US951278A - Pressure device. - Google Patents

Description

R. JANNEY.

PRESSURE DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 190s.

Patented Mar.8, 1910.

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R. JANNEY.

PRESSURE DEVIOE. l APPLIOATION FILED JUNI: 12, 190B.

WIT/VESSES: /mwm Patented Mar.8, 1910.

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l/vl/E/vol? REvNoLn JANNEY A TTOHNEYS UNITED ,sTA'rpswPATENT oFFIoE.

nnYNoLn JANNEY, or NEW Yoan, Nf Y.`

rnnssnnn v DEvIoEQ Specification of vLetters Patent.

To all whom 'itmay concern:

Be it known that I, RnvNoLn ANNEY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State ofl New York, haye invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pressure Devices, ofv which the following is a specification. L

My invention relates to devices in which a fluid and more particularly a liquidv under pressure has a tendency' to separate two parts or elements provided. with surfaces in Lcontact witheach other and having one or more passages or orts which leadto and as it were intersect t e said surfaces of contact. The object ofmy present-` invention is to secure 'a very eliicientI Abalancing of pres? sures so as to minimize the tendency to separate the said surfaces by the pressure of the .fluid which escapes orleaks between them from the said passages or ports.

A\nother object. of my invention is to provide an adjustable means for balancing the two pressures, one of them tending to se arate the said contact surfaces and" the ot er tending to hold them together.

In the accompanying drawings If have illustrated my -invention as i ppl-ied to a variable speed gear, but it wil .be understood that I do not wish to limit myself to such application.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of `a machine to which my invention is applied; Fig. y2 is a face view of the contact surface of the stationary element or mid-platez Fig.

3 illustrates another form' of said contact surface; Fig. Llis a section on linel 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. `."i is a face View showing still.

another form of the invention; Fi. 6 isn a loigitudinal section on line (i-G o? Fi "'5; an Fig. 7 is :section on line 7 7 of Fig. 5.

The variable. speed gear to which I have applied my present invention in the embodiment illustrated by thev drawings consistsof a suitable casing 11, in which are journaled the drive shaft 12 and the driven shaft 13. A,midplate 14 is located at the center of the casin 11 and this mid-plate is providedA with two passages p or channels 14a ,14" `extending ,entirely through it.

The ends or orifices of these passagesareV located in surfaces which are' in contact with crrespondingV surfaces of two r o tary barrels 15 and 16 respectively. These barrels are preferably pressed toward the mid-plate by springs 1-7 and contain cylinplate. said ders 15a 16, each of which has a reduced port 15' 1G" leading to th-zl surface alon which the barrel is in Contact with themic ports being adapted to register periodically with one or the other of the assages or channels of the mid-plate. i Eac of the cylinders contains a piston 18, arranged to reciprocate toward and from the midplate and from these pistons connecting rods 1-9 lead to rings 20,

a universal joint, so that said ring while rotated with the shaft, may assume various anglesr- The rings 2O rotate on annular races 21', preferably with the interpos'ition of bear- -ing balls 22, and these races are. inclined during the operation of the machine. @ne of these races-may be held permanently at the sameyinclination if desired, but at least one of them'sliould be adjustable to different inclinatio'ns, which maybe effected by vmeans each of which is con-- nected with the respective'shaft- 12 or 13 by,

Patented' Mar. 8. 1910. Application filed Jiine 12, 1908. 'Serial No. 438.057.

of a hand wheel'23, suitably geared to the race 21. In practice'tl'ie machine has various other parts for insuring its' eiiicien't o eration, but it will not be necessary to ilustrate such parts in` this application, as they have been described fully, in other applica-I lt-ions for patents.`

The operation. is as follows: A's the drive shaft 12 rotates it carries one'of the rings 20 with it and theinclined race 21 bywhich said'ring is guided compels said 'ring to travel in,-an incl/ined plane relatively tothe shaft, thus bringing the outer ends ofthe connecting rods alternatelynearer to and farther away from the corresponding barrel.

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The pistons are thus caused to reciprocate, I

in the barrel and a suitable liquid,.such as oil, contained in tlie'eylinders .and in the passages of the mid-plate, is caused t'o cir-- calate through said passages froinoeI barrel to the other. Thus pist-ons which'aie n iovtoward the mid-plate force the oil into i 'eIi-Iinders of the barrel on the other side of the midplate and through this pumping action o the driving istons the cylinder barrel on the driven si e of the machine is Acaused to rotate and this rotation is transinitted to the ring 2 0 on that side ofthe machine and to the driven shaft 13.

