US9578725B2 - Starting device for discharge lamps - Google Patents

Starting device for discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US9578725B2
US9578725B2 US15/022,744 US201415022744A US9578725B2 US 9578725 B2 US9578725 B2 US 9578725B2 US 201415022744 A US201415022744 A US 201415022744A US 9578725 B2 US9578725 B2 US 9578725B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
starting device
toroidal core
ferromagnetic
ballast
electric coil
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Expired - Fee Related
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US15/022,744
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US20160345417A1 (en
Inventor
Alberto Menghi
Demos FUOCHI
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Easylumen Srl
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Easylumen Srl
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Assigned to EASYLUMEN S.R.L. reassignment EASYLUMEN S.R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUOCHI, DEMOS, MENGHI, ALBERTO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J7/30—Igniting arrangements
    • H01J7/32—Igniting arrangements having resistive or capacitative igniter
    • H01J7/34—Igniting arrangements having resistive or capacitative igniter having resistive igniter only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H05B41/10—Starting switches magnetic only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2895—Windings disposed upon ring cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/16—Toroidal transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances
    • H01F38/10—Ballasts, e.g. for discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/12—Ignition, e.g. for IC engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/18—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies having a starting switch

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a starting device for discharge lamps.
  • starter In starting devices for discharge lamps, according to known technical criteria which have been widespread for some time now, at least a “starter” ignitor and a ballast must be present which, acting together, cause an overvoltage in the electrodes, contained in the lamp tube together with a gas. That overvoltage triggers an electric discharge which ionises the gas present in the tube, producing the emission of light radiation.
  • the lamp switches to normal operation, in which the ballast takes on the function of stabiliser for the electric current drawn, so that the light radiation emitted is uniform and stable.
  • Said schematic operation can basically be traced back to traditional luminaires, which use a ballast composed of a core of small ferromagnetic plates in a pack, on which a metal conductor coil is wound, powered by alternating current mainly supplied by public electric networks. Since the ballast load is highly inductive, it is usually necessary to add, in the lamp power circuit, a power factor correction capacitor.
  • ballasts basically consist of some noisiness during operation caused by lamellar pack vibrations, the poor tolerance of voltage oscillations on the electric networks at various times of day, accentuated thermal dispersion, with consequent reduction of component lifetime, and above all low overall energy efficiency obtainable with such ballasts.
  • Other devices use an electronic control circuit for varying the lamp power supply voltage and frequency, making said parameters optimal for the various phases which come one after another, such as filament heating, initial discharge, stable operation or variations in the brightness of the lamp.
  • the aim of this invention is, therefore, to eliminate the above-mentioned limitations and disadvantages.
  • ballast which has a core made of annealed ferromagnetic material, with a toroidal shape, in which a suitably sized air gap is present.
  • the main advantage of this invention is basically the fact that the overall energy efficiency of the luminaire reaches a high value, therefore with low energy costs for operation.
  • ballast does not suffer from reduced efficiency and technical performance during operation outdoors and in a hot environment, nor is it affected by the voltage oscillations present on the electricity networks, therefore guaranteeing a longer lifetime than that of electronic power devices and devices comprising traditional ferromagnetic ballasts.
  • a further advantage is the fact that the high level of operating reliability and long lifetime of the invention guarantee significant savings due to the reduced maintenance required by systems in which it is installed.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a component of the invention, with some parts cut away to better illustrate others;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are radial cross-sections of two possible alternative embodiments of the same component as in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • a starting device for discharge lamps comprises at least an ignitor 1 and a ferromagnetic ballast 3 .
  • the ferromagnetic ballast 3 is composed of at least a toroidal core 5 , equipped with at least an air gap 5 a , and an electric coil 4 , wound around the toroidal core 5 . That shape of the ferromagnetic ballast 3 allows the obtainment of lasting high energy efficiency, resulting in corresponding improved efficiency of the device 10 and the lamp 20 with which it is associated.
  • the starting device 10 comprises a power factor correction capacitor 2 for the current drawn by the lamp 20 and by the ferromagnetic ballast 5 .
  • the toroidal core 5 may be made in various ways: it may be composed of one or more small plates made of ferromagnetic material wound over themselves in a spiral, as shown in FIG. 4 , of small plates of ferromagnetic material in a pack, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , or even solid ferromagnetic material. Annealing of the ferromagnetic material after the air gap 5 a has been created in any case guarantees improvement of the magnetic properties of the core, reducing losses caused by magnetic hysteresis.
  • the electric coil 4 is made of copper.
  • the electric coil 4 is made of aluminium or another conducting material, so as to make the ferromagnetic ballast 3 as a whole less heavy.
  • the electric coil 4 may be coupled to the toroidal core 5 by means of a resin layer 4 a which gives the set of parts greater compactness, guaranteeing that the ferromagnetic ballast 3 will be less noisy due to vibrations, better insulated and more able to withstand corrosion due to weather.
  • the device 10 may also involve the use of at least one intermediate electrical connection 6 , which allows the device 10 to operate using inductance values of the electric coil 4 of the ferromagnetic ballast 3 which are lower than the nominal value, as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • This figure shows how the intermediate electrical connection 6 allows the ferromagnetic ballast 3 to be used for ballasts having an input voltage V′ different to the input voltage V of 220 Volts found in most cases.
  • the intermediate electrical connection 6 also allows different output voltages to be obtained, so as to regulate the luminous flux depending on the energy saving.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A starting device for discharge lamps including an ignitor and a ferromagnetic ballast, composed of a toroidal core, equipped with at least an air gap, and an electric coil wound around the toroidal core.

