Or in addition to this or in lieu of it. VI may place blocks I, between the cores and the sides A A as shown which will serve. to prevent. the lower ends of the cores moving. But in Fig. 3 I have represented stones or other easily procured substance at M to answer the saine purpose. lovering the top of each core is an A-shaped cap N which is slotted at each side as indicated at. 0 so as to fit over the said supporting member or gage F as clearly shown in Fig. 4, this being emloyed to protect the parts when filling in t ie concrete. Said cap is turned inward toward the core and serves to protect and hold a covering I) applied to the core. This said covering may consist of paper, or asbestos, or other suitable material. It of paper the covering is oiled or otherwise treated to make it impervious to water in which case one or two thicknesses will be sullicient to keep the cores dry but ifn untreated paper is used two or more thicknesses are preferable. The material is wrapped upon the cores before the latter are placed iii position or it may be furnished in a. hollow form and slipped thereon.

In Fig. 7 I show a tube Q of paper, asbestos or other suitable material for cover ing the bolts D hereinhefore described, the holes in the sides A of the mold, for receiving the bolts being made sufliciently large to receive both the `bolts and their coverings.

In assembling the mold the sides A are placed in position as before described and the bolts with their paper tubes are then pushed throughtlie sides and secured in posit-ion by thel means already described. In the figures I illustrate by the letter R two flaring boards which rest upon t-lie top edges of the mold and which are held relatively rigid by any suitable means for instance by using braces S extending across their tops. Secured to their outerl surfaces and extending below their edges are suitable straps T which engage the outer surfaces of theJ said sides A and serve to hold said boards in position and the latter are provided with notches R in their lower edges to receive the member F so that said boards can be set down in place, said notches R also regulating the distance between the members F. All the parts being in place and in readiness for work, the concrete is filled into the molds along its entire length or from corner to corner of the building, or as fa as the molds may extend, the caps N during the filliner operation fully protect-ing the cores and their paper coverings. After the mold has been filled the flaring sides It are removed and the cores are withdrawn from their positions and out of their coverings l a i, if desired, may be slightly tapered to facilitate their removal. llaving removed the cores after the cement has sulliciently set, additional mold sections B already describe are mounted upon the top edges of the, sections A and held in position at their upper edges by employing thel mem bers F or by means of the bo ts D, or both, as already described. Preferably the top edges ot the lower sections A are rabbeted as are also the lower edges of the section l so that one may rest in the other and form a flush interior surface for the mold. Secured to the top edges of the said section A, at intervals, are cleats U Whose upper ends serve to hold the sections A and B relatively rigid. But other holding devices or equivalents of the cleats U may be readily employed as will be suggested to the mind of .the skilled mechanic. The member F havlng been placed in position as described the cores are once more provided with new coverings l, and suspended from the member I" with their lower end hanging within the cavities formed at the first operation, the caps are once more placed in position and the flaring sides It, constituting the hopper, are put in place. The concrete is once. more filled in to the desired height and another section ot the molds placed in position and so on until the wall of the desired height is obtained. After the concrete is fully set so as to bear its own weight the mold sections are removed after withdrawing the bolts D leaving the paper tubes Q in position the latter being merely used to allow said bolts to be easily removed. The holes left by the bolts may be closed with cement so that the finished wall will present a tidy appearance.

In Fig. 5 I show a plan of a mold wherein a large n'llmber of cores are arranged in .such a way-i as to provide a considerable number of air spaces which are arranged in a zigzag orll sta rgered manner, and all have the means already described, for su iporting them. Mounted upon some of t e cores I show a metal cap V corresponding, in respect to utility, to the caps N of the other figures. This figure illustrates certain of the boltsl) or-rather their heads and clamping member E as described for the other figures. Since the cores in this form ot mold do not admit of the said bolts passing between them, some of the single cores or those shown by themselves are provided at their lower ends with notches (not shown) to allow them to be readily pnt in place or removed wilhout interference from said bolts. I alsel show the manner of building the angle of two walls extending at right angles to one another. The mold members ol one wall abut against those of thc other and certain lbf them carry corner brackets W which serve to position the end of the other sections in place. Fig. 2 also carries out this idea the corner brackets being indicated at X there being one also above it indicated at Y which has a flaring upper portion for supporting the upper member It ol the hopper but this will be clear without d escripl ion.

F i s. 1 and 2 show a floor beam or joist whici may be set in position during the building ot the wall. For instance I-beams 2 extend through holes 3 of the sides Il of the mold and rest upon the section A beneath and the concrete is filled in around it as the building of the wall proceeds. The said holes B are, in reality, mere notches cut in the lower edges of the section B so that the latter can be set down over said beams.

Fig. 9 shows the manner in which I preferably construct the corner at the joining oftwo Walls. The passages do not extend into the corner but those ot one wall terminate substantially flush with the inner line of those of the other wall so as to leave a solid corner extending the tull height of the building for strengthening purposes.