It will be understood that I do not .in this application make any claim t-o the particular variable speed gear above described which -has been explained only'to give an illu st ra tion of a practical'application of my present invention.

' pi e barrels 15 and 16. The contact surfaces are j preferably annular, as shown in Figs. 2, 3

and 5, being formed as ring-shaped ribs on. the barrels and on the mid-plate. Two

forces are operative at said contact surfaces,

the width of which is indicated as Z in Figs. Q and 3. VOne of these forces, which is due to the fact that the ports 15b 16b of the cylinders are reduced as compared with the main portion of the cylinder, tends to press the two surfaces into better contact; the l other force, due to the pressure of the liquid escaping between the contact surfaces, tends to force such surfaces apart. The separat ing act-ion is due to the hn of liquid escaping between the mid-plate and barrel; owing to the. well-known tact that pressure on a body of liquid at one point istransmrtted unaltered to all portions thereof, the resultant of the separating forces varies but little in position, as indicated by the short distance between the arrows C, C in Fig. 4. Un the other hand, the forces tending to bring the barrel toward the mid-plate arerepresentcd by the pressure of the oil against the reduced cylinder ends (15") in those cylinders which at that time register with the pressure port (14). If only two cylinder-.ports corny l crease the area ofthe contact surfaces adja cent to the central portions of the mid-'plate mnnicate with the mid-plate port, the resultant of the pressure exerted by the two corresponding pistonswill beat about the center of va line connecting the centers or axes of the two pistons; when however three cylinder ports connnunicate with the mid-v plate port, the resultant ofthe Jressures will be substantially at the center ol gravity (intersection of medians) of the triangle formed by the ointfs ind-ating the axes of the three cylin ers. Obviously', in .the latter case, the resultant nearer to the center of the barrel (.axis of rotation) than when only two cylinders are in registry with -the -mid-plate port. The oints 'at which the resultants of these two orces take effect are not constant, but-travel within certainlimits as the cylinder ports come into and out of registry with the mid-plate passages. For instance, the resnltantof the forces tending to bring the contact surfaces together. may be atthe point A at the time that the resultant ofthe forces tending to separate the barrel from themid-plate is at the point C; at another time the resultant of the forces tending to separate may shift to the oint CA andthe resultant of the forces ten ing tol ress the barrel toward themid platemay tothe point B.

D indicates the fulerum whereon the bar rel would tend to swing away from the midsanare a plate, causing the two elements to separate` at the point G or elsewhere so as to allow a `Inaterial and' objectionable leakage to take place. The center of pressure tending to force the elements together would not only sometimes he above-the plane 4 4, indicated in Fig. 3 and sometimes below it, but would also move toward and away from the fulcrmn D to points such as A and B. The forces applied at A or B on one side and at C or C on the other side were approx- 1 imately equal, therefore when the center of resultant pressure was at A, the distance -i-D being greater than the distance C-I), the product-fof the force applied at A mul` tipliedby the arm A-l) tending to close the joint at G, was greater than the product of the force applied at C multiplied by the arm C-D tending to open said joint, butI when the center of rcsultant pressure moved to B, the arm B-D being shorter than the arm C-I), there was a preponderance of pressure tending to open the joint at (l. A

In order to create a condition such that 1 the arm C-D or C-D should never be longer than the arm A-D or BMD, there might be adopted any method of increasing' the area of the field of low pressure created between the contiguous faces of the rotary barreland the valve plate 14 in the neigh* borhood of the points L or M of Fig. 3, or

any method of decreasing `the area of the high pressure field in the neighborhood of the points H, K', H', or K, thatis, I might inor valve plate passages, or I mightdecrcase the area of such contact surfaces adjacent to the ends ofV the valve plate assages, `or rather between the ends of said passages.

.The latter. course is preferred and a convement method of carrymg itout 1s to reduce the widthV of the lands Z or contact surfaces locally, 'that is to say only between the; adjacent ends of the valve plate passages, such local reduction being, 1f desired. additional to a reduction of the effective widthv of the lands Z 'throughout their entire circumference.l This reduction throughout the circumference of the lands may be 'produced by providing contact surfaces in the form of a raised annular' :belt of equal radial width in vboth the rotaryl barrel and thc stationary valve plate, the ports or passages in both of these elements'openmg out at this surface of mutual contact.

