US960372A - Compound-metal object. - Google Patents

Description

J. F. MONNOT.

COMPOUND METAL OBJEGT.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 16, 1908.

960,372, Patented June 7, 1910.

Inventor:

Atty.s

UNITED STATES PATENT curios.

JOHN F. MONNOT, OF NEW YOIBZK, N. Yl, ASSIGNOB TO DUPLEX METALS COMPANY OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMPOUND-METAL OBJECT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June '7, 1910.

To all whom it my camera:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. MONNOT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Compound-Metal Objects; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to'make and use the same.

My invention relates to compound metal objects comprising oljects having an inner or body portion comp sed of soft and ductile metal, such as copper, and a weld-united outer po on of harder and stronger metal,

such as steel. Electrical conductor wire comprising a core of high-conductivity metal, such as copper, and a shell of harder or stronger metal, such as steel, is desirable for many purposes, as its electrical properties are in many respects different from ordinary copper wire, or from steel-cored cop per-coated wire, even though the coppercoating of such wire be quite thick. The steel coated copper wire 'ves to a circuit quite a different loading "from that given by an ordinary copper wire, or a steel-cored copper wire of equivalent ohmic resistance, thus often maklngnnnecessary the inclusion of special inductive resistance in the circuit,

or greatly reducing the special inductive resistance required, and distributing the inductance of the circuit more uniformly over the line than can be done by the inclusion at intervals of inductive resistance. A steelcladcopper wire having coating and core weld-united at all points between abutting surfaces, and, therefore, in uniform electrical union at allsuch points, has different prop verties electrically from a similar wire in which the two metals are only in mechanical I contact and in which, therefore, the electrical connection between the two metals is less perfect and uniform, not all points between abutting surfaces being in'equally good electrical union, allowing the possibility of local circuits. Where, as is usually the case, there are spots of oxid between the two metals, this is still more likely to take place. The steel coated copper wire is also stiffer than the steel-cored copper wire,rfor correspondamounts of metal, the stronger and stifi'er, steel being in the mechanically formed as herein stronger tubular form, and this greater stifi'ness is, under some conditions, desirable.

The steel coated wire may have its outer 'surface protected-by a thin layer of copper or other suitable material which will serve to prevent oxidation or like chemical attack of the steel surface. Such a thin outer coating will not materially affect the electrical properties of the conductor desired for the present purposes.

Steel coated material such as" described may be made most readily by forming an ingot comprising a steel coating and a core of copper or other metal of high conductivity, with or without an outer coating to protect the outer surface of the steel, according to the method described in my com panion application of even date herewith, Ser. No. 443,7 97 (Patent No. 927 ,(162, dated July 6, 1909) and then extending this ingot by the usual methods of working to produce vwire or the like of the desired size. Such method of forming ingots is illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, in

l which drawings Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of a mold, pouring funnel, and an ingot therein described; Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show sections of different conductors embodying my present invention.

Referring first to Fig.- 1,1 designates a circular two-part mold provided with-cooling means 2, which in the instance shown is a hollow jacketthrough which cooling water, oil, etc., are circulated; or compressed air or other suitable gas may be expanded inthe jacket space for the purpose of absorbing. heat. In the construction shown the mold is assumed to be of metal, iron molds being permissible in casting copper and like metals inside a steel "shell or bel tween a steel shell and the sides of the mold, according to the method referred to. But

in lieu of' a metal mold, a mold of refrac-,

tory material, for example, a mold of homogenized carbon, such as illustrated and described in my application Sr. No. $0,097, (Patent No.'928,470, dated July 20, 1909) may be used. Suitable means as for example bands 3 and wedges 4;, as shown, are providedto prevent separation of the sections of the 'mold during the casting, and

