US948599A - Apparatus for electrostatic-magnetic separation. - Google Patents

Description

H. M. SUTTON a. w. l.. a: l.. u STEELE.

Manus ron nwc'rnos'rmo nonno ssrnmol. APPLIOAIIOI FILED DIO. 21,1808.

948,599. Panq nu 8,1910.

l IlllIl-IIIBT l.

` n. u. surtou a w. L. a n. a. s'rnnLn." Arrnnus lrml nnno'rnosu'rw olmo 'mxu'nom Arruonxol rmx nun. n. um. 948,599. A `immuun! ren s. 1910.

I IllllI-llll l.

INVENmRs,

Ema fait, Ida/Lm www n.11. s'U'r'roN a w. L. a' n. e. STEELE# PPBITUB FOB BLECTBOBTLTIO IAGNBTIO SEPARATION.

LPPLIOHQI NLBD DBO. 37. 100|.

mennen Feb. s, 1910.

m W m E F W m l u citiaen'a of the United Stat 'Tocllailesait UNiTE STA'rp'rENT OFFICE.

mf l. mi, WALT L. m EDWIN G. STEEL; 0r DALLAS, TEXAS.

i mmm m mll'xnlll'n? BIPABAIIOI.

Alocalisation et lettera Pateat Patented Feb. 8, 19.10.

mtl lied Mlist l?, 1.. .arial le. 84....

concern: Be it known tliat'we, Hzicar M. Sums, Wanrll L. and Enwiu G. Smm., residing at Dallas, in the county of Dal as, State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus t'orv Electrosta ic-Magnetic Separation, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to an apparatus for separating the particles of'ja mass, or thc componuita of a nijxture and for separately collecting the separated particlea, and the invention consista in providing means for delivering thel rticles from t e mass in a thin t sheetlike form, and means 1 for subjectingv the particles to the action of eld into or through which is l i moana for electrically releasing I In l pannaeii electrostatic charge or convectiv current. l

The invention further consists in providcertain o the rticles from their ailiociation with others uring the operation or separation.

'llie invention also consists in providing means for var ing or regulating the action or condition o the magnetic tiel I The invention also consista in providing means for varying or regulating thc condition, charact static wlivta-.tivc'curirnt during the proeem of separation.

The invention nlso consists in providing means for varying, rc 'uluting or changing either the magnetic lic d or the electro stntic charge before the prmwn of iaipnrntion in order to adapt tho nppurntim to the trentlnent of unitcl'inls the clwtricul und 'niagnetic churnctci'iiitim of l. which arc well known.

The a iparatus herein diseloruul is nlso ada ed y nnitahlc incanti to prtalucc viiried con itious of the stutic charge or convective current .in its wave forin ne illuatrntcd hy dia ins hereinafter to bc described.

ther aud further objects and iidvuntn es of the invention will beset forth in thc (cscription, und the novel features of thc invention will lxiJini-ticiilnily pointed out in the claims.

ln the druwingsz-lt'i ure l is n diugrumnintic mprciwntntion ofthe appnrntus und its various conimstions nml controlling dcviccs shown in operative relation to the principnl' elemento;v Fig. 2 is u sido clevuand notion of the electro-l tion of an interrupter shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 8, 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating in a conventional manner the different wave forms of tin electro stutic convective cui'- rent which maybe produced by particular arrangements of ccrtuin elements olf the npparatus. Fig. 7 is a niodilicd construction of the fpiirts involved in the electrical rclease o thc pnrticles during thc o icrntion of the uppiii'ntus; Fig. 8 is un end e evution of the parts shown iii Fig. 7: Fig. 9 is n front'elevation .of the principal elements of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 with n modiication of thc intcrruptcr therein shown; Fig. 10 is sn edge vicw of the interi-opter shown .in Fig. t); Fig. l1 is un enlarged de tail of a portion of the iiiterrupter shown in Figs. 9 and 10; Fig. 12 is u diagram of one wave form produced by the interi-opter shown in Fi t); Fi 13 is n modified nrran nient.- o the principnl elenientsof the mac inc from that -illustrntcd in Fig. 7. Fig. 14 is a side clcvntion of thc princi .iil elements shown in Fig. 13 with n ni iiication of the depolarizin shield shown in the latter figure; Fig. -15 i lustrntes the sul stitution of a round electrode for the pointed electrode shown in the other figures of the drawin Fig. 16 is the wave-form produced b t. e principal elements illustrated in i"ig. 5; Fig. 17 is a sido eleviition of the principal elements of the machine shown in `ig. 1 with en inter l rotntuble dcpolii'rincr or electrical reeascr which is stilistituted for othei forms of suoli elements illustratcd in the other tigurcs of the drawings,

and Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic rc'preiantntion of thc intcrrupter shown iu Fig. 15.

