US946413A - Electrical-circuit protector. - Google Patents

Description

1%, WIESINGER.

ELEGTRIGAL CIRCUIT PROTECTOR.

APPLICATION FILED 13110.29, 1903.

Patented Jan. 11, 1910 [/1126/ f imam 2 2 SHEBTSSHEET 1.

* QlEEAl R. WIESINGER. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT PROTECTORJ APPLICATION FILED DEC.29,1903.

UNITED STATES OFFICE- mam) WIESINGER, or ADRIAN, MICHIGAN, Assrenon 'ro WILLIAMQ- Naomi, or

. TOLEDO, OHIO. V

ELECTRICAL-CIRCUIT rao'rno'roa 7 Specification of Letters'latent. Patented Jan, 11, 1910. Application filed December 29, 1903. Serial N6. 187,029.

To all whom it may concern:-

Be it knownthat I, RICHARD Wmsrnonn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Adrian, in the county of Lenawee and State of Michigan, have invented a certain newaud useful Improvement in Electrical-Circuit Protectors, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specifica tron. r

- My invention relates to apparatus for protecting electrical circuits such as. telephone, police telegraph, fire alarm-and the like from the injurious effects of unduly strong cur rents such as are likely to escape from power and lighting circuits.

-Prominent objects of the invention are to provide a simple, practical and 1nexpeusire-device of this kind; andto avoid the necessity of having to repair or replace the same or any of its parts after operation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view partly in elevationa-ndpartly in section, of a portion of protective apparatus adapted for use at a central exchange, embodying my present invention; Fig. is a plan view of a portion ofthe same; Fig. .3

is a plan view of a protective device embodying my invention, adapted for use-at an outlying or subscribers station; Fig: 4-- is a cross section taken on line H inFig. :3; Fig. 5 is a diagrammaticview showing a telephone system protected by protectors embmlying-my present invention; Fig.6 is a diagrammatic view of a modified form of construction. Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2,1 is. a

' vertically arranged flat standard or upright on which the various protective devices are mounted inbank at a central exchange. Two blocks 2, 2- inadeof insulating material, 2 are shown secured to the opposite sides of the upright 1. Each of these blocks supports a protective device embodying my present invention, and as these are the same,

a description of one will suffice for both. i

are understood to come from the switch' The block" is provided with three clips 3, 1

and 5 onfits upper face, and three similar i and project a short distance into the in-, terior of the cylinder 8. solder 14 is confined in thecylinder 8 and under normal conditions is maintained in the upper'end, of the cylinder by engaging with the projecting ends of the pins 10, 11,

1 12 and 13. A coil ofwire 15 is'wound aboutthe cylinder .8. and has its opposite ends conand 3 are wider thanthe other clips,'aind shown in FighQ, so that when the barrel cartridge is inserted between the clips as nect with the clip 3; the pin 11'is between the clips 3 and 4; the pin 12 is in contact with the. clip at; and the rod 9 in contact device the clip 3 is in contactwith the rod 9 and pin 10".; the clip 4;. with the pin 11; and the clip 5" with the pin 13. The device thus constructedis arranged .asshown, one on each side ofthe upright 1, and other d-e' this upright in bank to any desired number.

The individual device-,.that isthe one intended" for use at, the ol'itlying' or' sub l scribers station,'is shown in Figs. 3 and i 4. This device has a base'B provided with: an upright 16 to which is secured an in .sulating block 17. Two sets of clips similar to those previously described in connection with the bank apparatus, are secured to the These two a telephone circuit in Fig. in this figure are shown twocondncto'rs l8 and 1!) which board of the exchange. They run to two protective devices 6) and C at the exchange, i which devides areiunderstood to-be a pair of protectors such. as previously described and shown in .1 and 2. conveniently This'cartridge' com prises'upper and lower the latterar'e tapered at their ends, all as shown in Fig. 1, the rod 9? and pin 10 com with the clip 5. And at the lower end of the upper and lower faces of the block devices are shown connectedun disks or heads towhich-they areapplied, I

A quantity of nccted with the rods 9 and 9 The clips 3 vices of the same sort are arranged-upon l mounted on opposite sides t an upright 1' L conductors 23, 24 with clips 4:, 4 of the del.