until the castmetal has solidified. A sectional mold is employed instead of the one piece mold commonly used incasting ingots simply because it is desirable 1n many cases that the ingot produced shall have no draft vertically; otherwise a one piece mold would 5 be used. 5 designates a shell or tube of steel or ness. This steel shell, before it is placedin' the ingot mold, may have been thinly coated by dipping it for a brief interval in supermolten copper or other suitable supermolten coating metal, according to the method set forth in my Patent No. 853,716, in which patent I have set forth a method of producmg clad metals based upon the fact that while copper and like metals do not form any weld-union when contacted at ordinary casting. temperatures with a clean steel'surface, yet such a weld union is formed when the copper or like metal with whichzthe steel is contacted is heated to a considerably higher temperature, termed by me in said patent, for the sake of a name, the su rmolten temperature. And as set fo in said patent, a steel object immersed momentarily in a bath of such supermolten unlike metal and then withdrawn under conditions precluding oxidation, will be found covered I with a thin welded-on coatin of metal of the supermolten bath, and wit this coating copper and many other metals when cast thereagainst at ordinary casting temperatures or slightly higher temperatures, unite readily and inseparably. Or, the steel shell may have had its surface treated with a vapor of zinc or like metal as set forth-in the application of W. M. Page Ser. No.

443,339, filed Jul 13, 1908, (Iatent No,

949,837, dated Fe ruary 22, 1910)-s0 producing a surface with .which molten copper and like metals vat ordinary casting temperatures will unite readily and inseparal or, the said steel shell may have been heated to, a very high white heat before it is placed in the mold so that the molten metal cast within or within and around said shell will be raised, inthe immediate vicini of said shell, to the supermolten condition. Or, as an alternative to the above shell, while 111 the supermolten condition. v 6 designates a suitable pouring tile or funnel, which ma be of-refractory mate rial,-such as fire c a or carbon, ormay be of metaL- In the particular instance shown the shell 5 is of somewhat smaller diameter than the interior diameter of the mold, in order that'moltenmetal may be cast without 5 as well as within said shell and therefore the methods, the copper or like metal may becast within, or within and around, such ify against such surface t pouring'tile 6 is provided not only with'a around the shell 5, is preferably east through a dee layer of molten wiping material 9, according'to the methods set forth in my application Sr. No. 391,674 (Patent No. 929,688, dated August 3, 1909) and my application Serial No. 443,298 (Patent No. 929,687, dated August 3, 1909), .Such molten material removesoxid impurities an occluded and entrained gases and insures a particularly dense, tough and homogeneous casting, free from blow holes, blebs, etc.; also lfthlS wiping material contains a considerable roportion of oxid-dissolving ingredient t partly filled with this wiping material prior to the introduction of the molten metal, the molten metal flowing down throu h this wiping material as it is cast and so displacing upward the wiping material, which is of le'ss specific gravity, said wiping material of the shell 5 and, when metal is cast be- .tween said shell and the sides of the mold, also the mold walls, of oxid or like impurities, absorbed gases, etc. A suitable wiping material is ,boraxor a mixture of borax and sodium or potassium silicateito which a little fluor spar may be added. The proportions of the 'ents of the wiping material may be varled as required to proat the temperature at which the molten metal is cast. This wiping material may, if desired, be placed in the ;mold solid, since themold melt it; or if the shell 5 be laced at a white heat in the mold, the heat ram this shell will sufiice in general to melt material placed the mo The shell 5 and the material having been placed inthe mold as specified, moltencop or othermetal to form the core and, an outer coating is desired, to from this shell willsuflicein general to melt mold and in passing through the molten wip' .material is cleansed as above deson and caused to contact with the surface of the shell 5, and is rmitted to solidereby welding to said surface. Commonly the molten metal will be cast in such quantities as notonly to completely fill the mold but also to rise somewhat into the passage or-"passages of the pouring funnel-6, and owin to the cove of'molten wiping mate which mate r ili l is of low heat conductive capacity,

and to the refractory of funnel 6 The metal cast within or within and as it nses progressively freeing the surface duce a material which will'be .freely liqui the first of the molten metal introduced into e mold need be only head of molten metal within this funnel will be relatively slow to solidify, and so will fill in any spaces left by contraction of the metal below, the hydrostatic pressure due to this. additional helght of molten metal and of the wiping material above it further tending to insure a tough dense cast metal free from blow holes and the like.