Like numerals indicate like severnl figures of tho driiwin purts in thc.

In the vnrious ti uren of tir: drawings, 1

2 represents un ndjncciit electrode, which in this instunce is a cyliui'lermounted for rotation hy means of the belt pulley 3 (Fi The beni-ings for suid jouriiuls ure pole pieces 5 of n puir of magnets (i which nrc supported in n cross bnr 'I upon a fixed portion or portions 8 of the framework of the eppoi-utils. 'lhe uicnns mi connection und 1 onv v 9) ntlixed to one of the-journnls 4 theroo .l l

support ut' said lair T cianprises insulating sleeves ti and washers ttl tlirongli which securing liolts ll ure passed. .\t approxi.

nnttely the center ol' thc lair i a third mitg.

'15 iilipitrhted into its various particles. lleneitth the hopper is ii shaker pini t7 which is oscillated hy means et the connecting rod 18 and eccentric tti which is driven in any anitahle manner from any nioviihle part of the ap nirntus. 'lliis sha er pitn performs the iniiry well known function of gradually transferring portions of the intim from the hopper to the electrode 2.'

At the front of the hopper there. is itiljnstidily iniaiiitied a shield 20 which is nitide of dielectric ,iuateriah such as hard ruhher. The lower edge ot this shield is pointed and extends parallel with and slightly ahove griictically the entire length of the electrode 2l is another similar shield pivotally mounted in a pirated iiriii 22 which -is also pivotally connected with niiotlier arm .23 pirotally supported in the hracket 4 attached tu any tixeil portion oi' the framework of the up niritttts. 'lhis pivotal stipport of the shie il 2l is for the purposw of rendering it adjustable with relation to the nut iett) and the electrode .t. Any'otlier we I known ineiins of yadjui-itiihle support may he used. 'llie shields 25'. 2n and .'i' nce of similar nniteriiil aiiil similarly mounted for the purpose of adjustment aliil liiive as imc oftlieir functions the conducting ot particles t0 lttiptitnte conipnittnenta 28, 29. tltl aiiil 2li. lit hereinafter to he described. 'llie shield 25 dicrs front the remaining shields in this respect that its entire tipper surface with the exception of the rear edge near the pointed und of tho sinne. ia covered hy a iiietiillic ot other elect rieiil coniliicting plate :l2 which ia eonliected to ground hy the wire 33. With those principal eleinesita of the apparatus in view the sotiree of energy and 'the various connections between the sinne will now he 53 described.

