US958787A

US958787A - Book-smashing machine.

Info

Publication number: US958787A
Application number: US25213405A
Authority: US
Inventors: Samuel K White
Original assignee: Smyth Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Smyth Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1905-03-27
Filing date: 1905-03-27
Publication date: 1910-05-24
Anticipated expiration: 1927-05-24

Description

s. K. WHITE. BOOK SMASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1905.

958,787. Patented May 24, 1916.

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S. K. WHITE.

Y BOOK $MASHING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED MAB.27,1905.

958,787. Patented May 24,1910.

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S. K. WHITE. BOOK SMASHING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1905.

Patented May 24, 1910.

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BOOK SMASHING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27. 1905.

QJS7HI Patented May 24, m0.

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S. K. WHITE.

BOOK SMASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1905.

958,787, Patented May 24, 1910.

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s. K. WHITE. BOOK SMASHING MACHINE. AIWLIOATIOH FILED MAR. 27, 1905. 958;?87.

S. K. WHITE.

BOOK SMASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1905.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL K. WHITE, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE SMYTH MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CON- NECTICUT.

BOOK-SMASHING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 27, 1905.

Patented May 24;, 1910.

Serial No. 252,134.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL K. WHITE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, county of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Book- Smashing Machines, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to certain improvements in book smashing machines.

After the signatures which form a book have been secured together, as, for instance, by sewing, the back of the book is much thicker than it should be, this thickness being due to the fact that the folds of the signatures are not compressed and, also, where the signatures are secured together by sewing, to the fact that the threads take up considerable room in the signature folds. It is customary, therefore, to subject the books to a process, known as smashing that is to say, the signatures of each book are evened up after they are removed from the machine which secures them together, and the book is subjected to heavy pressure which sets and compresses the folds of each signature, and where the signatures are secured together by sewing machines, flattens the thread somewhat and at thesame time embeds it in the paper, thereby reducing the back of the book to the proper thickness. This smashing operation is usually effected in binderies by subjecting the books to the action of a press, such, for instance, as an embossing press. This operation is a slow one, and in order to smash the books as rapidly as possible, it is customary to put them into the press in piles. This is objectionable, however, for the reason that it is difficult to get all the signatures in the same vertical plane at the back of the book, and if one or more signatures is out of line, this signature will not be properly compressed, and the book is thus unevenly smashed and gives trouble in the subsequent binding operations.

A machine has been suggested in which single books are smashed, the books being fed to and removed from the machine by hand. This machine is, however, slow in its operation, and for this and certain other reasons not necessary to specify, it has not gone into general use.

It is one of the objects of this invention to produce a book smashing machine pr0- vided with devices by which the books may be automatically presented to the smashing mechanism, and, if desired, automatically removed from the smashing machine.

A further object of the invention is to produce a book smashing machine of such a character that a plurality of books may be inserted into the machine, the machine automatically presenting the books singly to the smashing devices, and if desired, automatically removing them from the smashing devices.

A further object of the invention is to produce a book smashing machine having improved constructional details by which the machine is rendered efficient in its operation and its construction simplified.

\Vith these and other objects not specifically referred to in view, the invention consists in the novel features of construction hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings which illustrate one embodiment of the invention,Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of machine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a side View of the machine, the position of the observer being indicated by the arrow 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is an end view of the machine, the position of the observer being indicated by the arrow 3 in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a detail sectional view illustrating the construction of certain wedge adjusting mechanism. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the machine, partly in section. Fig. 6 is a detail plan view on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the driving mechanism for one of the smashing heads, the plane of section being indicated by the line 7-7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail view on the line 88 of Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a detail view illustrating the construction of the mechanism for feeding the books to the smashing mechanism. Fig. 10 is a detail sectional view illustrating the construction of the mechanism for forwarding the books within the range of the feeding mechanism illustrated in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a detail illustrating the construction of certain driving mechanism.

In the particular machine selected to illustrate the invention, the frame which may be of any approved type, consists of a rectangular stand. 1 having a bed plate or bed 2 supported thereon.

