US946503A - Single-phase commutator-motor. - Google Patents

Description

V1 As FYNN.,

SING-LE PHASE UUMMUTATOR MGTOR.

MPLIGATNN mman 00T. 5, 190e.

3 SHEETS-SEEET l.

d Mz;

V. A. FYNN. SINGLE PHASE GOMMUTATOR MOTOR..

APPLIGA'TION FILED OCT. 5, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wl TNESSES y v., A. NNN. SNGLE PHASE CGMMUTATOR MOTGE. PPLIOATION FILED 00T. 5, 1906. fgg, Patented Jan.11,1910.

V3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

VALRE ALFRED ramt, entonnoir, attenere.

SINGLELEHASE COMMUTATR-MTR.

Staines Specification ef Letters Patent.

Patente@ Jan.. llo

Application filed lotober 5, 1906. Serial of'l.

lle it known that l, Vannini Amann Frein, olf 'i8 lllessington road, Blaeltl eath,- in the county ot London, England, electrical engineer, have invented certain neiv and useful Improvements in or Relating to Single- `lhase' lGon'unutatorMiotors, of which ythe following is a speeilication.

This invention relates to single-phase eonnnutator motors which at least start as repulsion motors.r l have inatle use of this term repulsion n1otors"` hat although universally employed l yeonsitler the terni a misleading one and `will hereinafter Call the motors to ivhieh this invention relates t series inthietion niotors 'lhe objects Yof my invention are. lirstlkv, to improve the starting torqueot such inotors tor a given terminal voltage hoth at the veryv inolnent ot starting and also during the rest ofy the starting` perfornianee; seconill);i to enable the starting torque and the speed olsueh motors to be eonifenientlg1 oontrollecl iireterahly without the use of expensive auxi lary apparatus such as trznistorniv ers and the like; also` providing means for easily convert-lng the characteristic of `these -inotors from a series to a shunt characteristie while compensating; (improving their power factor) thein or not; i f

l aehievethese objects loroadhv speaking hy combining in one. motor the action of a series influetion motor with that of a series eoiuluetion motor or to pnt it ditlerently by disposing the field exciting, Winding of a seriesinduction inotor pai-tlvv on the stator and parthv on the` rotor. the two parts being` eonneetetl -in series relation. l

The views as to the oper-ation of theseniachines seein to dilier widely even at the presenttnne and that is Why-I explain what l propose to (lo in different ways so as to i 'of ther linain stator Winding,

make in); objects and the manner in `which l attain theni Clear to all.

The arrangement indicated so far will help to increase the'torque ivit i a given ter-- niinal if'oltage after the first instant ofstarting, i. e. When the motor is in motion.- A

ln ortler to regulate either the starting ltorque or speed ot' the motor or both, I p rovidethat part of the liehl Winding Whiehvis tlisposeclon the stator with tappings which enable the useful ninnher of turns 1n that winding to he varied either cutting out,

.more or less of the total number of turns or by grouping these turns dilferentlyln' order to convert the oharaeteristie of this niotor troni a series to a shunt-charite teristic, l gradually or suddenly short-cir.- euit- 'the armature alongthe iielti axis ineluding in that Circuit or 'not an l. lil. l?. ot a phase suitable for compensating the motor, said ll. lill l?. being derived troni the motor itself or lionr an outside. source.

, ln order to increase the initial startingtorque for a given terminal voltage l include the E. lil. l?. usecl' for compensating the. inotor in circuit with the armature anni lieltl windings in suoli a ivay as to boost "l the voltage impressed on the niotor.

l will non' proceed to deserihe the inven tion more tally with the help of the aeeoinpanying drawings.

Figures l, 2., 2h et and G shoiv known ferais ot continuous and alternate current inotors and are. made use ot Vfor the. purpose ot roughly indicating the theory on whioh the invention is based and explaining the mean ing` ot the lettering and signs used in the drawings. Fig. 5 shoivs a simple torni o the improved motor :forming the suhjeot matter of this infsent-ion. Figs. .Y and 8 shov another torni oa .the improved motor, indicate means tor Converting' saine into a coinpensateel shunt .motor the' compensating F. M. li., being derived troni a Wincling elisposefl on the tor, :tor regulating its speed, anal-.also show the .necessary alterations in the. connections in ortler to reverse the direction of rotation. 9 shows e. ineanstor olitainingftiie compensating E. lli/l. l?. troni a transformer connected in parallel with the mains'. lt) shows an arrangement Where the rotoreld Wincling is eonneetetl in series relation with the .stator windings S1' and S2 by means of the series transformer T1. ig. il shows a motor in which the auiiliary or compensating voltage is derived troni a part ln Fig. l is shown tliagrannnatieally an ordinary continuous cnrrent motor. By way.

of example the armature is Shown as tfrannne ring ivounti in a certain three-tion. All the other llgures are supposetl to be pro vicletl with such Grannne rings. Theln'nshes in all eases rest olireetlgT on 'these windings.