V'llieiiouree of energy for the magnets conipritias it dynamo 34 provided with a douhle throw switch 35 for the purpose ot reversing the current from the dynamo to the inagnt. Tite Miatitnce :iti is connected with the dynamo for the purpoae of regulating the iitreligth of current supplied to the niag neta. The switch and resistance may he connocted in any suitable manner ini they perforni their welt known functions. Iii this is arranged ali itlyL instance. lines 37 and 3H extend from ono lirushof the drnamo to the terminalsl :la and -ltl of the don le switch, while another line -tl extends to terminals 42 aiiil t3 ot' the switch. A The' resistance is connected with 7o the tield magnets hy lines 44 aiiil 4I. As tlnui fitr described it will-he seen that a curretit of any desired strength inayhe imparted to the poles of the nuignets. ainl thuscstiililiali a niiignetiu tleld extending from the pole lli to the electrode 2, anil ,that said current may he reversed hy o icrating the ilonhle switch. 'lhis reversal o) the magnetic tlelil or direction of the inagtietic flux through aA f siecilied class of particles relative to thc 30 e cetro static tlux theretln-oiigh is important.' When a piirticle which is susceptible to niagiietie action is polarized in iletiiiite directions. such piirticle han a plintl and :i minus pole. 'lhe electro static chargcd'rom the 85 points iinpinging upon the particles gives n plus and a minus polarity. lint this latter consists of static charges upon the surfaces of the particles. ln the treatment of some classes ot' material it is prefcrahlc that these 9c plus and minus nnignetic polesl should eoiiieiile with the plus aiiil minus static charges on` the surfaces of tlic particles as in this inittiner the attrtictive force ul' the pitt'ticlea for the electriule would he increa.-cd over 9:, what it woiilil he it' either force were acting nloiie. lt nia' v also lie tlesiralilc to reverse this coiiilitioii and have the nu'tgnetic force working in opposition to the static discharge so that the tiiiignetic poles inthe particles would lie reverse to those of the static poles. All of this depends upon tlie class of treatment cci-tain kinds of ores or manpiaiudsinay require when there are other particles in thc naiss from which it is not niaawiiirv `er dcsirahle to iiiiike a wparation. lu the treat-l ment of' .voute complex orcs to concentrate tlicni for prolitalile smelling it is not always. necessary to se aiiate cach constituent rf the mass hut1 incre ,v those that are detrimental 110 to smelling. 'llie reversing ul`l the magnetic poles wiittlil not u|iptecinlil lessen the ntf traction of tliitt lclincof pntticlesgtliat are highly siisceptihle to magnetic action and have no appt'eciahledielect ric capacity. while 115 it would all'cct particles that would lie equally"susia'ptilile to lioth fortes. i

.46 represents au electro static generator -for the Apnrpoi-:e of su iplying energy to the pointeil elect-riale l. tis to lie iinilerstisid, ot' course. that any usual source ol' energy may lie employed. v

4 7 is an intet'ritpter or pole changer which is arranged to hisect the connection or conductor wires extending from the source of energy to the electrode l. Any suitiihle pole changer or interrupt'cr may hc einployed in lieti of that herein shown and described. 'llic ititerriipter 4T, shown in Fig. l con'siats ot' two disks 4:4 and ttl mounted 3.33

l l l giving either :i direct oiint'erruptial char 'e or eoni'i-eiiw current and for inialilying the polaritiesof .said cui-rent so as to siihjeet iiuiterinl of a charia-ter refpiiriiig siii-h treatuieut to aV current lowing pohiiiities of au equal intensity. and that hv the use of the interruptor the duration ol' the active and inactive periods of the current may he varied. und that h v a change in the foi-ni of the terminals of the lines at the interruptor a continuous or a series of disruptive discharge or charge iiuiy he applied to the ter liiiiial. These nualilirations in the character of the charge or convective eiireiit eniployed toact upon thc material- :irc eonveiitioi'ially illustrated iii l`igs. 3 and ti. I'ho alternating charge. the wave of which is illustrated in l"i 3 is pi'mlueed hy using the disks adjustei to provide an opening or a series of openings for the passage of the charge at the instant au opening is oppositl the terminals ol' either the or eoialuctiug wire. whereby hiking the iiiie w t|"ig. 3) to he zero potential. there is a sudden rise to full potential. the corners u li of the aai'e lieiiig slightly rounded. lhe'high potential heiug uniintaiiied along said line o l. and so upon the side the suine inai|i tenanee is assured. aiul there is a sudden. positive and direct risc aud fall of potential to zero lietii'ecii ein-h line of maintenance of potential. 'l'he suddenness of the rise aiul fall ol' potential is ereautial to the successful olaration ol' the apparatus. 'lhe curvature ol the wave nt u b is u mattei' which can lie in a measure controlled liv detei'iiiiliiiig tho formation ot' the terminals ol' the wires at the disks of the interruptor.l 'lien the terminal is pointed ns at hi' on the liuc lil a continuons liriish like convective current is delit'eied und h v reason of the advancing cial ot' the slot in the interruptor reaching into tlie outer portion of this hi'ush like discharge the corner u is more rounded than when receiving thi current at the disksl from a i'oiiiiil tei'iiiiiial lilac-that shown in Fi r. 2. and the niaiiilenaiiee ot' the polarity a ong the line n--li is followed li a practical drop for a short distance and tli'en a gradual iipproneh to zero. as shown hy the dotted line f iii, Fig. 3l so that hut a fria-tion ofthe wave is utilized. 'llue sinne action takes place npoii the side of tho'zcro line.