Description

This application is the National Phase of International Application PCT/IT2014/000257 filed Sep. 26, 2014 which designated the U.S. and that International Application was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English.
This application claims priority to Italian Application No. RN2013A000039 filed Sep. 27, 2013, which application is incorporated by reference herein.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a starting device for discharge lamps.
In starting devices for discharge lamps, according to known technical criteria which have been widespread for some time now, at least a “starter” ignitor and a ballast must be present which, acting together, cause an overvoltage in the electrodes, contained in the lamp tube together with a gas. That overvoltage triggers an electric discharge which ionises the gas present in the tube, producing the emission of light radiation.
After starting, the lamp switches to normal operation, in which the ballast takes on the function of stabiliser for the electric current drawn, so that the light radiation emitted is uniform and stable.
BACKGROUND ART
Said schematic operation can basically be traced back to traditional luminaires, which use a ballast composed of a core of small ferromagnetic plates in a pack, on which a metal conductor coil is wound, powered by alternating current mainly supplied by public electric networks. Since the ballast load is highly inductive, it is usually necessary to add, in the lamp power circuit, a power factor correction capacitor.
However, as described in document EP 1063870, the use is also known of traditional transformers, with primary and secondary windings, intended to increase the saturation current of the secondary winding, when the discharge lamp starting module is miniaturised, as is the case, for example in motor vehicle headlights.
Although such technology is still widespread, both for the many systems still operating, but also for new systems in particular for lighting streets and outdoor structures, various alternative solutions have been adopted, aiming to overcome the defects and limits of ferromagnetic ballasts. Such limits basically consist of some noisiness during operation caused by lamellar pack vibrations, the poor tolerance of voltage oscillations on the electric networks at various times of day, accentuated thermal dispersion, with consequent reduction of component lifetime, and above all low overall energy efficiency obtainable with such ballasts.
Therefore, alternative electronic devices are currently spreading, such as the self-oscillating ballast, which needs neither the ignitor (or starter), since it can use a trigger voltage produced inside it, nor the power factor correction capacitor, since the power factor is high enough. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the luminaire is considerably higher than that obtained using ferromagnetic ballasts.
Other devices use an electronic control circuit for varying the lamp power supply voltage and frequency, making said parameters optimal for the various phases which come one after another, such as filament heating, initial discharge, stable operation or variations in the brightness of the lamp.
An example is described in document U.S. Pat. No. 4,275,337, in which an electronic ignitor is also able to very quickly re-start a discharge lamp which has been switched off.
In general, the above-mentioned various types of electronic devices for powering discharge lamps, although working very well, are not good at withstanding prolonged exposure to weather, particularly at the high temperatures which occur in systems for lighting streets or outdoor areas, with energy efficiency and technical performance which rapidly deteriorate over time, even necessitating their early substitution.
Another disadvantage which must be considered is the high cost of such electronic devices. Said particular features mean that even today traditional ferromagnetic ballasts are still widely used.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The aim of this invention is, therefore, to eliminate the above-mentioned limitations and disadvantages.
The invention, as described in the claims, achieves that aim by using a ballast which has a core made of annealed ferromagnetic material, with a toroidal shape, in which a suitably sized air gap is present.
The main advantage of this invention is basically the fact that the overall energy efficiency of the luminaire reaches a high value, therefore with low energy costs for operation.
Another advantage is due to the fact that the ballast does not suffer from reduced efficiency and technical performance during operation outdoors and in a hot environment, nor is it affected by the voltage oscillations present on the electricity networks, therefore guaranteeing a longer lifetime than that of electronic power devices and devices comprising traditional ferromagnetic ballasts.