Assuming the current to enter the artnet-nre 'the direct piaced in.

ie current along the active winding without making it necto show the winding' itselt. y1`his siinnle method of indicating the distribution or current will hereinafter' be this figure, with the given direction the 'motor field M F and the armature he motor will revolve as indicated arroY K; the direction of the tield due tc the current tiowing through the armature is then shown by arrow A. F. A back M. F. will now be developed opposing the working FJ. M. F. (E T) impressed on the armature brushes and also opposing the cui? rent flowing through the armature. This back E. "it, F. (l B) is indicated by an arrow which shows thatI this back E. M. F. enters the armature by the left hand brush thus acting against T. l

Taking now Fig. 2 which represents a series conduction motor it will be seen that for the conditions shown the direction of rotation will be clockwise as indicated by arrow l. The dot and cross in the air gap show the distribution of the armature eurrent and of E "il, while the direction of E B is also shown by an arrow. 1f the distribution of F B were shown in the same manner as that of E T the cross would be at the top and the dot at vthe bottom since F- B is opposed to E T. A in Fig. 3 is shown a series induction motor. ln this case there are two fields to take into account, the transformer field 'll F (due to the main or transformer winding S1) in the armature axis along which the rotor is short circuited by means of the brushes 1t R and the motor field M F displaced by l) degrees with regard to the latter. rl`he working E. M. F. (E T) is iinpressed on the rotor along the armature axis by induction with the help of '1 F, the back iti. F. (E B) is nearly opposed to it and is generated in the rotor along R It by rotation in M F. For the direction of the fields as shown in Fig.A 3 the direction of rotation will be clockwise as shown by arrow l( and will be evident from a comparison with Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows the same ease as Fig. Shut as the distribution of the various fields and E. M. Fs is shown in the same manner as in Fig. l, this needs no further comment.

n Fig. 5 the series conduction motor of Fig. 9. has been combined with the series induction motor of Fig. 3 and as the direction of rotation of the combination must obviously be the same as the direction of rotation of the component parts, it will therefore be clockwise as indicated by arrow K.

Fig. G shows the well-known induction motor in which the armature current flows along axis R lt and the field or exciting curaeaeoe the air gap; these indicate rent along` axis l1 H. lt is seen therefore 1 that the rotor winding in thc axis H can be made use of as a iield winding. Bearing this in nnndand reterring to Fig. 5, 1t can be said that the. latter represents a series induction motor the field winding of which is partly disposed on the stator and shown at S2 and partly on the rotor and included between the. brushes H 1l; it is immaterial whether these brushes hear on thc same, winding as is short-circuited by' the brushes R R or o'n a separate winding disposed on the same rotor.

The reason why a motor connected as shown in Fig. 5 exerts a great torque after it is in motion is as follows :Ml'v taking the primary or stator current through the rotor along the motor field axis. an E. M. F. (E 1t) generated by rotation in the transformer field T F is included in the primary. circuit: the said ll. M. F. is aceordiiig to the direction of rotation either in phase with 'l` F or of opposite phase to it. Now the primary current is always taken through the rotor in -such a direction that the lil. M. F. (E 1t) helps to counteract the 'arious FJ. M. Fs of self-induction in the primary circuit and which are duc to Si.. to the rotor winding in the motor field axis. and to r1`he result is that a given impressed E. M. F. will drive a` much greater current through the motor when E R is thus taken advantage of.

1 am aware that a motor such as shown in Fig. 5 but without the addition of the winding S2 has vbeen proposed before now, although its action may have been explained differently, but such a machine could not be regulated without the use of external devices. Une of my objects is to do away with the use of these external devices and this 1 accomplish by adding this winding S2 and arranging it as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 with or without the other improvements shown in these tigures. 1n these Figs. 7 and 8, by means of the winding S.; and the lever L the current taken by the motor when it is switched on to the mains can be reduced to any desired extent, the motor can be started as smoothly as desired. the torque increasing 'as the lever is moved toward point 4.

.1 winding S.. disposed on the stator eov axially with S1 is connected in series with S. and S.J and in such a way that the voltage generated therein will he added to the total voltage impressed on the motor, the line voltage heilig kept constant: in this'manner the maximum torque of the motor is increased. 1t is not necessary 'to derive this auxiliary voltage from a winding such as Sn disposed on the motor itselfglit can be derived from a separate. transformer, in which case the secondary of the separate transformer will be connected in series with any of the motor windings already referred l'if) CII winding' which is disposed on the rotor and between the field brushes, and means for varying the number of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposed on the stator. 4 6. An alternatecurrent motor comprising the combination of a rotor, a stator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator, said winding doing duty along one axis as armature winding and as field winding along another axis,'short circuited armature brushes on the said commutator, field brushes on the said commutator displaced with regard to the armature brushes, a main windingl on the stator approximately in the axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field winding on the stator approximately in the axis of the Vfield brushes, the said main stator winding, stator field winding and rotor field windingl being all connected in series relation and across the mains, a source ot' compensating E, M. F. and a switch forv short-circuiting that part of the field winding which is disposed on the rotor and betweenthe field brushes so as to include the said compensating l?. M. F. in closed circuit.