A charge having the wave line shown in Fig. 4. that is iin interrupted charge which is i'nodnced by opening the switch 73 thereby preventing the paaaagl of thc to the electrode l lint conducting to ground at tis, the will pass through the opening in the disk hy line o2, 63 to the electrode 1 fioni thence to thc electrode Q'and to the ground. ln this instance, as in the others the rise of potential is sudden and the maintenance of potential froni ..to b is secured.

Taking ii char 4. hy closing switch 73, Il

switch Tt being ett open conducta ii cliiirge to the interi-opter und thence by hue .63 tothe eleetrixle l and from thence to may he varied as in icated by dotted linea` g in siiid l`ig. i. I

'llic forni of compound wave shown in Fig. ti i'nay he produced by the following connections. The switch 78 is closed thus sliiiiiting the 4- `charge around the interrapter. 'lhc'switi-.h 79 is lcftopcn and the switch 73 closed thas taking the through the interrupter to the line 63 and thence to the electrode l producing what inay be ti-rined a pulsating charge or convective ciirrent at and through the electrode 1 the interrupted current inipulsing at d d and inactiva at e e. 'l'hc electrode il may either be grounded or conniafted hack to the generator as hereinhefore describen.

lt now reiiuiins to describe the functions and operation of the dielectric shields Jineent in the u ipartaus. lt is extremely eail'- nlilo lo facilitato the arrilllgelliciit 0f the pal'- tielesiis-they full from the shaker pan to the electrode .2 in n segregated or individualized condition and this muy be accomplished by simply inlluencing thcni with a charge of single polarity which is accomplished by the action of thi; electro static cha from the electrmto i unpiaging the sliic d which implants a positive charge upon the front o! the shield and along its pointed ed ,which charge induces. that is, produces y induction a charge of opposite polarit upon the opposite side ot said pointed eige of the shield, which charge in this case is of polarity which induces iii the particles a similiir adai'ity to each other und which has a tcniieney to .segregate or separate the particles one from theother andeause them to fall upon the cleeii'iale in a thin sheet like aegi'egated forni. 'llie function of the dielectric shield 2l is in ii measure the saine as th'at of the shield 20'. aiul h v reason of its relative position tothe eloctimle 2 the fland the induced ioles produced at its pointed edge serve to re ease the'niost fcchlv attracted r ticlcs upon the electrodo and to cauae t to travel u iwiirdly alon r the shield 2l and then to fnl upon the siield 25, aa clearly shown in Fig. l. 'lliose )articles in the ma iii netic field und under tie intluenee of t e am i formation of the constant convective charge from the pointed electrode l, the same tpolarities are produced and maintained al ng its ed aa hereinhefore described ao that the arity induced at what is shown to he the lower aide of the shield 25 acts to a'asiat in electrically releasing the particles which are the moet feebb' attached to tho cylinder electrode at ii point succeeding that of the primary release just described. To prevent the existence of this electrical release from the ter portion of the upper surface of the ield 25 a metallic or other condiictin plate 32 is put upon the u "fr surface o said shield and is conn y wire 33 to the ind, oounteracting and ualifyng the eectro static action of the eectrode 1 upon the particles aa soon as they come upon raid. plate #12 from which they are delivered into compartment 28 aiiiiply y gravity. It will be readily seen that by ad'ustably mounting the shields the area of e electrode 2 which shall be under the influence of the action, direct and indirect, of the convective current maintained from the'electrode 1 may be determined.

represents a felt covered roller which contacts with the electrode 2 and moves in opposition to the movement of the electrode at the point. of contact for the purpose of hruiihing otl' the finely adherent matter. This matter may be of a iwdered nature or a constituent of value which continues to adhere.

Various forms of electrically shielding and releasing elements of the apparatus may he substituted for those thus far described.

