US946772A

US946772A - Heat insulation.

Info

Publication number: US946772A
Application number: US39707107A
Authority: US
Inventors: Clyde J Coleman
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1907-10-12
Filing date: 1907-10-12
Publication date: 1910-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 1927-01-18

Description

C. J. COLEMAN.

HEAT INSULATION.

APPLICATION FILED ooT.1z, 1307.

Patented Jan. 18, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

c. J. COLEMAN.

HEAT INSULATION.

APrLloATIoN FILED ooT.12, 1907.

946,772. Patented Jan, 18,1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

@j/(j, @MMM dit ofcy.

C. J. COLEMAN.

HEAT INSULATION.

APPLICATION PIL-Im ooT. 1z, 1907.

cnvnn J. connu, or Nrw Yonx, lt'. r.

HEAT. IISULLTION.

Indication et Letters latent.

Application led October 18, 1907. Serial No. 397,071.

Patented J an.. 18, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLYDE'J. COLEMAN, a citizen of the United States, vIeidin Vin the boroughv of Manhattan, city of glew York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented'a certain new' and useful Improvement in Heat Insulation, of which the following is a specification, reference being had thenein to the accompanyinidrawings, forming part thereof.

y invention relates generally' to heat insulation and relates particularl to heat insulating`| walls of substantially r dimensions such'. as in cold` storage bui ings, refri ratorcars and household refrigerators an the like.

The objects ofV m invention are eiliciency, economy and Simp icity, and my invention also has other objects and advantages which will appear from the following description.

My invention employs an assemblage of vacuum inclosing bodies as a principal .part of the heat insulating construction.

The high efficiency of a vacuum as a heat insulator has been long known, but heretofore no practical embodiment of the same has been made in heat insulating walls of any considerable size adapted to the uses above noted. v f

My invention is directed to the production of vacua-inclosing heat-insulating walls of an desired dimensions. ,4

'lo these ends my invention includes an assemblage of vacuum inclosing bodies adjacently arranged so as to form a continuous heat barrier.

My invention also includes a particular conformation of the vacuum inclosing bodies and an overlappin arrangement of the saine so as to secure t e maximum practicable length of path through the wall along ad- 'acent portions lof t ie vacuum inclosing dies. i

My invention also includes, in combination, low heat conductive cushioning gaskets interposed between adjacent vacuum inclosin bodies.

y invention also includes several details of construction and other advantageous features which will hereinafter appear.

I will now describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and will thereafter point out my inventionin Figure 1 is a transverse section of 'a portion of a heat-insulating wall embodying my to form the ,heat barrier.

sins

invention. Fig. 2is a .detail view showing in transverse section one of the U -shaped vacuum inclong tubes or units seen in Fig. 1. Fi 3 is an elevation of one ofthe vacuum inc osing bodies or tubes with p01'- tions broken away. Fig, 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing a modification of my invention. Fig, 5 is an elevation, with portions broken away, -of one of thevacuum inclosing bodies shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation, with portions broken out, of a vhousehold refrigerator embodying the form of my invention shown inv Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figs. 1 and 4 but showing another modification of my invention. Fig. .8 is a face view of the wall seen in Fig. 7, partly in section and with the front plate removed. Fig.,9 is a transverse section of a 'portion of a wall embodying yet another modification of my invention. Fig. 10 is a. face view or front elevation of the wall construction seen in Fig. 9, with the front plate removed. Fig. 11 is a transverse section on an enlarged scale, of

one of the vacuum inclosing umts shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Fi 12 1s a reversed or back view of Aone o the vacuum inclosing units shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11. Fig. 13 is a view Similar to F ig. 11 of a further modified construction of vacuum inclosing units.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the drawings elongated vacuum/inolong bodies o r vacuum tubes 1 are provided, -such tubes being composed of vitreous low heat conductive material such as glass, and are formed in one piece or integral andare hermetically sealed or closed at the ends as indicated in Fig. 3 at the bottom. The vacuum inclosing tubes l are adjaoently assembled in a wal structure to produce a continuous heat barrier, etiveness of which is increased by the shape or conformation of the vacuum inclosngtub 1 and by the manner of their arrangement or in which they are assembled The heat nsuliing wallshown in Fig. 1 may be considered as identical with or as a portion of one of the walls of the refrigerator instruction illustrated in Fig. 6- In this wall construction outer wall portions or outer plates 2i and inner wall port-ions or inner plates A3 are rovided ,therev beingv an w between e lates 2 and, but s portion of the ieiace 5 een the

plates

2 and 3 is occup by the heat barrier of my y toward the inner 'side of the wall.

invention which is shown as arranged adjacent to the outer plate 2, the vacuum inclosing tubes 1 being cushioned from the plate 2 by a sheet 4 of low heat conductive materlal.