7. An alternate current motor comprising the combination of a rotor, a stator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator, said winding doing duty along one axis as armature winding` and as field windingr along another axis, short-circuited armature brushes on the said commutator, field brushes on the said cominutator displaced with regard to the armature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately in the axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field winding' on the stator approximately in the axis ot the field brushes, the said main stator winding, stator field winding and rotor field winding` being all connected in series relation and across the mains, a source of' compensating` E. M. F. a switch for shorteircuitingg' that part. of the field winding` which is disposed on the rotor and between the field brushes so -as to include the said eontpeIn-:ating` li. M. F. in this closed circuit, and means for varyingg the number ot' turns of' the stator field winding.

An alternate current motor c the combination of a stator. a rotor, a winding on the rotor connected to a comniutator, said winding doing' duty alone one axis as oinprismgy y bein g al armature winding' and as field winding' along another axis. short-cn'cuited armature t brushes on the .said brushes on the Isaid eonnnntator displaced with. regard to the armature brushes. a main winding on the stator approximately in the l axis oi the shorl-eirenited armature brushes. a field winding; on the stator approximately in the axis of" the field brushes. a source of compensating E. lll. lf.. the said tnain stator uinding'. stator field winding, rotor field winding' and source ofl eoinpensating ll. .\l.

eoinniutator, field I \\*indin;2,`

. field brushes on the said commutator a main winding on the F. bein all connected in series relation and across tie mains, /a'switch for short-circuitl .with regard to the armature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately in the axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field 'Winding on the stator approximately in the axis of' the field brushes, compensating .M F., the'said main stator winding, stator field winding, rot-or field winding, and source of tmmpensating M. F. being all connected in series rela tion and across the mains, a switch for short-circuiting that part of the field winding which is disposed on the rotor and between the field brushes so as to include said compensating E. M. F. in this closed circuit. and means for varying the number of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposed on the stator.

l0. An alternate current motor comprising the combination of' a rotor, a stator, a winding on the rotor connected to a commutator, said winding doing duty along one axis as arniatiire winding and as field winding along another axis, short-circuited armature brushesv on the said coininutator,

a source of field brushes lon the said eonnnutator displaced with regardto the armature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately in the axis of the short-circuited armature brushes, a field windingr on the stator approximately in the axis of the field brushes, an auxiliary winding disposed on the stator and adapted to provide a compensating' E. M. F. the said main stator winding'. stator field winding' and rotor field winding l connected in series relation and across the mains. a switch for short-circuiting that part ot the field winding which is disposed on the rotor and between the field brushes so as to include the said auxiliary stator winding' in this closedcircuit ll. An alternate current motor ing' the con'ibination of' a rotor. a stator, a vinding on the rotor connected to a coninnttator, ysaid winding' doing' duty along on 1. axis as armature winding and as field along another axis. short-circuited armature brushes on the said commutator.

displaced with regard to the armature brushes. stator approximately in the axis of the. short-circuitet armature comprisllO brushes, a field winding on the' stator approximately in the axis of the Held brushes, an auxiliary Winding disposed on the stator and adapted to provide a compensating E. M. F., the 'said main stator Winding, stator field winding, rotor field winding and auxiliary statorwinding being all connected in' series relation and across the xnains,' a switch for short-Ci'reniting that part of the field winding which is disposed on the rotor and bet-Ween the ,field brushes so as to include the said auxiliary statorlwinding in this closed circuit. y

lZfAnl alternate current motor comprising the combination of a rotor, a stator, a Winding on ythe rotor connected to a commutator, said Windin doing duty along one axis as armature Win ing andas field Winding along another axis, sliort-cireuited armature brushes on the said commutator, field vbrushes on the said.vcomniutator displaced with regard to the armature brushes, a main winding on the stator approximately' in the axis of the-short-ciruited arrnature' brushes',

'a field winding on thestator approximately in the 'axis of the field brushes, an auxiliary winding disposed on the stator and adapted to provide a compensatingA E. F.,the said main stator Winding, stator field Winding, rotor field winding and auxiliary ,stator Winding being all connected in series relation and across the mains, v a switch for sbortcircuiting that (part of the field Winding 'which is dispose on the rotor and b ef tween the field brushes so as to include the said auxiliary stator Winding in this 4closed circuit, and means for varying the number of turns of that part of the field winding which is disposed on the stator.

In Witness Whereofq have hereunto signed my name in presence ofL two y subscribing witnesses. VALERE ALFRED FYNN. 'Witnessesz a,

ROBERT MILTON SHEARPOINT, ALFRED BEESLEY CAMPBELL.

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