Itnow remains to describe certain modifications in the form of the electro static reli'iiaiii means employed in connection with the c ectro static and ma etie field. lVe have discovered that an c ectrical releasing device which ia not ad'ustuble, but relatively fixed in position wit regard to the combined electro static and magnetic field may hc employed. We have further diwiwerml that in come instances the electrical releasing device may be formed of a rotating shield, and furthermore that in come in' stances it may be of other materiatthan dielectric. For exam le, hy referring to Fig. 7 it will he noted t at the electrode 2, magnet 15 and pointed clectrmle. 1 are in t c came relation with each other as in Fig. l, hut that the electrode 1 isin the forni of a shaft having points projecting therefrom and mounten in bearings 91 and .carrying the belt pulley 92 with the power oonveyin belt 99., whereby said electrode ia rotatct By rotating the electrode there occun n pas cago of the mnvcctive current from itii points to the electrode 2 when the are pointed toward the same, while iii tie opposite poi-iition no current passim and the electrodo and magnet are shielded by the rear 'on 94 of the shaft constituting the y ofthe electrode. This conx'itruction produces a succession of applicationa of current to the niaterial intermittent with a abutting ott of the current and depolariaatioii of the particles adhering .toI the electrode 2 with feeble attachment thua .performing the saine function as do the 'eldii 21 22, etc. aliown in Fig. 1. B regulating the rapidity of the rotationo the electrode 1 di erent efecto are produced and the apparatus ia thus adapted .for the treatment of particles having ditlerent characteristics.

1n Fig. 13, 05 shows a pulley driving mechanism for regulatiu the speed oLrotatioii of the rotatiii shi d 96 which iii this instance may be o other niatcrial than dielectric as its presence between the electrode 1 and cylinder electrode 2 and magnet l5 displacee and ncutralizeo the charge or convective current delivered by the intcd electrode and thus sto the sticking or attaching of the particlea the current from the electrode 1 intermittently and facilitates the separation from the eloctrode of the more weakly attached particles. The interposition of the electric conductin shiieldltttl presents to thle weakly lattach artic an o ite arit to tiat gesied by thenipasnd tliiirefor sei-vea mp3: tract them froml the cylinder electrodo 2 and this by an opposite method, proceso and 2K- eration to that of a direct c arge from e inte producing in euch elemente a similar polarity to that of the electrode to which they are attached.

ln Fig. 14 the equivalent shield 07 is rotativeiyhiouiited, but ie intended to be moved by hand into didcrent degrcra of inte ition between the electrodo 1 aiid the e ectrode 2, the particular advantage of this yform of mounting the shield being that it cany be employed to interpone and cut o! more or lese o the brush like convective current passing from one electrode to the other and this either in the upper portion, central voi' lower portion of the mme, or it may be temporari y thrown cnt of operation as shown by full linea in Fig. 14.

In the treatment cf come particlea of nietter it has heen found that centrifugal force niayvlie utilized with the i-h'ctro atatc and magnetic forces employed in thia ap ratus. ln Fig. 17 08 represente a cylindrira rotating dielectric shield which ia interposed between, the electrode 2 and the adjustably supported shield 2 having ii ground plato :i2 upon its surface. llero tho particles which become detached from the cylinder elet-.triste hy ,reunion .of their feeble attachment thereto under the action of the brush like convective' `current from the clectrode l full upon the rotating dielectric shield (P8 pointed ice tot

iie

iis

charge would follow the pluie 118 on the front aide of thc diak ll'l' carried thereto by the u per iirin 120 and from the plate thruu the brush 129 and line 123 buck tov the generator at ita" Kole. In other worde, themitire charge of t e generator ia short circuited back to it from the cylinder electrode 2 for an exceedingly brief instant of time which would be occu ied in the s sage of the arm 121 from t e contact p atc 118. It will be eeen that b tilting the plate 118 on ita pivot ont of tie vertical plane nf the disk, shorter linea of contact of the wiper arma, re rented by dotted linea of contact 196 in ig. 11, would result.