The vacuum inclosing tubes 1 are provided with pressure resisting shells and are transversely U-shaped or `Ushaped in cross section, and the U legs of each tube. extend substantially parallel to eachother for an appreciable distance as clearly shown'k in Figs. 1 and 2. In actual practice the vacuum inclosing tubes"1arey of about the size or imensions in cross section shown in Figs. l and 2 of the drawings, and the small size together with the curved shape or U'shapc enables the shell of theftube 1 to withstand or successfully resist lthe outer atmospheric pressure caused by the inclosed vacuum space. Thetransversely U-shaped Yvacuum tubes 1 are arranged in'two adjacent parallel layers, the tubes of` one layer breaking joints with the tubes of the other layer. The tubes of the "first layer or outer layer arearranged or assembled side bv side adjacent one to another and with the U legs all extendingin the same direction and eXtendrIixilg e vacuum inclosing tubes of the second or inner layer are arrangedv or assembled in like manner but with the U legs extending in the opposite direction ortoward the outer side of the wall. The U legs of each of the layers extend between and interlock with the U legs of the adjacent layer, a. U. leg of two of the tubes 1 in one layer being received'between the U legs of one of the tubes 1 in the other layer ineach instance.v Therefore all ofthe U legs in both layers lie parallel with' each other in a direction transverse tov oralong planes perpendicular to the wall, and also the U legs of the two layers lie successively adjacent in such manner that two U legs ofonel layer alternate with two U legs of the other layer in a plane par-l allel with'the wall. TheU-shaped vacuumy inclosing tubes thus overlap one with two others in a plane parallel with the wall and also in planes perpendicular tothe' wall. Although the vacuum inclosing tubes-l are particularly and specifically described kas 'transversely *U-shaped, with perfect .pro-

f priety and `correctness such tubes may-'be of a third'vacuum tube.

broadly designated asvgrooved or as provided with grooves, because the open side of the U constitutes a groove, and in the construction of heat barrier shown portions of two adjacent vacuum tubes enter the groove A sheet 5 of low heat conductive material is placed between the two layers. The sheet 5 extends continuously from groove to grooveI around inside of the U of each tube of the two layers, f

Low heat conductive gaskets 6 are interposed between adjacent tubes 1 of each layer and lie between the adjacent outer sides of second, to provide an effective seal between the tubes to prevent the passage of air; and third, to provide additional heat-insulation to prevent the transfer of heat from tube to .tube by conduction. It isevident thatthe packing-or gaskets 5 and 6 shouldbe water proof, and also that lthey should be yieldable at the time the wall is put together at least. The gaskets 5 and .6 may be composed of waterproof paper, and ifdesired they maybe coated with shellac or other adherent so as to cement all of the tubes togethery into a substantiallyintegral structure. The gaskets 6 are short enough as shown so as not to makecontactiwith the sheet 5, for preventing the conduction ofv heat directly from the one to the other. y l

Heat cannot passfby conduction or convection through the .vacua of the tubes 1, and'for heat to pass through the wall between the tubes by conduction along the walls thereof or along the interposed packing it must follow a very long and tortuous non-continuous `path through low heat conductive materials, such low conducting path being of much greater lengththan the thickness of the heat-insulating wall. Heat transference by radiation across the vacua will be practically negligible, but means are providedto revent it. To this end the vacuuminclosln'g tubes 1 Vare silvered on the inside; or they maybe coated with white enamel or made of whit-e opaque glass.

' The yvacuum inclosing tubes 1 may be as long as the refrigeratoris highor wide, as shown at the right and at theJ top of Fig. 6; or they may be as long as some divisional portion of the refrigerator, asshown at the eft and bottom of Fig.-6; o r ifthe dimensions of the refrigerator are large oriif for other reasons vfound desirable the tubes 1 may be made in any'snitable lengths and placed in the wall so that the tubes of one layer overlap the tubes of another layer in an endwise or longitudinal direction. The

l interlocking U-shaped tubes 'will then overlap each other in two directionsparallel with the wall (transversely and longitudinally) and-'also in a direction perpendicular to the t wall (due .to the fact of the interlocking of the U.-shaped tubes). This latter construcl tion of heat barrier is illustrated in the back wall of the refrigerator shown in Fig. 6.