In the best constructions, the machine will be provided with means for forwarding a plurality of books to be thereafter acted upon. These forwarding means may be of any desired or approved construction. In the particular construction shown, the bed plate 2 supports a table 3, one of the supporting sides of the table being marked 4. Over this table runs a series of belts 5, these belts running over pulleys 6 mounted on a shaft 7 (see Fig. 10) journaled in the sides of the table, and over pulleys 8 located at the other end of the table. ll hile these pulleys 8 may be mounted in any desired manner, in the construction shown, each of these pulleys is mounted on a short shaft 9 supported in a block 10. These blocks are connected to a belt tightening and tension device 11.

The construction of the belt tightening and tension device illustrated is well-known in the art and further specific description of it is unnecessary for an understanding of the invention.

In the best constructions, the belts 5 will be given an intermittent movement. This may be accomplished by any desired or approved construction. As illustrated, the shaft 7 is provided with a ratchet wheel 12 which is operated by a pawl 13 mounted on a pawl carrier lt, this pawl carrier being swung on the shaft in the manner usual in such constructions. The pawl carrier is operated, in the construction illustrated, by a connecting rod 15, said rod being connected to a crank pin 16 adjustably mounted in a grooved crank arm 17 carried on a hub 19 secured to a shaft 20 to be hereinafter referred to. This construction, as will be readily understood, enables the take of the pawl and consequently the amount of move ment of the belts to be quickly and easily adjusted.

In the best constructions, the forwarding devices will be constructed not only so as to be automatically operated, but also so that they may be operated at times by hand for the purpose of adjusting the machine or for other reasons. While this may be effected in any suitable manner, in the construction shown, the shaft 7 is provided with a hand wheel 21 which is keyed on the shaft, this hand wheel carrying a pin 22 which extends through into the ratchet wheel 12, the ratchet wheel being provided with a series of apertures 23 any one of which may be engaged by the pawl. By withdrawing the pin, it is apparent that the shaft 7 may be rotated by the hand wheel, the pawl and ratchet mechanism being thus disconnected from the shaft. The shaft 20 before referred to,this being the shaft which operates the crank 17, may be driven in any desired manner. In the construction shown, however, this shaft is provided with a large gear 2 1 (see Fig. 7) which is in mesh with a pinion 25 mounted on the main shaft 26 of the machine. In the particular machine shown, furthermore, the shaft 20 is so driven as to make a single revolution during which the several operations performed by the machine are effected, after which the machine comes to a stop, and is then again started by means under the control of the operator, though it will of course be understood that the driving mechanism of the machine may be varied in this respect. When a driving mechanism such as that illustrated is employed and the relation of the driving pinion 25 to the gear 24 is substantially as shown, a number of revolutions of the shaft 26 will be required for a single revolution of the shaft 20. In the particular construction illustrated, this is effected by driving the shaft 26 by an intermittently operating clutch mechanism of which any approved type may be employed. In the construction shown (see Fig. 5) the pinion 25 is provided with a long hub or sleeve 28, this sleeve carrying a friction disk 29 the hub 30 of which is secured by a feather 31, or many other suitable manner, to the sleeve. The hub 30 is provided with a series of toggle arms 32, each of which carries a friction block 33, these blocks taking into a groove in a rim 3 1 of a disk 35 fixed on the shaft 26. The friction disk 29 cooperates with a friction surface 36 bolted or otherwise secured to a part of the machine frame.

With this construction, it will be understood that by sliding the disk 29 and its hub to the right (Fig. 5) the blocks 33 will be caused to engage the rim 34 of the wheel 35, and the. hub will be driven and will in turn drive the hub or sleeve 28 and the pinion 25. On the other hand, by moving the friction disk 29 and its hub to the left (Fig. 5) the blocks 33 will be disengaged from the wheel 35, and the disk 29 engaging its cooperating surface 36 will bring the machine to a stop.

The movements of the friction disk referred to may be effected in any desired manner. In the particular construction shown, the hub 30 is grooved, the groove being engaged by semi-circular blocks 37 carried on a yoke 38 pivoted at 39 to a stud extending from the friction surface 36. The lower end of this yoke is connected to a sliding bar 40 which is moved in one direction by a pinion 4:1 engaging with a rack 42 mounted on the bar, and in the other direction by a spring 43. This pinion 41 is mounted on a long shaft 1 1 which extends through the front of the machine and is provided (see Figs. 2 and 8) with an operating collar 45 which is notched and engaged by a lever 46, this lever being loose on the shaft and held in position between the collar 45 and another collar 47. To this lever 46 is or may be connected a pull spring 48 (see Fig. 8). By throwing the lever over, the shaft 44 is rotated and the clutch mechanism made operative to drive the shaft in the manner heretofore described.