In this invention it ie to lie understood that an electro tatie convective current from* an electrode havin n sharpened termination' producen an even. w of current to an opposing electrode aa uninterruptedly aa that produced by a lvainc current paaiin over a conductor, w iile a rounded electroi e delivers to an oppoiiite electrode nitemiittent charges of potential, the interniins'ionediein canned by the accumulation of a charge o auch pre-nire ns becomes ter than the intervening nir can 'with thnd. The air, which iii simply n dielectric. ia broken down and a spark pussies fronione electrode to the other, momentarily lowering the potential ao that when a alot opening in thediak ia op ioaite one or both of the rounded termina ii a aerien of diachar takes plaec in rapid amwiiiion. while i pointed terminala are naed the trnuafer ot potential takes place with nu eren Ilou' of convective current. While a diacliurge of atutie. electricity from u sharp point acte npon n dielectric article in ii manner similar to au interrnptec charge from the rounded elcctrcalc whose iotentials nre chai'ueterianl h v either a rapid rise oi' a ru iid full. oi' both. iii the potentiiil snpplieil them. we dini'lme momia for running violent llnetnationa in the elnir s delivered lo the minted electrode. 'l'o i liudiiite the fuels i-eiii'ly. the elet-tro stativ eoni'wtive current tlowing from n sharp pointed eletl trode to one to which the muti-rml 'ix fed for aepariition polarirm the dielectric particles strongly 'in the manner hewtotore descrilml. tluit is. without interruption. 'llu-n is a ditferenee in the' time in which these particles can hc polarized, or in whirl: this von. slant dillerenee of tentinl can he nel up iind maintained. hercfore by regulating the tina` an well im the charneter ofthe elmrue given from the pointed electrode one Het of piirtielm cnn la' ditlorentiuted from the rest by the fazit' tlnit ih the time in which the eluirge in given one Het is |iolariaed while. the other ia not. The rounded terminnla do the same with intermittent chui-grs, with. however, Illia dillcrenie: thel longer the time of the elmrge delivered, the lest: Awill lifi.l lho l polarization owing te the fact that the particleii acquire the naine potential na the electrode and would ho repellcd.

accurately timed so tlnit the particles will never become fully eliurV .l thun maintaining them at a constant diiircnce of potential from that of the couveeer electrode to pie ventl repulsion. 0n t other hand, the longer the duration of charge from the pointed electrode the 'greater will be the ariaation of the particles up to the maximum of their ca city, but never reaching a repqellmg potential. .f

c ime of the features of conatruction herein described are ahown and deaeribed in ,our application Serial No. 995,802, tlled September 24, 1004 and claimedltherein.

'Having desicribiwl our invention and set forth itainerita, what we claim and deaire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

1. ln au electro static magnetic ae ratoi, means for producing a magnetic fieli means for subjecting the particlea of a mail to the action of a static elia dated to produce and maintain dielectric polarity on annie of the particles opposite to that of one electrode while' in eaid ma tic eld and means for neparately col ecting the seperated particles.

1n .m electro atatic magnetic ne lucana for piiahleinga magnetic el means.- for feeding nnitei'iiil thereto, means for pro during und muintuining dierenee of potentiul between mme particles of nialeriui lnd one elven-mh while said particles are in Suid magnetic tield nml uieans for aepxirntely collecting the epurnted purtii-lea. y

3. ln un electro stntii' nmgnetie se iarntor, means foipiodm'in v u magnetic iieli` means for feeding materia thereto. menne for producing und maintaining ditl'vrenee of potenlinl between come purl ielea of mnterial and one electrode' while in .unid nia nctu l'ielil, menus loented niljnrent tovsnid e ertrode for unlawqnently de|mlurizin v aaid particles and menne: for seinii'utely eolreeting theseparated purl ii'les.

4. ln iin electro etiitie magnetic eeparator, meiina for feeding eounnnmtnl material, moana fer delivering to the particles of a mam an interrupted static cha of one polarity while in a magnetic tiel and means foi; ae|mi1itely eolleeting the' separated partie es.

5. ln nn elc'flro static magnetic aparato?, meiiim for fecalin umm while in ainagnetic field an interruptfyingg the strength of aai( charge and mean! e for sepurutely collecting the separated partii'leH.

1'. ln un eliamutntioniaignetic mpmi'emr,

Therefore, with rounded electrodes the charite mult be.

uns

commiuti'ted material, meuna for delivering to the particle of a ed elnirge of one polarit means for modil al field of the apparatus.

, means for feeding coinminuted material, means for subjecting the particles of the material to a magnetic field, electro static means for polarizing the particles, means for interrupting the direct action of tlie electro static means for eiectrically releasing some of the particles aiid means for separately cullecting'the separated particles.