This construction would more often be employed in the walls of cold storage buildings and the' like. In this construction sealing and cushioning strips 17 are placed between adjacent ends of the vacuum inclosing tubes.

In the modified form ofv my invention shown in Figs. 4 and 5 two shapes or forms fof vacuum inclosing bodies or vacuum tubes are employed and are disposed laterally alternately to form a heat barrier. Larger elongated vacuum inclosing bodies or tubes 7 are provided having opposite grooves and smaller vacuum inclosing tubes 8 of oval or .elliptical shape and adapted to fit into the grooves of adjacent tubes 7, so as to provide a long and tortuous path through the wall along the material of the tubes. The joints between the tubes are sealed and the tubes cushioned from each other by interposed gaskets 9 of yielding low heat conductive material. Two adjacent larger tubes 7 are shown as substantially surrounding a smaller tube 8 with portions of one grooved tube 7 lying adjacent to portions of another grooved tube 7 at opposite sides of a smaller oval tube 8, thereby providing a longer path between the tubes through the low heat eon ductive material of the tubes and gaskets. The principle of operation is the same as in the construction described above.

The modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8 comprises cylindrical pipes or tubes 10 in-y closing vacua and arranged in two layers, the pipes of one layer laterally overlapping or breaking joints with those of the other layer. By the lateral overlapping a longer path is provided through the wall between the cylinders. Also owing to the fact that each cylinder in one layer enters partly between two cylinders in the other layer, the cylinders to some extent overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the wall. Also the cylinders of the different layers overla each other in a lengthwise or longitudina direction as indicated in Fig. 8 and substantially in the same manner as the tubes 1 (Fig. 6) overlap longitudinally,with the exception that in the construction illustrated in Fig. 8 the cylinders 10 in each la er are also shown as breaking joints one with another longitudinally. The vacuum inclosing cylinders 10 are sealed together and cushioned one from another b interposed

gaskets

11 and 12 of yielding ow heat conductive material. The gaskets 11 lie between adjacent cylinders in the first or outer layer and are prolonged inwardly as shown so as to lie also between the layers or between the cylinders belonging to different layers, and the gaskets 12 lie between adjacent cylinders in the second or inner layer. Sealing and cushioning pads or washers 13 are interposed between the ends of longitudinally adjacent cylinders in each layer.

In the further modification shown in

Fi

9, 10, 11 and 12 substantially rectangulsr vacuum inclosing bodies or units 14 are shown as employed. These bodies 14 are laid u with

gaskets

15 and 16 of waterproof Ilow heat conductive material inter` posed between adjacent bodies. In the construction shown in Fig. 11 the shell of the vacuum inclosing unit is thick enough to withstand the atmospheric airpressure on the outside thereof, but, for the sake of lightness, the shell may be made thinner and :support for the sides provided as shown in It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions' shown and above particularly described within the principle and scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. A heat barrier comprising a vacuum inclosing body provided with a. groove, and a low heat conductive body adapted to enter the groove.

2. A heat barrier comprising a vacuum inclosin body provided with a groove, and a secon vacuum inclosing body adapted to enter the groove in the first body.

3. A hea-t barrier comprising a vacuum inclosing body provided with a Groove, a second vacuum inclosing body adapted to enter the roove in the first body, and a low heat con uctive gasket in the groove between the two bodies.

4. A heat insulating wall comprising an assemblage of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies, each such body being rovided with a groove in which portions o two other of the vacuum inclosing bodies are adapted to enter. 4

5. A heat insulating wall comprising an assemblage of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies, each such body being provided with a groove in which portions of a plurality of the other vacuum inclosing bodies are adapted to enter.

6. A heat insulating wall comprising an assemblage of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies, each such body being rovided with a groove in which portions o two other of the vacuum inclosing bodies are adapted to enter, a low heat conductive gasket in each groove, and low heat conductive gaskets between the portions of the bodies entering the groove.

7. A heat insulating wall comprising an assemblage of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies, each such body being rovided with a groove in which portions o two other of the vacuum inclosing bodies are adapted to y enter, a continuous sheet of low heat conductive material in the grooves and extending from groove to groove, and low heat conductive gaskets between the portions of the bodies enterin the grooves.

8. A heat insu ating wall comprising a layer of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies, and a second laver of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies adjacent to the first layer, the bodies of the second layer breaking joints with the bodies of the first layer.