In order that it may not be necessary for the operator to keep his hand on the operating lever, a suitable tripping mechanism is provided which will hold the sliding bar 40 in the position it assumes when the parts of the clutch are engaged. Any suitable form of tripping mechanism may be employed. In the construction shown, the bar is provided with a lug 49 (see Fi s. 2 and 6) which is engaged by the end 0' a pivoted lever 50, this lever being operated in one direction by a cam projection 51 on the shaft 20 and in the other direction by a spring 52.

In the operation of the machine, as soon as the operating lever 46 is thrown over, the end of the lever 50 snaps in behind the lug 49. The operator then releases the lever 46 which is pulled back by its spring 48. WVhen the shaft 20 and gear 24 have made a complete revolution, the cam projection 51 throws the lever 50 out of engagement with the lug 49 and the spring 43 moves the slide bar 40 in the reverse direction, bringing the shoulder on the notched collar 45 into position to be again engaged by the lever 46 when it is next thrown over by the operator. The shaft 26, it may be remarked, is a constantly running shaft driven by a belt pulley 53, or in any other suitable manner.

lVith the construction so far described, a row of books being placed on the carrier belts 5 will be intermittently forwarded an amount equal to the take of the pawl 13 before referred to.

In the best constructions, the books will be placed upon the carrier belts back down and the inner ends of the books as they are placed in the machine will abut against a suitable guide, such a guide being indicated at 54. In the best constructions, further more, the books will be singly presented to the smashing mechanism to be hereinafter described, the take of the pawl being regulated so that the row of books is advanced, for each movement of the carrier belts, a distance equal to the thickness of a book.

The mechanism by which the books are fed to the smashing mechanism may be widely varied in its construction. In the particular construction shown, a carrier is provided, this carrier (see Figs. 2, 3, 8 and 9) consisting of a chain 55 running over

sprocket wheels

56, 57. The sprocket wheel 56 is mounted on a stud 56 extending outacross the machine (see Fig. 1) which is mounted on two rods 59 extending through a standard 60 at the rear end of the machine and a standard 60 at the front end of the machine, these standards rising from the table 2. The sprocket wheel 57 is a driven wheel and is mounted on a shaft 57 which is journaled in the support 58. The end of this support is formed to provide a box in which is located (see Fig. 2) a pair of bevel gears 61, 61, the gear 61 being mounted on the shaft 57, and the gear 61 being mounted on a vertical shaft 62. The lower end of this shaft 62 carries a beveled pinion 63 which is in mesh with a bevel gear 63 which is fast on a shaft 64 (see Fig. 11). This shaft carries a driving disk 65 which is provided with four radial grooves, as shown, which are successively engaged by a pin 66 on a crank arm 67 mounted on a short shaft 68 suitably supported in the machine.

The shaft 68 is provided with a gear 69 which meshes with a gear 70 mounted on the shaft 20 before referred to. This construction is a well-known form of gearing known as the Geneva movement, and the gearing is so proportioned as to produce a quarter revolution of the disk 65 for each revolution of the shaft 20, this quarter turn of the disk 65 being suiiicient to give the feeding pushers to be hereinafter referred to the desired amount of movement.

lVhile the mechanism for driving the feed ing chain, when a chain is employed, is a convenient one, other driving mechanisms may be employed, if desired. In the particular construction shown, this feeding chain is provided with a series of angle brackets 71 which are secured to the chain in any suitable manner, as by bolts, each of these brackets serving to support a pusher or finger 72. The parts are so proportioned that for each movement of the feeding chain, one of these pusher fingers will take behind the end book of the row being forwarded by the carrier belts, this end book having at this time been forced. up against an adjustable stop 73 mounted on the table 3 (see Fig. 1). In order to prevent any buckling of the chain or tipping of a pusher after it has engaged a book, a guide is preferably provided. In the particular construction shown, this guide consists of a pair of grooved ways 74 which are entered by the edges of the bottoms of the angle brackets 71, these guides being located alongside the under run of the chain and being supported by collars 75 which embrace the rods 59 be fore referred to.