'a'. 'ln an electro static magnetic separator,

means for feeding cominiiiiited material,

means for subjecting the particles to theactioii of a magnetic tield, means for sabjectiug them w iile insanl field to either a static charge of one-polarity which is conll tiiinoua, or to a static charge of alternating polarity and means for separately collecting the se rated particles.

8. n an electro static magnetic separator, means for producin an electro static magt netic eld, means or retaining a masa of particles and feeding the same to said field, ainl inter sed means between 'the retaining means a field for shielding the mass from the influence of the electro static magnetic t). In an'electro static magneticl separator, means for producing an clectio static niaglietic field, a lmp r, a shaker pun, and means for electrica ly shielding the hopper Se and pan from said field. l0. In an electro static magnetic sepal'atoi', electro static electrmles, an interlmseal ma iet, n a hup ier, ainl an electro static abied between t magnet and the hopper.

l1. In an.electro static magnetic separator, electro static eli-ethnies, an interpwied magnet, and an electro static shield ingerpnsed between the magnet and the electrmles.

lit. In an electro static magnetic sepa- 40 rator. electro static electrodes, an interposed magnet, and electro static shields interposed between the electi'iales and the magnet above and below the plane of thc charging ,electrode.

13. In an electro static magnetic separator. a charging electrode. a separating electrode, a magnctco ratively arranged, and ,means for electrical ticles from the first mentioned electrode.

l-t. ln' van electro static magnetic separator, a charging 'elet-tronic, a se rating electrode. a magnet co ierativ y: arranged means for electrically iicldini-Ia iportionof one el'ectrtale from t ie aetion't ereon of the other electrode to elect rically'rrlearae tho pan ticles from the first mentioned electrode. and L means for snlmpicntly electricalIyishiclding l flic released particles from tlie remainder thereof.

1'5. ln an chctrostatic magnetic separasliieldi v a portion oflv one electrode from t ieaction t iereon of the I0 other electrode toelectriwlly release thc par- ,netic field in the region of aait trode, a magnet cm'ipeiativcly arranged.

means for electricallv shielding a portion of one electrode from tlie action thereon of tlnotlicr electrode to electrically release the particles from tlie iii-st inentioncd elcctrode. means for subsequently electrically shielding tbe released particles from the remainder thereof, and means for subsequently redneiiig said released particles to zero potential.

ttl. In an electro static magneticse iarator, a charging electrode, a separatin efectrmle, aiid means for electrically shiel in bodies of separated particles from each ot er and from said electmdes.

17. In an electro static magnetic separator, a cliar ing electrode, a se nirating elec# trade, an eectrical shield of ielectric inaterial, and means for restricting polarity to a portion of said shield.

18. In an electro static magnetic separator, means for feeding'comiuinuted mateiial, means for subjecting the particles to the action of a regulated varied static charge, means for simultaneously producing a magnetic field in which saidparticles are statically acted u ion and means for separately collectingt ie separated particles. y

19. In ah electro static magnetic separator, means for feeding comminuted material, means for subjecting the particles to the action of a convective discharge while in a magnetic field, means for producing the magnetic field, means for varying the strength 'of said magnetic field and meansfor separately collecting the separated particles.

. 20. ln a separator of the'clusa described, matins for feeding comnii'nuted materia'l,

means for producing a magnetic field, means f for producing an electrostatic field, means for varying the strength of the magnetic tield, means for varying the strength of one polarit of the static charges operating in said fie d and means for separately collecting .the separated particles.

2l. n 'a separator of the clam described, means' foi' feeding comminuted material, means for subjecting the particles to the action of, a tainvcctivcly, delivered charge, means for simultaneously producin a magcharge, nica'ls for reversing thc polarity of the magnetic field and means for separately collect- -ing the separated particles.

22. ln ii `separator of the class described, means for feeding comminiited material, means for subjcctin articles to the action of a mnvectively yi elivercd charge, means .for simultaneously producing n magnetic field in the region of said charge, munis for changing theY polarity of the convective charge and inciiiis for separately collecting tor, a charging clectrmlc, a separating elccthe separated particles.

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