9. A heat insulating wall comprisin a layer of adjacent vacuum inclosing bo'ies, a second layer of adjacent vacuum inclosing bodies adjacent to the first layer, the bodies of the second layer overlappi the bodies of the first layer in a' plane par el with the wall and also in planes substantially perpendicular to the wall, a low heat conductive sheet interposed between the layers, and low heat conductive askets interposed between the bodies in t 1ev layers.` j

10. A heat insulating wall com )rising an assemblage of vacuum inclosing odies a1;- ranged to form a plurality of adlarcnt layers, the bodies of adjacent layers overlapping one with another in a plane .parallel with the wall and also in planes substantiall perpendicular to the wall, va low heat con uctive sheet interposed between the laycrs, and low heat conductive gaskets interposed between the bodies in the layers.

1 1. A heat barrier. comprising transversely U-sha d vacuum inclosing tubes adjacently assembled and alternately -oppositely arranged and interlocking one with another.

12.. A heat barrier comprising U-shaped vacuum inclo'sing bodies adjacently assembled a'n'd alternately oppositely arranged and interlocking one with another.

13. A` unit for heatinsulating construction comprising.- a substantially U-shaped vacuum inclosing body having. the legs 0f the U extendingv substantially parallel Vvt0 eachother for an appreciable distance;

14. A heat insulating wall comprising a layerof adjacent U-shaped vacuum4 incloslng bodies assembled withv the U legs all extend ing toward one side of the wall ,land a, second layer of like bodies adjacent to the lirst layer and assembled wlth the U legs of the second layer all extending toward the first layer and toward the other side of the Wall, the U legs of each layer extendingv between the U legs of the adjacent la er. v

15. A heat insulating wal comprising. a. layer of adjacent U-shap'ed vacuumv inclosmg bodies assembled with the U legs a l extend! ing toward one side of the wall, an a Secund layer of like bodies adjacent to the first layer and' assembled with the U legs of the second layer all extending toward the first layer and toward the other side of the wall, the U legs of each layer extending between the U legs of thev adjacent layer, all of the U le in boih layers being arranged substantially parallel one with another.

16. A heat insulating Wall comprising a layer of adjacent U-shaped vacuum incloSm bodies assembled with the U legs all exten ing toward one side of the Wall,^a Second layer of like bodies adjacent to the' vfirst layer. and assembled with the U legs of the second layer all extending toward the. lrst layer and toward the other side oit the wall, the U legs of each layer extendin between the lU legs of the adjacent lay-er, a ow heat conn f 1s between the layers..

asuma and toward the ot er side of the wallj'the U legs of each layer extending between the U legs of the adjacent layer, all of the U legsin both layers being arranged Substantially parallel one with another, a continuous sheet oflow heat conductive` material interposed between the layers, and low heat conductive gaskets interposed between the bodies in the liers and arranged so as not to touch the e eet which is between. the layers. y

18. A unit for heat insulating. construye'-` tion comprising. a transverse y. U-shaped vacuum` incosing tube having the legs of the Urexten ing substantially each other for an appreciable 19. A heat insu ating wall comprising transversely U-Sha ,A vacuum inclqsin tubes adjacently assembled in substantie parallelism with the plane of the wall, l

20.- A heat insulating wall com rising. transversely U-shitpd vacuum 'n losin' tubes adjacently assembled in su stantia parallelism ene with another.

21. A heat insulating wall compris@ vacuum inclosing tubes adjacentl assembled insubstantia'l parallelism with tiie plane` of. the wall and arran ed to. form a, luralit of adjacent layers su stantially para lel with the ane of the wall and. with. the tubes in one ayer. breaking joins 'with the tubesl in an adjacent 'layer and ow heat conductive askets interposed between the layers and etween thetubes n the layers.

22. A heat insu ating wall comprisin a layer of adjacent vacuum inclosing bo les, a. secon layer o ad'acent vacuum lnclosing bodies adjacent to. t e first layer, the bodies of the second la er breaking joints with the bodies, of the rst layer, a low heat-conductive-gasket interposed between the layers and low heat-conductive gaskets inter between the bodies in the layers an arranged so. as not to touch the gasket which istance.

In testimon whereof I aiiix my signature in presence o twewitnesses.

GLY-DE J. COLEMAN.

Witnesses; j

WM. ASHLEY. KELLY, BERNARD wmz.

Cparallel with.