If desired, the molten metal cast between the shell 5 and the walls of the mold, may be cast after the casting of the metal within said shell, and after such metal within the shell has begun to solidify, the shrinkage of the metal cast outside of the shell 50 tending to force the contraction of the shell to keep pace with the contraction of'the metal cast within it, and such contraction may be hastened by the circulation of cooling fluid through the jacket 2, the rapid cooling so produced also improving the quality of the cast metal, if it be copper or like metal, and preventing any attack of the metal of the mold, if the mold be of metal, by the. cast metal, ifv the latter be cast at supermolten temperature; and this rapid cooling further tends to prevent attack of the metal of the shell by the cast metal, if the latter be cast at supermolten temperature, to such extent as to contaminate the cast metal.

The ingot so produced may be worked in the ordinary manner, either immediately after solidification, or after submission to a soaking heating, and may be rolled and drawn down to final size and shape in the ordinary manner.

In co-extending the joined metals the softer core metal being compressed inside the steel shell while prevented from lateral yielding or extrusion by its weld-union to such steel, assumes a peculiar hard texture, analogous to the surface texture of hard drawn wire, increasing its strength materially. M

In Fig. 2 I have shown in enlarged section, a wire so produced, comprising a core 10 of copper or like metal of high conductivlty, a coating 11 of steel and an outer coating 12 of copper or like material. This outer coating may be of any thickness des red. It may be-very much thinner relatlvely, than as shown in Fig. 2, or it may be very'much thicker, as shown in Fig. 3. It is not necessarily the same metal as that of the core 10. In most cases the principal function of this outer coating 12 will be to protect the steel coating 11 from oxidation or like chemical attack; therefore it may be yery thin. But in many cases the outer coatmg 12 of non-ferrous metal may be omitted altogether, and in Fig. 4 I have shown such a wire.

The metal may of course be rolled or worked to various shapes other than the circular shape illustrated, and I do not limit myself to 'any particular shape of the final product.

What I claim is 1. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core and an enveloping tubular ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other and in electrical union at all points of abutting surfaces.

2. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal and an enveloping tubular coating of ferrous metal weld-united to each other and in electrical union at all points of abutting surfaces.

3. A.clad metal article comprising a copper core and an enveloping tubular ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other and in electrical union at allpoints of abutting surfaces.

4. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other, and anothercoating of non-ferrousmetal surrounding said ferrous coating.

5. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal'and a coating of ferrousmetal weld-united to each other, and another coating of non-ferrous metal surrounding said ferrous coating.

6. A clad metalarticle comprising a copper core and a ferrous metal coating weldunited to each other, non-ferrous metal surrounding said ferrous coating.

7. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other and another coating of cupriferous metal surrounding said ferrous coating.

8. A clad metal article comprising a. core of cupriferous metal and a coating of ferrous metal weld-united to each other and another coatin of cupriferous metal sur rounding said errous' coating.

9. A clad metal article comprising a co per core and a ferrous metal coating weldunited to each other, and another coating of cupriferous metal surrounding said ferrous coating.

10. A clad metal arti le comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other and anothercoat: ing of copper surrounding said ferrous metal.

11. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal and a coating of ferrous metal weld-united to each other and another coating of copper surrounding said ferrous metal.

12. A clad metal article comprising a 005- I and another coating of co-extended said joined metals being eleca core or cupperand a tubular coating of trically united at all points of abutting surferrous metal weld-united and co-extended faces; said joined metals being electrically united 14. An extended metal article comprising at all points of abutting surfaces.

5 a core of cupriferous metal and a tubular In testimony whereof I aflix my signa- 15 coating of ferrous metal weld-united and ture, in the presence of two witnesses.

co-extended said joined metals being elec- JOHN F. MONNOT. trically united at all points of abutting sur- Witnesses: faces. H. M. MARBLE,

10 i 15. An extended metal article comprising FRANK E. RAFFMAN.

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