The smashing mechanism employed may vary widely in its details of construction and in the mechanism by which it is operated. In the particular construction shown,

ward from a support 58 which extends 1 this mechanism includes a pair of heads 7 6,

77. lVhile either or both of the heads might be movable, in the construction illustrated, the head 77 is the movable head. The construction illustrated also provides means for supporting a book between the heads. WVhile this support might be provided for in various ways, the head 77 has formed in one piece therewith a supporting table 78 which moves with the head, sliding beneath the head 76. As has been indicated, any suitable means may be provided for operating this movable head. In the construction shown, a tog le is employed for this purpose, this toggle ?see Figs. 7 and 8) consisting of a long arm 79 and a short arm 80, the long arm having its bearing on a circular block 81 which is located in a recess formed in the back of the movable head 77. A similar block 82 forms the joint between the long and short arms of the toggle, and the short arm bears against a similar block 83 lying partly in a recess in the short arm of the toggle and partly in a recess in the standard 60 before referred to. The operating means for the toggle may also be varied within wide limits, but in the best constructions the toggle will be made and broken by a slotted arm such as illustrated at 84, this arm being preferably formed in one piece with the short arm of the toggle. The slot in this arm 84 is engaged by a roller 85 mounted on the gear 2 1 before referred to. It is apparent that by this construction the toggle will be made and broken for each revolution of this gear 2A.

The smashing heads, whatever may be their construction, will, in the best constructions, be made adjustable for different sizes of books. While this may be effected by various means, in the construction shown, the head 76 is mounted to slide on the rods 59, and behind this head is located a slide having two wedge flanges 86, the back of this slide 87 resting flat against the standard 60 and having ribbed projections which move in ways 88 formed integral with the standard 60. These wedge projections 86 cooperate with inclined bearing surfaces 89 formed on the head 76, these surfaces being also ribbed and running in ways 90 formed integrally with the flanges which provide the wedge surfaces 86. In this construction it will be readily understood that by moving the wedge up or down the head 76 can be adjusted.

Any suitable means may be employed for adjusting the wedge. As shown, the base portion of this wedge is provided with a nut 91 in which works a screw shaft 92, this shaft being journaled in a bracket extending inwardly from the machine frame and having on its end a bevel gear 93 which is in mesh with a similar gear 94 mounted on a shaft 95 journaled in the machine frame.

A hand-wheel 96, or other similar means, is provided for operating the shaft 95.

When a book is placed between smashing heads, and the heads are brought together, there is a tendency for the signatures to move out of alinement. In order to effect the proper smashing of a book, it is of course necessary that the backs of the signatures lie in the same plane, and if either the outer or the inner signatures move up sufficiently to destroy the alinement when the pressure is brought to bear on the back of the book, the book will not be properly smashed. Means, therefore, should be provided to prevent the backs of the signatures from getting out of alinement, and in the best constructions, these means will be of such a character that the pressure at points along the edge of the back of the books will be made eflective to produce a holding pressure at points along the book beyond the back. Various constructions may be employed to effect the result referred to. In the particular construction shown, which is an effective one for that purpose, each head is recessed (see Fig. 8) and carries a plate 97, these plates forming a compressor and being cut away or chamfered ofi" as indicated at 98, for about a third of their Width, so that they are, in reality, rocking plates, that is, they rock on fulcra which are located at about the points where the chamfering off ceases. The edges of the

heads

76 and 77 are provided with short slotted plates 99 and the ends of the plates 97 are provided with pins 100 which work in the slots, the purpose of this construction being to prevent the plates from dropping out of their recesses. Any other retaining construction may be substituted for this, provided the construction is of such a character as to allow the rocking movement of the plates.