Fig 10 illustrates one way in which the air passages may be utilized for Ventilating and for leatmg purposes, for instance, I have indicated three rooms, one above another, the lower one being for instance a basement roomfor a furnace. If desired to ventilate each one of these rooms provision is made by the insertion of a block (not shown) in the wall in cach room opposite a passage it is desired to open said blocks lymg between the core and the side of the mold so that after the, wall is completed and hfe block is removed the opening will be In bringing out my invention I am fully aware that it 1s not new to provide air spaces in walls when constructed of hollow cement blocks or tiling one built upon another to form a wall but I believe it is new to construct a continuous wall or monolith after the manner described herein upon the site the building is to occupy and to provide for forming the air passages therein. Considerable advantage arises in building a solid wall of cement over that of blocks since a stronger structure will be the. result. Experience has shown that. in making blocks by any of the approved methods it is impractieable to use avery wet cement whereas in my method of construction there is nothing to prevent the use of a well puddled mivture. By being thoroughly wet the particles of cement are changed 1n condition and form a very much more homogeneous mass. In addition to the statement above made as to my knowledge of the. existing art I may state also that I am also aware that solid concrete walls have been constructed on the site they are to occupy but so far as I know they were made without the Ventilating passa es.

y my method in constructing buildingwalls I am enabled to work with comparatively tew of the. cores II since after having constructed a )ortion of the wall in which, for instance fi teen or twenty of such cores have been used these may be withdrawn and carried to another port-lon of the wall and thence to another portion and so on around the entire buildin The cores may be hollow so as to be vlielit in wei ht and they may be made of wood or metalr or even of tile, and the sections A and B may also be made of wood or metal. Besides employing coverings for the cores, coverings may be likewise em loyed to protect the inner .sur-

lie mold sections where said sections would come in contact wi th the cement, such a provision being made in order to permit of making a perfectly smooth Finished surface t'or the structure.

Considerable advantage arises :from the nianner in which the ca i or hood N which covers the eore Il is use( It'. is not secured to any ofthe other parts of the device. In addition, the cores are separate from the members 'F and can be placed in position or removed at will and as this is possible various combinations can be made, as tor instance, without special structures more than one core can be aitixed to a member F as in Fig. 5 to arrange for the plurality of staggered air spaces described by the use of the removal-.ile pins K. A hood or cap can now be placed upon each core to protect it, and the two edges thereof in being inturued toward the core engaffe the covering and hold iti-trom slipping dbwn and at the same time prevent. the cement from lodging thereon or getting between it and the core said cap being held securely in its adjustment by being slotted to receive and to ride ast-ride the member F which prevents movement in one direction and by engaging the core as described it is prevented from mov. ing in the other direction.

In the use ot my device no special structure is necessary to arrange for building a wall of any desired form, tor since all of the parts are separable they may all be assembled as wanted so as to admit of building the `term of wall structure desired. Another advantage is, that. as the cap is in no way affixed to the hopper the cores can be p aced any distance apart along the top edge of the sides A and the caps adjusted to them as already described.

ll'aving described iny invention, l claim l. A mold for making a hollow concrete structure consisting of means forming an inelosure tor said structure, a. member lying across and upon said means and bridging the recess inclo'sed by it, a core for attachnient to and to be suspended from the member, a removably inserted device extending transversely through the member and the hifurcated ortion of the core whereby to suspend said core from said member, a cap 'g to cover the `core and the member and a covering tor said core and from which it is ang-131 withdrawn after the structure is formed, said cap adapted to engage and hold said covering during the forming of the structurc.

2. A mold for constructing building walls consisting ot the side portions of' said mold, u member extending across and resting upon them, a core suspended vfrom said member, a. covering for the side of said core, a protecting cap to engage the member and to cover the end of the core and the end of said covering and adapted to engage and hold the said covering and removiiible from said core and from the member.

3. A mold for constructing building walls consisting of the side portions of said mold, a. member extending across and resting upon them and provideds with notches to receive the said portions, a core suspended from the member and detachable therefrom, a covering for the core, means to secure said core the member, a cap to cover and protect said member, the core, and the covering of said core and adapted to hold said covering, and removable from all of them.

4. A mold for constructing buildin lwalls consisting of the side portion of sai mold, a member extending across and restin upon them, a core suspended from the mem er between the said ortions, a covering for the core from which it is removable, a cap to cover the top of the core and that portion of the member above it,l and removable from both and having inwardly extending lower edges adapted to engage the said covering.

5. A mold for constructing buildin walls consisting of the side portions of sai mold, a member extending across and resting upon them, a core suspended from the member between the said portions, a covering for the core from which it is removable, a cup to cover the top of the core and that portion of the member above it, and removable from both and having inwardly extending lower edges adapted to engage the said covering, said cap having a. notch in two of its opposite sides to receive the member.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

ISAAC N. GATES.

Witnesses:

CLARENCE W. Hmm, DAN R. SHEEN.

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