US949305A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

H. G. REIST.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 27, 1905.

Patented Feb.1 5, 1910.

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Henry G. fife/st gwf won/55555: we 6. Z/

macaw 5 swam co Pnmoumccawmias,wnsnmmw n c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY G. REIST, OF SCHENECTADY, NEVJ YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY G. Rms'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates generally to the construction and arrangement of elec trical apparatus, and more particularly to the construction and arrangement of the cores and windings thereon of the rotating members of dynamo-electric machines.

Some of the features of my invention are peculiarly adapted for use in the rotating field magnets of high speed alternating-cur rent generators such as are now coming into general use for operation in conjunction with steam turbines, and all the features of my invention are capable of use in such a construction.

The massive construction employed and the high peripheral speeds developed with turbo-alternators for instance, render necessary precautions in designing, and the employment of features of construction not heretofore found necessary. \Vith such high speeds not only is it necessary to guard against a direct rupture of material by the centrifugal stresses developed in operation, but it is essential that there shall be no deformation of the parts owing to the very serious unbalancing action resulting at the speeds employed.

The object of my invention is generally to improve the construction of dynamo-electric machines, and more particularly to modify and improve the construction of machines such as alternatingcurrent generators intended for operation at relative high speeds.

In carrying out my invention I have devised constructions which are mechanically simple and strong, are readily assembled, in which parts injured may be easily replaced, and in which any unbalancing due to a deformation of the flexible parts of the apparatus, such as the windings, is rendered practically impossible at the highest speeds of operation which the strength of materials employed in the general structure of the apparatus will permit of.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 27, 1905.

Patented Feb. 15, 1910. Serial No. 284,647.

with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of my invention, however, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described forms in which my invention may be embodied.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is an end elevation with parts broken away and in section of the internal revolving field magnet of an alternating-current generator; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on the line 22 of Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 are perspective views illustrating details of construction; Fig. 5 is a view in a larger scale generally similar to Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a developed plan view with parts broken away and in section of a portion of the alternator showing the arrangement of the retaining devices for the ends of the windings; Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a modified construction; anc. Fig. 8 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 1 and showing a portion of the modified construction of Fig. 7.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents an internal revolving smooth core field magnet, the shaft 2 of which may be either horizontal or vertical, but is ordinarily connected directly to and in alinement with the shaft of a vertical shaft steam turbine. On the shaft 2 is mounted a spider comprising a hub portion 3 having arms at. The outer ends of the arms a are machined to be truly cylindrical and support a core bOdy 5 which may be laminated. The core body 5, preferably cylindrical in outline, is shown as built up of annular sections 6, adjacent sections being separated by spacers of any suit able form, to provide radially extending ventilating passages 7. Each section 6 is formed of segmental laminae which have holes 9 punched in them. The segments of adjacent sections are arranged so as to break joints in the usual way, as clearly indicated by the full and dotted radial lines in the left-hand portion of Fig. 1. In assembling the laminae they are first compressed in some suitable manner about the ends of the arms 4, after which the holes 9 are reamed to bring the holes in adjacent laminae into accurate register. The laminae are then fastened together by rivets or bolts 10, passing through some of the holes 9. Other bolts or rivets 11 passing through other holes 9 are I The thin edge of one wedge 25 is split to employed to clamp the sections 6 between end members 18.

In the construction shown in Fig. 2, the left hand end of the field magnet is intended to be the lower end when the field magnet is vertical, and the end member 13 there shown is provided with a shoulder 14 which engages against a shoulder 15 formed at the ends of the spider arms. Each lamina is formed with a plurality of keyways or slots 16 for receiving keys 17 of any suitable shape which may be carried integrally or detachably by the ends of the arms 4.