The book having been carried between the

heads

76, 77 by a pusher and the head 77 being moved up against the book, and because the book is wider at its extreme back, the pressure will first be brought to bear against the book at its widest part, that is, on a line closely adjacent to the back. The

' back of the book, as of course will be understood, rests at this time on the support 78 and all the signatures are registered by the support. As the pressure increases, it will happen that, in the first instance, the plates 97 will be tipped inward, so that the upper ends of the plates grasp the book at points or on lines beyond the back and hold it to prevent rising of any of the signatures as the pressure increases.

It will be understood that the area of the plates bearing on the sides of the book beyond the back, that is, on the thinner part of the book, is very much greater than the area bearing on the thick part of the book,

that is, the part adjacent to the back. Further, it will be seen that the plates are, in effect, levers, the inner arms of which are constituted by the parts above the chamfered ofl' portion of the blocks. In the first instance therefore, the pressure, as the plates strike the book along the thick part of the back, is made effective to produce a holding action of the plates at their upper sides, and as the pressure increases, the plates are caused to assume a substantially vertical position, that is to say, the lower sides of the plates are forced forward by the backward movement of the upper sides of the plates due to the lever action of the plates. The greater the pressure exerted on the heads, therefore, the greater the holding pressure is, and the greater the pressure per unit of area on the book on the smashing line.

After the books have been smashed, they are removed from the smashing machine, and in the best constructions, this will be accomplished by automatic means. In the particular construction illustrated, the removal of the books is effected by the feeding pushers, the construction being such that the movement of the carriers causes one pusher to eject a book and the next one to introduce a' book between the smashing heads.

As the books advance after being smashed, in the particular construction shown, they slide into a receiver which is formed by two

angular plates

101, 102 supported on brackets 103 on the side of the machine opposite the side which supports the book forwarding belts 5. In the best constructions, means will be provided for automatically advancing the books along the receiver. lVhile any suitable construction may be employed for this purpose, as shown, there is provided a pusher 103 which works in a slot 104 in the side 101 of the receiver. Any suitable mechanism may be provided for operating the pusher. As shown, the pusher is fixed to a sliding block 105 which moves in ways 106 secured to the back of a plate 101. This sliding .block 105 is connected by a link 107 to an arm 108 on a shaft 109 suitably supported in the frame. This shaft has also secured to it an arm 110 which is connected by a rod 111 to an eccentric strap 112, this strap surrounding an eccentric 113 which is mounted on the shaft 68 before referred to.

Changes and variations may be made in the construction by which the invention is carried into effect. While, therefore, the construction illustrated and described is an effective one for the carrying out of the invent-ion, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be restricted thereto.

What is claimed is 1. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of automatic means for feeding books thereto.

2. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of automatic means for feeding the books away from said devices after they have acted.

3. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of automatic means for feeding the books to and away from said devices.

1. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of automatic means for feeding the books singly thereto.

5. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of automatic means for feeding the books singly to the smashing devices and away from them after said devices have acted.

6. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of means for advancing a plurality of books, and means for presenting the books singly to the smashing devices.

7. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of means for forwarding a plurality of books, feeding devices operating to present the books singly to the smashing devices, and means for giving the feeding devices step by step movement.

8. In a book smashing machine, the combination with smashing devices, of means for forwarding a plurality of books, feeding devices operating to present the books singly to the smashing devices, means for giving the feeding devices step by step movement, and delivery means.

9. In a smashing machine, the combination with the smashing devices, of a carrier, a plurality of pushers mounted on the carrier, and means for giving the carrier a step by step movement to cause the pushers to move the books to and away from the smashing devices.

10. In a smashing machine, the combination with the smashing devices, of a carrier, a plurality of pushers mounted on the carrier, means for giving the carrier a step by step movement to cause the pushers to move the books to and away from the smashing devices, and means for bringing the books within the range of action of the pushers.

11. The combination with a smashing mechanism, of means for forwarding a plurality of books sidewise, and means for moving the books endwise to present them to the smashing mechanism.

12. The combination with a smashing mechanism, of means for forwarding a plurality of books sidewise, and means for giving successive books endwise movements to present them to and move them away from the smashing mechanism.

13. The combination with smashing mechanism, of means for forwarding a plurality of books sidewise, a carrier, a plurality of pushers mounted on the carrier, and means for giving the carrier step by step move-- ments for presenting the books.

