US947107A - Gas and steam power-generator. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jm18,19w.

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and uaalul 1m rovementa in (iaa and Steam l'ower-(iene'ra ore, which are fully deacribed and represented in the followi apecitlea- -'t-ion and the accompanying draw nga, forniing1a part of the came. I

iia invention relatea to lntana for aup plying an elaatlc fluid under preaaure tor the operation 01 the ateam reciprocating and turbine typea of non.

The object of the invent ion is to tranapoue the heat untta of gas fuel into a mixture of steam and combustion gases united in pruaure and male and temperature to aupcraedc ataain in operating thone typcn of engine; and, by time linking them to gua producing apparatua, to embot y a a and ateam power-a Item which will re ain the advantagea o the ateatn inert and combine with them the thermal -ieney of the exploaire gaa no.

The t,ia lured by the tftttltltllfllltili under eonatan pmemre of gal and air mixed in axploaive or chemical promrtioue. 'Iheae aupphea of a and air are pro-mmpreaaed by any suitable a paratua and admitted to the cumbuation c iamber at a preauurqot aeveral atmoapherea, varying accord} to the I'irlnm of the gas in co|nbuatth elements.

'lh e ateam ia prmlueed by contact .wjth' the rodeo and tubes of the cmubuatiou clownher and its outlets, of water contained in a water jacket mtmiunding them.

The mixture la made b cauaing the nodueta of eombuatiou and t to laeam to d Rune together in n mixing chamber, into which the combnatmn gaiam are discharged trout the outlets of the ct'uuhuntion chamber and from which mixing t'ilillllbt'l' the mixture pal ea to the engine.

In the aectuupanying drawings of the upparatua' tor maltmg the mixture, which 1 call a and ateam power-generator, aimilar ra ere nee numbera and ettera are tuned ftiir identifying the name parta in all the v Figure 1 is a aide elevation of the powergenerator with-the left hand part in vertical central aection. Fig. 3 in a horizontal tranaverae aeetron on line .'2 of Fig. 1, looking down. Fig. 8 is a similaraeetion on line.

3-4! of Fig. on line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Figs. 6 and ti represent in detail electrically operated worm gears for the automatic regulation of the t is a aeetional air and fuel gaaes. Fig. elevation of a modiiied form of the generator for larger unite. Fig. 8 il a plan view of the bottom plate 'aeen in Fig. 7. Fig. 0 is u wotionul view of an automatic prcaaure regulator for the air and gel. Fig. ti a detail of a moditlcationthereof. Fi 10 in a aide view of the regulating cut-o valve, and Fig. 11 is a side view, on a amaller acale, of my power-generator eonneeted to a gaa producer and com in.

he uurutor is in ellectnnu rigmulur cylinder boiler B, see i ig. with aererul annular compartments 1, 2, and 3, aurrounding a central combuation chamber 4, and its outlet tubca ti, aurmounted by a hemiaphcrical doom 0 containing the aeparate mixing chamber 7, into which are mjected the products of combuation through the outlet pipoa ti and steam through tie external ateum S.

The feed water entel'a the annulus 1 through pipe p, ncur its bottom, and, under pressure from the feed pum Bowl up- Wttl't and throu h the top of t to partition 1" into the annu us 2, thence downward and through the bottom of the rtition P into the annulus und inter-tn space 8, and thence as steam into the mixing chamber. Thus there are, surrounding the comb nation chamber, three concentric water aeketa the coutentu oi which tlow conatanl toward the centrally located heating aur n tereapting and accumulating heat on hen- 'i he combuation chamber ia cylindrical in form and placed central] in the lower part of the generator. lts ttom or floor 9 nput be removable, and adjuatable to place, with atrong holta or came 10. to revuat the expanaion of the comprcawd fuel and o! eombualiou. .'lhe oolnp auppliaa of a and air are ndmitted tlmuigli aeparate t concentric inleta it and min the center of the door, whence the diluaa freely through a mound of amal fragmenta of broken mu neaitc or other refractory material 14. o promote eommiature and to reveal thcfragments tron 'holting the ineta, the ea or screen 15 in aupe over and aroum them, and is formed with opening: for the passage of the fuel aupplics 1. Fig. 4 is a similar aection l'nteu cd Jun. 18, 1010.

thetethrmlgh. it irill be seen that the botf a sprin or weight W without. This weight.