" 31 being formed in part by the ground con-- 3o Under ordinary conditions the two sides of I with the inner surface of the cylinder 8,

for opposite sides "of the same circuit.- These conductors 18 and 19 areiconnected 4 with the clips4 4 (Figs. land 2) ofthe two-protective devices 0 and C, so that these clips may be said to be connected with the instrument. Line wires 20 andfll are extended from the two protective, devices toa subscribers station where they are connected with the clips 5, 5 of two protective devices D, D, which together form an individualprotective device such as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. These line wires 20 and-21 are desirably provided vith fuses 22, 22 which it will be. seenare between the two protective devicesand therefore-outside of each set. A tclephoneE is shown at the subscribers station, and is connected bv '-vices.D, D The clips 4*, 4* of the devices D, DIare connected by conductors 25, '26 with "ground. The clips 43, 4 of the de- 5 vices C, C at the central station, are con- 'nected by conductors 27,428 -witlnground, and the clips 5; 5 of these" devices are' connected by conductors 29 and 30 with an alarm circuit'31', having an alarm device i 32"ai1d local battery 33, the alarm circuit nection 28. The circuit and device connected up in this way operate as follows.

the subscribers circuit are made continuous through the two sets of protective devices, the mass oft-solder -let-being in an. uppermost .position in each protective device, and forming connections between the various pins at the tops of thedevices. For instance, referring to Fig. 1, the circuit is made from the conductor connected with the clip 5, which on reference to Fig. 5 will be seen to be the line wire 20; from said clip 5-to the rod 9-; thence through thecoil to the rod 9; thence to the clip 3 and by way of the'same to the pin 10; thence through'the mass of solder 14 to the pin 12; thcnee to the clip 4 and from the latter .to I

the s'ivh dfilioard. tioncan be traced through the other proi t'ective devices. When now an unduly strong current traverses the circuit, one or I more of the coils 15 will become heated to such an extent as tosoften the mass of solder 14 of the device of which such coil -is a art. This solder finally becomes so soft t at it loses its grip on the pins. l0, l1, l2 and. 13 and alsoloses frictional contact whereupon it drops to the bottom of the barrel cartridge. vIn so doing it :breaks'the electrical connection between. tlie pins 10 and 12 and thereby-opens thelcircuit betweenthese pins and the clips lj andst with l which they are connected. Thus the circuit .becomes opened. between the line and the '65 instrument in the device where this opera the coils 15 In a similar way connec- -tion has occurred. If it occurs in more than 'one'j'de'vice, the circuit becomes openedat a plurality of points, according to thenumber ofdevices operated. Any mass of solder 14,011 fallingto thefbott'o m of. the device, rests upon the lower head. thereof and embeds the projecting ends of the'pins' 10, 11, -12 and-13 in itself, thereby making connection electrically between said pins.

In the case of the devices C, G at the cen- 7&- tral station,this brings about a connection between the pins 11? and 13, and thereby, by meansof, the clips lf, and 5*, grounds the line side of the circuit and also operates the local alarm device In'the case-of so the-devices D, D at the subscribers station, the line side of the circuit is connected with the pins 11?, l1 and thus by means of, the clipset, t, the line i connected with ground. .Thus it will be seen that the arrangement above described operates to open the circuit and also to ground the same at either the subscribers or the central'station,- and also operates an alarm device at the central station. x he grounding of the line will, as iseo customary in protective systems of this kind,; allow the fuses 22,- 22 to'become blown. After the operation of any one of the devices the barrel cartridge A thereof will be taken out/and turned upside down and re- 9 placed again in position between the clips of the device. Upon doing so the circuit is again restored to-its original condition and is ready for another operation.

In Fig. 6 a slightly-modified form of de- 10? vice is shown, in a somewhat modified at ra-ngement. The protective devices F and Gr are the same as the devices reviously described, except that in place 0 the wire coils 15, a ring of graphite 35 is substituted as the 10. heating' or heat concentrating niediumor device. And these graphite rings make connection with the metal rods extending be-., tween the ends of the'barrel cartridge just as were connected therewith. .Two. line wires 20* and 21 are shown extended from the switchboard to the subscribers in.- strument I). From these line wires conductors 3,6, 37, 36 and 37 are extended in shunt and connected with therods 9 and 9 1 of the two protective ,devices, it being understood that suitable clips are provided in the mormting of these devices for sucttpurpose. From. the central station protective device F, coifxductors 38 and 39 are extended, the same being connectedwith the middle pins 11 and 12 of the device. The conductor 39- extends to ground and at the same time with the conductor 38 forms an alarm circuit including an alarm device 40 and a local battery 41. From the subscribers protectorG a conductor'42extends to ground, the same being connected with the pin 11". In the mountings of both protectors, clipsfareprovided to connect-T'the rods Qffanditlfiwiththe I them. operates, it opens the shunt in'which j it is included.