14. In a smashing machine, the combination with a smashing mechanism, of a carrier, a plurality of pushers mounted on the carrier and arranged to engage the ends of the books, means for giving the carrier step by step movements to move the books into and out of the range of action of the smashing mechanism, and means for forwarding a plurality of books sidewise to bring them into the range of action of the pushers.

15. The combination with a smashing mechanism, of an endless carrier, a plurality of pushers secured to the carrier, means for giving the carrier a step by step movement, and guiding means for the pushers.

16. The combination with a smashing mechanism, of an endless carrier, a plurality of pushers, plates to which the pushers are secured, said plates being secured to the carrier, means for giving the carrier a step by step movement, and a guide for the plates while the pushers are operating.

17. In a book smashing machine, the combination with a pair of smashing heads, of a toggle for operating one of the heads, and means for making and breaking the toggle, said means including a slotted arm and a crank.

18. In a book smashing machine, the combination with a pair of smashing heads, of a toggle connected with one of the heads, a slotted arm connected with one of the members of the toggle, and a rotating part carrying a crank pin which engages the slot in the arm.

19. In a smashing machine, the combination with a smashing mechanism, of means for advancing a plurality of books located on one side of the smashing mechanism, a receiver for the smashed books on the other side of the smashing mechanism, and means for feeding the books from the advancing mechanism through the smashing mechanism and delivering them to the receiver.

20. In a smashing machine, the combination with a smashing mechanism, of means for advancing a plurality of books located on one side of the smashing mechanism, a receiver for the smashed books on the other side of the smashing mechanism, and automatic means for feeding the books from the advancing mechanism through the smashing mechanism and delivering them to the receiver.

21. In a book smashing machine, the combination with means for advancing a plurality of books located on one side of the smashing mechanism, of a receiver located on the other side of the smashing mechanism, means for feeding books from the advancing mechanism through the smashing mechanism and to the receiver, and a pusher for forwarding the books in the receiver.

22. In a smashing machine, the combination with a pair of smashing heads, of means for forwarding a plurality of books located on one side of the heads, intermittently operated means for advancing the books endwise between the heads, a receiver located on the opposite side of the head into which the books are delivered after the smashing 0peration, and a pusher for advancing the books in the receiver.

23. In a smashing machine, the combinations with a smashing mechanism, of means for presenting books thereto, means for forwarding the books into the range of the presenting means, means for automatically operating said forwarding means, and means whereby said forwarding means may be operated by hand.

24. In a smashing machine, the combination with a smashing mechanism, of feeding devices for presenting the books thereto, a carrier for bringing the books into the range of action of the feeding devices, a driving shaft, connections whereby the driving shaft gives the carrier intermittent movements, and hand operating devices for operating the carrier.

25. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for causing a relative approaching movement of the heads, and means whereby the pressure on the book at points adjacent to the back is made effective to produce a holding pressure on the side of the book at points remote from the back.

26. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for causing a relative approaching movement of the heads, and means whereby the pressure per unit of area on a side of the book at points remote from the back is rendered effective to produce a greater pressure per unit of area on a side at points adjacent to the back.

27. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for causing a relative approaching movement of the heads, a compressor actuated by the heads and arranged to act upon the book at points remote from the back, and means whereby the pressure eX- erted by the compressor on the book at points adjacent to the back is made effective to produce a holding pressure on a side of the book at points remote from the back.

28. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for causing a relative approaching movement of the heads, a compressor including a lever constructed to bear upon the book at points adjacent its back and at points remote from the back, said compressor on the side of the book remote from the back.

29. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for producing a relative approaching movement of the heads, and a compressor including a rocking plate arranged to bear upon the book, the pivotal point of the plate being nearest that part of the plate which bears upon the back of the book.

30. The combination with a pair of heads, of means for supporting a book between them, means for producing a relative approaching movement of the heads, and rocking plates carried by the heads, said plates being arranged to bear upon the book at its back and on its side remote from the back, the pivotal points of the plates being near-- est that end of the plates which bears upon the back of the book.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set myhand, in the presence of two subscribing 25 witnesses.

SAMUEL K. WHITE. Witnesses:

MARY E. OREEDQN, FREDERICK D. TAYLOR.