tom 9, whtch now be a steel casting. has a i is attic circumferential llan a titting the interior of the combustion eiamber, and that the llange. is surmounted by a ring 10, continuous in form: the lion and the ring together making a basin or holditeig the magneihe fragments. The upper e of t e ring coincides in height with the ante ea of combustion. covering the mound whiei may be called the burner. The upper rim of the riug'lttis thickened that it may aerveas a ma 'aziue to atorl and maintain an inflaming heat, should there. be a temporary atoppage of combustion.

l'roviaion for electric ignition-oi the fuel gases ia made through the hole 17 cured in he castings i and 16 to serve as a gas duet from the inlets to the upper surface of the buruer.,- 'lhelplug 18 serves as a gate for the due {and also as the heat of the electric connections 19.

When a kindling charge of the explosive mixture has posse through the open gate, a slight turn ofthe plug at the same time eloaea the gateway and prtalueea the tiring spark'in the vertical part of the duct.

Khe supply inlet'sil and 12. shown as wide open, are designed to admit the gas and air in proportions for chemical or perfect tanubustion. As these proportions must vary according to the richness. in eombustibles, of the gas, the inlets may be relatively adjusted in area or capacity by turning the "-hand wheels 20 and 21. such turning of the wheel 20, will screw the gas pipe 22 toward or from the pendent cone sur ace '23 on cage 15 with the efleet of partly or wholly closing or o 'ning the gas inlet, and sueh turning of l to wheel 2! will likewise aflcct the sleeve 24 for adjusting the air inlet. The uTFn-eeiver .25 serves both to deliver the air altpply uud ulao to sup mt't and to direct the devua-s for adjusting t te relative volumes of supply. v v

The relative volumes of s and air being in adjustment. by the position of the pipe 22 within the sleeve .t-l, it is evident that regulation of the total volume of gun and air may be attained hv screwing the alecve toward or from the inlet 1). according to the demands of the engine and its load.' Should those tluctuate vio -ntly. automatic regulation may be attained by the devirea shown in Figs. 5, ti and 0. that is to say. by r wheel 21' and worm 21" fixed to it t ll" 8 on which la a small reversible t lt't'it'lu llltllut M art-an l to revolve in oppmitu diroetioua by -'leetro currents whose circuits are alluruately madm-lmnkon and reverseil us to polarity by the vibration of a flexibltinphragm T, Fig. 9, whirlu-la'ing fist-d upon rhe end of I pipe I), tamllwlod with the till!- lug rhamla'r is under atresfrom the expansion within and is also under .-lrrss from I ed to alever uwhich rrat on a. bearing on top of diap ram '1 and the other end controls a 3-point pole changing switch a. e

When the two forces on o poaite sides of the diaphra n are balanced the motor M would be ad out power, as t e switch arms osition between the couith t etieient pressure within,

should comtnet points.

the reeemion of the diaphragm plete the o mug circuit of t \IICMHBS e fuel supply. .-With excessive pressure within, the protrusion of the diaphra t reverses the poles of the switch and com etes the circuit of the motor to operate in t reverse direction, to wholly or partially clone the aupply inlets.

For phragtn as in Fig. i), I may use a piston working in a ey under as seen in Fig. 9.

The pendent cone 23, Fig. 1, serves not. only to re ulate, as described, the influx of a, but a to promote its difliuoon with t e air. For. although the two concentric streams will begin di tlaion when they issue from the inlets, it is evident that, as 2400" an the central stream of gas reaches the route surface, the c mbustible atoina must diverge from their dineet eoun-ie and. read into that of the annular .-.t ream of air creating a multitude of subdivided and iutermingling streamleta of gaa and air and up mrtunitiee tor ditiuaiou an the elements riae t trough the iutersticesot the multi-oell burner.

The end and tube eheeta of the boiler my be made with plane surfaces or be dish domed, or ,eorrnga ed with mneeutric corrugations as at aig.- t. as may best serve the purpose of taking up heat expamimi and preventing strains.