In Fig. 2 I haveshown the reduction of the width of the land on the -valve plate at the outer margin only, betweeneach pair of adjacent ends of the valve plate passages. This reduction is made by means of arcs K--K struck'from the centers 0.-0 `rcspectively. VIn the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which a greater distance intervenes between the ends of the passages c les - the rotary barrels. I may of course emplov jointly the two expedients above mentioned, that is a'n increase of the etl'ectivc width of the lands adjacent to the central plane -ll and a reduction of the effective. width of the'lands near`the ends of the valve plate passages In the practical carrying out of this feature of my invention, the lands would tirst be made trulv annularas shown by dotted lines in Fivs. 2 'and 3 and then successive trial cuts would be made from the centers Oand O until a satisfactory result is obtained, that is until the pressures are properly balanced.

In the form of my invention illustrated b v Figs. 5, (i and T I have illustrated an arrangement by which a delicate adjustment of pressures maybe obtained so that notwith-v standing varyingconditions the pressures may be perfectly balanced and I also by this form of my invention avoid the necessity for making trial cuts as described with reference totlieti1stforrn of my invention. However, I desire it to be understood that the adjustable feature shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 may be combined with the reduction or increase of lands described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. In Figs. 5. (i and 7 I have as-v sumed the'lands to be of uniform radial width. but this, as just explained, 1s not neccssary, as the lands might be increased in width adjacent to the centers of the valve.

plate passages. or reducedl in width near the ends of said passages, or both. As will be seen in Fig. the contact surface of the valve plate 1s provided exteriorly of the passages 14, 14 with recesses 14" of seglncntalform, said recesses being longer than the passages, but still separated from each other by what may be termed bridges, 14d. ,sach of these recesses is connected with a small channel 14?. which` leads to an opening 14f', each of which is controlled'by a valve 24 and opens into the interior of the casing 11.. Any oil leaking from the passages 1la or 14eb will pass partly inward, but chiefly outward, both on account of the greater surface and owing to centrifugal action due. to the rotation of the barrels. This oil will cross' the ridges 14'; from the passages 14, 14" to the recesses 14 and will thus reach said recesses. 'From the recesses the oil will pass out through the channels 14e to the openings 14f. Now it will be obvious that as the valves24 are opened more channels 14e thus adjust in a very accurate way the amount of pressure tending to separate the rotary barrels from the valve plate 14. Should conditions change during the operation of the machine. la mere turning otl the valves 24 which are readily accessible from the outside, will be sufficient to adjust the machine to the new conditions. Furthermore, the machine can be constructed complete at the factory and the user can make the necessary adjustments himself.

vI claim as my invention:

l. In a pressure device, the combination ofl two elements in contact with each other along two surfaces and provided with ports or passages adapted to contain a fluid under pressure -and leading to said surfacesythe net engaged width varying at 4diii'erent points of said surfaces,l and the width of'the contact surface being reduced at points 'of relatively great net engaged width.

2. In a. pressure device,the. combination of two elements in contact with each other alongtwo surfaces and provided with ports or passages adapted to contain a fluid under pressure and leading to said surfaces, the net engaged width varying at different points of said surfaces, and the ,width of the contact surface being increased at pointsof relatively small net engagedl width.

3. In a pressure device, the combination of a stationary elementand a rotary element. in contact with each other along two annu- .lar surfaces and provided with orts or passages adapted to contain a flui under pressure and leading to said surfaces, the width of the contact surface being reduced adjacent to the ends of the passages of the stationary element.

4. In a pressure device, the combination of a stationary element antLa rotary element ili contact with each other along two annular surfaces and provided withports or passages adapted to contain a tluid under pressure and leading to said surfaces, the width of the contact surface being reduced adjacent to the ends of the passages of the stationary element.

5. In a pressure device, the combination of two elements in contact with each other along twosurfaces andprgvided with ports or passages adapted tdcontain a Huid under pressure and leading to said surfaces, one vof said elements having a recess or chamber in its contact surface to receive leakage, and a regulatable device for adjustably governing the egress of leakage from `said chamber.

Y 6. In a 'pressure device, the combination of two elements in Contact with each other along twosurfaces and provided with ports or passages adapted to contain a Huid under pressure and leading to said surfaces, one of or less, the resistance to the escape of the oil fsaid elements having a recess or chamber in from the chambers or recess 14 through the its contactfsurface to receive leakage, and

lo age, and regulatable devices for adjnstably 4: emma an adjustable valve controlling an outlet governing the egress of leakage from said from said chamber. chambers.

7 With a pressure device, the combina.- In testimony whereof I have hereunto Set tion of a stationary element and a rotary elemy hand in the presence of two subscribing mentiin contact with each other along two l witnesses. o

surfaces and rovided with orts or assages leading tg said surfaces, the statioliiu'y REYNOLD JANNEY element being also provided, exteriorl of l'Vitnesses: its passages, with chambers to receive eak- WM. CLARK, Y

H. l). JAMESON.

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