lVith the method of assembling illustrated in Fig. 1, in order to make the laminae truly interchangeable there are twice as many keyways 16 formed in one layer of the laminae as there are keys in the spider arms. Undercut slots 18 are formed in the outer periphery of the body formed by the assembled units or sections 6. These slots extend parallel to the axis of rotation, and for convenience and simplicity in forming and assembling the laminae the slots 18 are preferably equally spaced about the core body. Each slot receives a plurality of blocks, sections, or units 19, 20, or 21. Each row of blocks or units in a slot unites to form a rib projecting from the surface of the core body. Each of these units which are shown of a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the sections 6, are preferably formed of laminae secured together by rivets 22. In the particular construction illustrated in the drawings, each of the four po lar portions of the field magnet comprises a central polar portion formed of three sets of the units 21 which are similar and are arranged so that the ends of the laminae composing the units in the adjacent plane abut against each other. At each edge of the portion of each pole formed by the units 21 are placed one set of units 20. The sides of the unit 20 adjacent the units 21 are similar to those of the latter. The other sides of the unit 20 and the sides of the units 19 are cut away to form coil or winding-receiving spaces or slots 23 and horns or shoulders 28.

In the particular construction illustrated, each polarportion comprises a central portion formed of three sets of units 21 and two sets of units 20 and two side portions each composed of three sets of units 19. The units forming the polar portions are usually all of magnetic material. One set of units 19 placed midway between each adjacent po lar portion forms no part of the magnetic core proper and may be made of non-magnetic material. Each unit is provided with an undercut tenon 2 1 which enters the corresponding slot 18 and has formed in its inner end a wedge receiving slot 24: To secure or fasten each unitin place a pair of re- .versely tapered wedges 25 are employed.

form prongs 25 which are spread apart after the unit is assembled. The wedges 25 press the units radially outward and lock them rigidly in place regardless of any slight irregularities in the punchings. By spreading the prongs 25, the wedges are locked securely in place and cannot work loose.

The windings for each pole in the construction illustrated, comprise four coils 26, 27, 28 and 29. As shown, these coils, which are preferably formed preparatory to assembling, are arranged one within the other. The inner coil 26 has its sides between the slots 18 receiving the sets of units 20 and the adjacent sets of units 19. The sides of the windings of the other coils are between the slots receiving adjacent sets of units 19. The coils may be formed and insulated in any suitable manner. In the construction shown, each coil is formed of an edgewise bent strap or conductor 30.

It will be observed that the coils are all enough longer than the core so that a space exists between the inner surfaces of the ends and the adjacent surface of the core somewhat greater than, or at least equal to, the thickness of the units forming the core ribs. In assembling, some or all of the units are inserted in the appropriate slots 18 and locked in place one at a time, after the windings are put in place about the periphery of the core body. After assembling the units or blocks the coils are forced rigidly inward against the periphery of the units or sections 6 by means of wedges 31 and 32 which may be in general similar to the wedges 25. The thin edge of each wedge 31 is split to form prongs 33 which are spread apart to lock each pair of wedges 31 and 32 in place. As is clearly shown in the drawings, these wedges are of substantially the same length as the wedges 25.

The end members 13 of which only one is shown may be substantially identical, comprising each a radial portion 3a which bears against the end of the laminated body of the field magnet, a cylindrical portion 35 at the end of which, remote from the laminated body of the core is a radial portion 36, the outer diameter of which is substantially equal to that of the field magnet proper.

In the particular construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, two rings 37 are shrunk about the cylindrical portion 85 of each end member. These rings which are intended to reinforce the end members, are formed of some material having tensile strength such as forged steel. The inner surfaces of the ends of the coils rest against the outer surfaces of the rings 37. In this construction, one set of parallel ends of the coils 26 and 27 rest against the outer surare coils.

faces of one ring 37. The similar ends of the coils 28 and 29 rest against the outer surfaces of the other ring. The ends of the windings are clamped against the outer surfaces of the rings by means of curved members 38 and 39 formed of some material of suitable strength, such as wrought steel, and bolts 40. The bolts 40, the heads of which bear against the inner surfaces of the cylindrical portions 35 of the end members pass between the rings 87 and the ends of the windings, and are screwed into threaded openings formed to receive them in the members 38 and 39. As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, each member 39 engages a portion of the windings for two adjacent polar portions of the field magnets, and the members 38 each engage the central portion of the ends of the windings for a single pole. The clearance between the flange and the shaft is great enough to allow of the ready insertion of the bolts 40.