1 have so far shown. as the simplest and most. convenient example of my invention, the upright cylinder boiler with its homologous the chamber and burner and ap rurtennncea, but for unita'ot. power exeeei mg the ordinary limits of the u iright boiler. utility may require horiaonta boilers and -vnri'aut forms for other analogous purta. in

an oblong tire rlunnla'r, are" in Figa. 7 and 8, a-smni-eylitulrieal burner euge 6" or several of them. only he the analogue of the hemispherical burner. "lluanalogue of the etaueutrie supply inleta may be' a group of three slita r. in the floor ti of the tlre eluuuber. arranged in, uniformity to the axoeut their burner. 'lho analogue of th n'il't'tttltlttl eono may be tt.\\'ttllt or prism 1 pre-eutmg an ed 'e to the gas inlet slit. tlas and air may a aupplied to their lt'tapt't'llfl; slttn through suitable pipes or holes. eored m the iltml'tttfilillll. pural el, like tlte. slits to the axis of the burner: mul two service melts Fig. ltl. arranged lu pipes at the t'lttt'ttneoa of these holes, and geared toe. motor which high pressures, iuatead of using a diallO stmightway cqual accessibility am distribution to very gather. with provision for relative adjustment of volume, may be the simplest. a .n slogan of the automatic regulating device heretofore described.

In Fig. ll I have shown the general combination of my invention consisting of a gas producer, a compressor and a wertzrnerator of the kind described a connected in operative relation.

To help maintain a flame ea l or combustion surface coincident everyw tore Mtlrthc. burner surface it is desirable that all po nts of the latter should be ually accessible from the fuel inlets. The diameter or width of the fuel inlets will be the snbtenee of the curve of equal radii for the burner surface. Spreadin the inflowing stream ofsupphes is equiva cut to widening the fuel inlet and lengthening the aubtense. and, therefore, of flattening t to curve of the burner surface.

As it mar be expected that the looee materials of the burner will in service. settle together and somewhat degrade any surface curve. the flatter the burner surface the better. if equal accessibility be secured.

it is evident that the apreadia i an-faces of the cone (or grism) ma! be a usted to Secure, for the irer nt. streams of fuel,

tiat cut-res: also that in an oblong lire chamber. for a large unit of power, several fuel inlets with aumiry spreading prisms may require, for equal distribution to their joint burner, a surface nearly or quite level.

The word fuel here means all elements of gas and air proper for combustion; and the phrase fuel inlet means an aperture or a group of apertures for the admission of those elements in proportionc proper for combustion: multiccll (or W tieellular), applied to the type of burner ltt "e described, distinguishes it from all them which, like the Bunsen burner and the blast lamp, provide but a sin le aphrtment or cavity for seclmion and (infusion of the elements. pending the reaction of combustion; a gate is anything which shots or bars a passage I we com are such a war generator with the exp o ive type 0 engine we find that the combustion chamber and water jacket have been M-paratcd from the engine cylinder; that ill lt'pt'tltltlll compression of supplies leaves the engine free for mob c duty exclusively; that cointant pressure has been substituted for constant or measured volume; that the water jacket, in the form of a boiler. contributes steam to be used in common with the combustion gases. Evident advantages a de; saving the engine mechanism from ex'teesivc combustion beat and the cylinder fiom explosive stream-s concurring with the strains of unequal heat expansion; saving fuel in the work done, by the surplus beat heretofore wasted in jacket water.

if we compare the ordinary steam boiler with such a power generator we iiml that. for ordinary fuel has been subst tuted an explosive mixture: for ordinary or slightly forced draft has been substituted combustion under constant pressure of several atmos )hercs; for wide diti'nsiou is substituted con moment of heat and steam to an inner coinpaz..-. it surrounding the heating surfaces, tow..--d which flows the feed water, witha slight but mnstant and sniiieiont current; for the steam dome is substituted a separate and inde wndc'nt. mixing chamber: for superheatiugapparatus is substituted actual contact of steam with the fire and diffusion with the mmbustion sea as they pass together to the engine; am for a stokcr is substituted an electric motor titilllF automatically to increase or diminish tac fuel Rural" 0 .mcct. tbc requirements.

be most directand ctl'cctive way of improving steam-engine cconomv is bv the use of superheated steam. leabodya 'l'lwrnmdynumicx of Mo Steam m inc Supcrheating has for its sole purpose and-result. the extinction or reduction of the intcrnhl thermal wastes of the engine consequentupon initial or cylinder condensation. Snperhcating even a few degrees improves considerably the performance of the engine, and, in the average case superheuting 100 degrees F. will entirely extinguish that waste. The obstruction at the boiler has been, and still remains,

difliculty of construction of a superhcatin" system Wl'llt'li will be at once ct'fu'tivc, M c and durable." See "'lbnrston's lilmnm/ 0/ Strum lfoilcrn )p. mitt-Hill).