A further advantage is the fact that the high level of operating reliability and long lifetime of the invention guarantee significant savings due to the reduced maintenance required by systems in which it is installed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further advantages and features of the invention are more apparent in the detailed description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an example embodiment of it without limiting the scope of the invention, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a component of the invention, with some parts cut away to better illustrate others;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are radial cross-sections of two possible alternative embodiments of the same component as in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
A starting device for discharge lamps comprises at least an ignitor 1 and a ferromagnetic ballast 3. The ferromagnetic ballast 3 is composed of at least a toroidal core 5, equipped with at least an air gap 5 a, and an electric coil 4, wound around the toroidal core 5. That shape of the ferromagnetic ballast 3 allows the obtainment of lasting high energy efficiency, resulting in corresponding improved efficiency of the device 10 and the lamp 20 with which it is associated.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, schematically illustrated in FIG. 1, the starting device 10 comprises a power factor correction capacitor 2 for the current drawn by the lamp 20 and by the ferromagnetic ballast 5.
The toroidal core 5 may be made in various ways: it may be composed of one or more small plates made of ferromagnetic material wound over themselves in a spiral, as shown in FIG. 4, of small plates of ferromagnetic material in a pack, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, or even solid ferromagnetic material. Annealing of the ferromagnetic material after the air gap 5 a has been created in any case guarantees improvement of the magnetic properties of the core, reducing losses caused by magnetic hysteresis.
The electric coil 4 is made of copper. In a possible alternative embodiment, the electric coil 4 is made of aluminium or another conducting material, so as to make the ferromagnetic ballast 3 as a whole less heavy.
The electric coil 4, as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, may be coupled to the toroidal core 5 by means of a resin layer 4 a which gives the set of parts greater compactness, guaranteeing that the ferromagnetic ballast 3 will be less noisy due to vibrations, better insulated and more able to withstand corrosion due to weather.
The device 10 may also involve the use of at least one intermediate electrical connection 6, which allows the device 10 to operate using inductance values of the electric coil 4 of the ferromagnetic ballast 3 which are lower than the nominal value, as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5. This figure shows how the intermediate electrical connection 6 allows the ferromagnetic ballast 3 to be used for ballasts having an input voltage V′ different to the input voltage V of 220 Volts found in most cases. The intermediate electrical connection 6 also allows different output voltages to be obtained, so as to regulate the luminous flux depending on the energy saving.

Claims (10)

The invention claimed is:
1. A starting device for discharge lamps, comprising at least an ignitor and a ferromagnetic ballast, wherein the ferromagnetic ballast is composed of at least a toroidal core, equipped with at least an air gap, and one electric coil, wound around the toroidal core.
2. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein it comprises a capacitor, designed for power factor correction of the current drawn by the lamp and by the ferromagnetic ballast.
3. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the toroidal core is composed of at least a small plate wound in a spiral over itself, made of ferromagnetic material.
4. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the toroidal core is composed of small plates in a pack, made of ferromagnetic material.
5. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the toroidal core is made of solid ferromagnetic material.
6. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the electric coil made of copper.
7. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the electric coil is made of aluminium.
8. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein the electric coil is associated with the toroidal core by means of a resin layer.
9. The starting device according to claim 1, wherein it comprises at least an intermediate electrical connection, able to reduce the inductance of the electric coil comprised in the ferromagnetic ballast.
10. A method for making a starting device, comprising at least an ignitor and a ferromagnetic ballast, composed of at least a toroidal core, equipped with at least an air gap, and an electric coil wound around the toroidal core, wherein it comprises at least a step of annealing the toroidal core after the air gap has been created.
US15/022,744 2013-09-27 2014-09-26 Starting device for discharge lamps Expired - Fee Related US9578725B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000039A ITRN20130039A1 (en) 2013-09-27 2013-09-27 IGNITION DEVICE FOR DISCHARGE LAMPS.
ITRN2013A0039 2013-09-27
ITRN2013A000039 2013-09-27
PCT/IT2014/000257 WO2015044973A1 (en) 2013-09-27 2014-09-26 A starting device for discharge lamps