The construction described possesses features of simplicity and strength which render it highly advantageous in practice. By the employment of rings 37 instead of relying upon an increased thickness of portion 35 of the end member, the construction is improved not only on account of the increase in strength obtained by the use in the rings of better material than would be practicable in the body of the end members but the machine work in properly forming the holes for the bolts 40 is reduced. The smooth cylindrical field magnet when in operation generates an air circulation through the ventilating ducts 7 and the radially extending spaces 7 between adjacent blocks or units in the same row amply suflicient to cool not only itself but the surrounding armature. At the same time the generators do not produce an annoying, unnecessary and noisy windage.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8 as many separate reinforcing rings 41 are provided as there are coils for each polar portion. Similarly there are as many curved retaining members 42, 43, 44, 45 as there Each of these members extends over substantially the arc corresponding to one polar portion. By thus dividing the members engaging the outer surfaces of the ends of the coils it is possible to very securely clamp the coils in place. The ends of each of the three inner members extend over a portion of the longitudinally extending portion of the coils of more than one coil, but the flexibility of the coils and the members in the direct-ion of their length is such that, practically speaking, each coil can be clamped separately against its support. By forming the members with interlocking tongues 46 as shown, the spaces between the reinforcing rings through which the bolts pass is materially decreased.

IVhile in compliance with the requirements of the statutes I have described and illustrated the best forms of my invention now known to me, I do not wish the claims hereinafter made to be limited to the particular constructions illustrated, more than is made necessary by the state of the art, as itis apparent many changes can be made in the form of my invention without departing from its spirit.

hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

1. In combination, a core body, a set of blocks or units arranged in a row thereon so as to form an elongated tooth or rib, and separate means for locking each block to the body against axial movement.

2. In combination, a laminated core body, a set of blocks or units arranged thereon in a row so as to form an elongated tooth or rib, and separate means for locking each unit against axial movement.

3. In combination, a core provided with ribs, each comprising a plurality of blocks, and means for locking each of said blocks to the body against axial movement, independently of the other blocks.

4. In combination, a core provided with ribs, each comprising a plurality of blocks, and means for locking said blocks to the body, said means comprising separate wedging devices for each block.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body having under-cut slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis of rotation, ribs or project-ions entering each of said slots, some of said ribs abutting against adjacent ribs, and others of said ribs being separated from adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

6. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body, ribs, means for securing said ribs to the core body so that they extend parallel to the axis of rotation, some of said ribs engaging each other to form a substantially solid portion, and others of said ribs being separated from adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

7. In a rotating field magnet, a cylindrical core body having grooves or slots formed in its periphery and extending parallel to the axis of rotation, said grooves or slots being placed equally apart about the periphery of said body, ribs or projections of magnetic material entering said slots, some of said ribs engaging each other to form a substantially solid portion, and others of said ribs being separated from adjacent ribs by coil receiving spaces.

8. In a rotating field magnet, a cylindrical laminated core body having grooves or slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to its axis of rotation, said grooves or slots being equally placed apart about the periphery of the body, ribs formed of laminae secured in said grooves or slots, the sides of some adjacent ribs being radial and abutting against each other, others of said ribs being separated to form coil or winding receiving spaces.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating core body having under cut slots or grooves formed in its periphery and extend ing parallel to the axis of rotation, said slots being equally spaced about the periphery of. sald body, a I'll) or projection for each of said slots, each rib having a tenon entering the corresponding slot, some of said ribs abutting against adjacent ribs, and others of said ribs being separated from the adjacent ribs by coil receivingspaces.

10. In combination, a cylindrical body having under-cut slots or grooves formed in its periphery and extending parallel to its axis, coils, the sides of which are located between adjacent slots, and a plurality of blocks provided with under-cut extensions, the extensions of a plurality of blocks extending into each of said slots, and separate means for locking each of saidblocks in place.

11. In a dynamo electric machine, a core body portion of laminated material, formed coils or windings engaging the periphery of said body, and ribs secured to said body and serving to hold the coils in place, said ribs being formed of sections, each section being formed of lamlnze riveted together.

12. In combination, a cylindrical core or.

body having under-cut slots formed in its periphery extendlng parallel to its axis,

coils, the sides of which are located between adjacent slots, said coils being longer than the body measured in a direction parallel to the axis, and blocks formed of laminae secured together and proportioned so that each block may be passed between the inner side of the end of the coil which it engages and the adjacent end of the body and moved longitudinally into its slot.