it is thus cvit cut that superhcating is of the utmost ini mrtunco for steam engine economy; that t ierc are economic constructive ant material ditiiculties in imparting an )crbeat to steam through intervening meta lic walls; that the most logical and practical method must therefore dis wnse with the walls and supcrbeat the steam by direct contact with the tire and combustion gases. substantially as heretofore dcscrilml. It is also evident that, within reasonable limits. the steam may be so sols-cheated. or the combnstion gases so tempered to any degree snitnhle for the immediate purpo e. 'lhe engine will he then. approxinmtcly. a gas Murine or, a'pproxunately, a steam engine, according to llli pressure was 1 pound per square inch, then the steam has about J, pound per square inch preaaure, and therefore the exhaust into the atmoaiherc would expand Just as much as thong: a condenser were used. From this lictet concludea that the steam consumption of this tum-condensing engine approachea nearly that of a condensing engine. Ibid. p. -il0. It is evident that this advantage sought by Pietet in his mixture of steam and air, must as certainly, and more fully, be found in mv mixture of ateam and combustion gases ii tempered to the required conditiona; for while in his system it is the object of an expenditure of one on the contrary in my system it ia an a dttional economy incident to aaving the heat energy of the ateam.

I claim-- l. A steam-boiler comprising an interior combustion chamber, a plurality of com )ll'l' meuta uurmuudin said combustion c anther. an inlet for eed water in thcouter oi said cmnpartmenta. and co nmlwicating passages between said eompartmentaurranged to conduct the feed water aucceaaively throu h quid compartmenta from aaid inlet to the intcrior'lu-ating surfaces. thereby intercepting and iu-cumulating heat during its pmgrem.

2. steam boiler com arising an interior muuhuatiou chamber, a p urality of concentric annular mnupartmenta anrrmtnding aaid. comltllaliolt chamber. an inlet for feed water in the outer of auid coinpartmcnta and comumuicaliug pumagmt between said compartments arruugml to conduct the feed water anew-naively through said munpul tincnta from sllltl inlet to the interior heating aurfacea, thcrcb intercepting and accumu atiug heat during its progreaa.

it. gaseous tluid purer-generator, compriaing a central cmuhuatiou chamber. an annular upright boiler, sun-minding aatd combustion chamber. a plurality of feed water emnpartmeuts surrounding said boiler, a lllllttnjl chamber, havin oonununicatiou with said boiler and" Witt the interior of said combuatiou chamber, an inlet for the feed water in the outer feed water -:om artment. said inner compartment having tlirect communication with the boiler, the passa between said feed water compartments ing so arranged thatthe feed water is forced to travel the entire length of each compartment in ita movement toward the boiler.

4. In a power-generator; an annular n right boiler, a fluid fuelburner centrally diapoeed thereof and provided with refractory material for retaining the heat of said 1 burner in close proximity to the inner vertical sides of the boiler, a plurality of feed water compartments surrounding said boiler, means for causing the feed water to traverse the length of each compartment, an indeggndent mixing chamber surmount-ing said der and a acries of exhaust tubes communicating with said mixing chamber.

5. In a power-generator, a fluid fuel burner, a combustion chamber containing a mass of refractory material diapoeed above said burner, an upright annular boiler aurroundiug said combustion chamber and extending above the same, concentric annular ffl'dewllel' com artmcnta surrounding aaid boiler, commuu catin paauagn between aaid feed water ccmgpart enta, t e adjacent par sages being at the opposite ends of the compartments, a mixiu chamber aurmountmg aaid boiler and a nertea of exhaust tubes connecting said combuation chamber with said mixing chamber and diapoaed in the upper part of said chamber.

0. In a power generator an interior combustion chamber. it ill!" ity of concenttic water heating cham iera surrounding said combustion chmnbcr. communicating peasages lx-twecu adjacent water chambers, each paaua being at the opposite end of the cham m from the one preceding it, thereby cauain the incoming feed water'to flow aucceusire y through the length of each of the chatuhem.

EASTBURNE E. LAM-SON. \Vitneaaea:

L. ll. Swauaa, in F. Rtrrr.

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