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US20160345417A1 US20160345417A1 (en) 2016-11-24
US9578725B2 true US9578725B2 (en) 2017-02-21

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US (1) US9578725B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3050405A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2016535387A (en)
KR (1) KR20160064099A (en)
CN (1) CN105659707A (en)
BR (1) BR112016006568A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2923791A1 (en)
CL (1) CL2016000696A1 (en)
EA (1) EA201690460A1 (en)
HK (1) HK1221855A1 (en)
IL (1) IL244637A0 (en)
IT (1) ITRN20130039A1 (en)
MA (1) MA38923A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2016003699A (en)
TN (1) TN2016000093A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015044973A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB777626A (en) 1955-01-31 1957-06-26 Mcgraw Electric Co Method of making three phase transformers
US4275337A (en) 1979-08-08 1981-06-23 General Electric Company Starting and operating circuit for gaseous discharge lamps
US5497052A (en) 1994-06-09 1996-03-05 Magnetek, Inc. Isolated constant wattage lamp ballast
US6100653A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-08-08 Tapeswitch Corporation Inductive-resistive fluorescent apparatus and method
EP1063870A1 (en) 1999-06-21 2000-12-27 Valeo Vision Improvements to discharge lamp starting modules in car headlamps
US6404142B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-06-11 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Starting device for discharge lamp

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3699385A (en) * 1970-12-30 1972-10-17 Sylvania Electric Prod Control circuit for starting, sustaining and operating arc lamps
US5838220A (en) * 1997-07-16 1998-11-17 Toroids International Hong Kong Ltd Toroidal transformer with space saving insulation and method for insulating a winding of a toroidal transformer
CN2475111Y (en) * 2001-03-28 2002-01-30 钱闻达 Low-loss inductance ballast
CN2519988Y (en) * 2001-11-21 2002-11-06 安徽省三色照明股份有限公司 Energy-saving inductive ballast for 35 W ceramic inner tube metal halide lamp
CN101800126A (en) * 2010-04-12 2010-08-11 东莞市源殿电子科技有限公司 Preparation process and product of low magnetic leakage and air gap-free annular iron core

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB777626A (en) 1955-01-31 1957-06-26 Mcgraw Electric Co Method of making three phase transformers
US4275337A (en) 1979-08-08 1981-06-23 General Electric Company Starting and operating circuit for gaseous discharge lamps
US5497052A (en) 1994-06-09 1996-03-05 Magnetek, Inc. Isolated constant wattage lamp ballast
US6100653A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-08-08 Tapeswitch Corporation Inductive-resistive fluorescent apparatus and method
EP1063870A1 (en) 1999-06-21 2000-12-27 Valeo Vision Improvements to discharge lamp starting modules in car headlamps
US6366023B1 (en) 1999-06-21 2002-04-02 Valeo Vision Starter modules for motor vehicle headlight discharge lamps
US6404142B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-06-11 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Starting device for discharge lamp

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 5, 2015 from counterpart PCT App No. PCT/IT2014/000257.

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Publication number Publication date
JP2016535387A (en) 2016-11-10
IL244637A0 (en) 2016-04-21
US20160345417A1 (en) 2016-11-24
MA38923A1 (en) 2017-06-30
TN2016000093A1 (en) 2017-07-05
WO2015044973A1 (en) 2015-04-02
BR112016006568A2 (en) 2017-08-01
ITRN20130039A1 (en) 2015-03-28
KR20160064099A (en) 2016-06-07
MX2016003699A (en) 2016-10-31
CL2016000696A1 (en) 2016-10-14
CN105659707A (en) 2016-06-08
EP3050405A1 (en) 2016-08-03
EA201690460A1 (en) 2016-06-30
CA2923791A1 (en) 2015-04-02
HK1221855A1 (en) 2017-06-09

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