13. In a rotating field. magnet, a laminated body having under-cut slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis of rotation, coils engaging the periphery of said body, the sides of said coils being located between adjacent slots, said coils being longer than the body in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation, and blocks formed of laminae secured together and proportionedeach block in place, windings between the blocks. in adjacent slots, and wedging devices engaging said blocks and their windings to hold the latter in place.

15. In the rotating member of a dynamo electric machine, a core body having slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis of rotation, a plurality of blocks or units entering each slot, separate means for locking each block in place, windings between the blocks in adjacent slots, and securing devices engaging the blocks and the windings to lock the latter in place, each securing device engaging only one block in each slot.

16. In a dynamo-electric machine, in combination with a rotating core member, of windings projecting beyond the end of the core, an external support for the projecting ends comprising members, an internal support for the ends in the form of a flange projecting axially from said core and having a reinforcing forged metal ring shrunk upon said flange and bolts, the heads of which engage said flange and the other ends of which are screwed into said members comprising said external support.

17. In combination, a core of magnetic material, windings thereon, retaining devices for the windings, said retaining devices being arranged in rows, and separate means for locking each retaining device to the core, against axial movement.

18. In the rotating part of a dynamo electric machine, a core body, an end member, windings, supports against which the inner edges of the ends of the windings rest comprising reinforcing rings on the end member, a member engaging the outer surface of the ends of said windings, and bolts passing between said reinforcing rings, said bolts engaging said end member and said member which engages the outer surface of the ends of said windings.

19. In a dynamo electric machine, a core body, an end member provided with a flange secured to the core body, a winding on said core body the end of which extends over said flange, a member engaging the outer surface of the end of said winding, and bolts the heads of which engage the inner surface of said flange the other ends of which are screwed into said member.

20. In a dynamo electric machine, a shaft, a core body carried thereby, an end member having a flange secured to the core body, windings on said core body the ends of which extend over said flange, a member engaging the outer edges of. the ends of said windings, and bolts the heads of which engage the inner surface of said flange and the other ends of which are screwed into said member, suitable clearance being provided between the shaft and the flange to permit the insertion of the bolts after the core and end member are assembled on the shaft. 1

21. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with the core and windings of the rotating member, of an end member provided with a cylindrical portion, reinforcing rings engaging said cylindrical portion and againstwhich the ends of the windings rest, a member engaging the outer surface of the ends of said windings, and bolts passing between the ends of said windings,

said bolts engaging said cylindrical portion and said member engaging the outer surface of the ends of said windings.

In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with the core and windings of the rotating member, of an end member, reinforcing rings, shrunk upon said end member, said ring forming an internal support in an axial direction for the ends of the windings, members engaging the outer surface of the ends of said windings and bolts passing between said reinforcing rings, the heads of said bolts engaging said end member and the other ends of which are screwed into said members which engage the outer surface of the ends of said windings.

In combination, a core body, an elongated tooth or rib formed of a set of blocks or units secured in a row thereon, adjacent blocks or units being separated to form ventilating spaces, and means for securing each of said blocks against axial movement independently of the other blocks.

24. In combination, a core body formed with ventilating spaces, a set of blocks or units secured on the body in a row, adjacent blocks or units being separated from each other to form ventilating spaces communicating with the spaces in the core body, and means for securing each of said blocks against axial movement independently of the other blocks.

25. In combination, a cylindrical core body formed with radially extending ventilating openings or passages, a set of blocks or units secured to said core body to form a row extending parallel to the axis of the body, said blocks or units being separated to form radially extending ventilating passages or spaces which are in alinement with those in said core body, and means for securing each of said blocks against axial movement independently of the other blocks.

26. In the rotating member of a dynamoelectric machine, a core body having slots formed in its periphery extending parallel to the axis of rotation, a plurality of blocks entering each slot, windings between the blocks in adjacent slots, separate wedges for locking said blocks in position independently of each other, and separate wedges between said windings and each of said blocks to lock the windings in place.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set 5 my hand this 26th day of October 1905.

HENRY G. REIST. Witnesses BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

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