At the same time the lineis grounded "by each device-.so that the unduly strong current is shunted away from the instrument to round andif of sufiicient intensity, the uses 22... 22 are operated. In addition the device F at the central station closes the alarmcircuitso as to call the at tentionof an attendant to the fact that the device has operated:

From the foregoing it will be seen that the deviceis exceedingly simple and easy and inexpensiveto construct; thatit operates with efficiency and effectiveness; and

that there is no necessity after operation of repairing the device or replacing any of its parts, the barrel cartridge simply being inverted. It will also be seen that the device can be connected in any desired manner so as'to operate in series or in shunt or in other ways.

It will be understood that changes and modifications can be made both in the protective device proper and in the circuit arrangements without departing from the spirit of my invention. a 1

1; In an electriccircuit, a heat cartridge provided with abody or mass of softenable or fusible material normally held in suspense but released under an excess of heat. and means whereby the circuit conditions are changed on the descent of said body or mass and then restored by a reversal of the cartridge.

2. In an electric circuit, a reversiliileincinber provided therein with a mass of softenable or fusible material held normally in suspense but permitted to fall under an excess of heat, meanswhereby the circuit conditions are changed on the descent of said mass. and. means whereby the device is placed in conditioi for another operation on being reversed after such descent.

.-'In apparatus of the class specified, a heat cartridge provided with a body or mass of softcnable or fusible material normally held in suspense but released onthe passage of an unduly strong current, and means whereby the circuit conditionsare temporarily changed and then restored on the descent of said body or mass and the reversal of the cartridge, substantially as described. nIii apparatus of the class specified,--a reversible heat cartridge provided with a or mass of softenable or fusible mate ff'al held normally in suspense but perniitted "tn fall-on the passage of an unduly strong current, means whereby tlie'cireuit conditions are changedby the descent of said body or mass, andmeans whereby the device is placedin condition for another operation on being reversedafter such descent. substantially as described.

In apparatus of the class specified, a.

heat cartridge comprisinga tubularfmemher containing a body or mass of heat 'suscep-y tiblelmaterial, a heat concentrating device. associated with said cylinder, and contacts at the top and bottom of the tubular member for making connection with the body or mass of heatsusceptible lllfittllal filllbfiifllltially as described.

6. In apparatus ofthe class specified, a

heat cartridge comprising. 'a bodily reversible tubular member, a conductor entirely confined in said tubular memb r and held normally in suspense therein but dapted to be released to permit it to fall by a moderate excess of heat,a heat concentratingdevice associated with sucli'incinber, and contacts at the top and bottom of-said member for malt} ing connection witht-he conduct-or at either end of the tubular member, substantially as described. I

. T. In apparatus of the class specified, a heat. cartridge comprising a bodily reversi- -blc tubular member, a conductor comprising fusible or softenable material confined therein, a heat concentrating device associated with said member, and contacts in the top and bottom of the member for making con nection with the soften'able' or fusible material at either end of the tubularmember. substantiallyas described.

S. In apparatus ot the' class specified. the

combination of a tubular member having insulating head or end pieces. contacts in said head or end pieces projecting into the interior of the tubular member, 'a-body or mass of conducting material softenable-or fusible-under a moderate excess. of heat said ,body or .niass being confined within the.

interior of the tubular'member, and arranged to make connection with the contacts pro-. ecting into the opposite ends of the same. and a'heat concentrating device associated with said tubular.member.' substantially as described. v

9. In apparatus of ithe class specified, a

heat cartridge compris'il l g a tubular member having insulating head or end pieces, metallic contact-pins inserted in andprojecting through said head or end .pieces,..a body or mass of solder confined within the tubular member, and a heat concentrating device associated with said tubular member, incoin- .bination withhnetallic clips or contactsarranged to make connection with the outer.

ends of said contact pins or projections. substantially as described.

a 10. In apparatus of the class specified,- a2

heat cartridge comprising an insulating tube. insulating end pieces attached thereto, rods 9 and 9 extending between said end pieces, a heat concentrating device arranged -ibont the insulating tube, a body or mass: of solder softenable material confined the rein, held confined therein, and metallic pinslO, ll, 12 normally in suspense'but released upon the and 13, and 10311, 12-and 13 inserted in, passage of an unduly strong current, and

the insulating end pieces and'projecting into means whereby said body or mass, on de the interior of the tube, substantially as described. I

ll. The combination with-an electric circuit, of protective devicesinoluded therein,

' normally in suspense but released upon theeach of saiddevices comprising a reversible I heat'cartridge having a body or mass of softenable material confined therein, held normally in suspense but released upon the passage of an unduly strong durrent, and means whereby said body or mass, on descending,

changes the condition. of said circuit, .sub-' stantially as described.

12. The combination with an electric circuit, of protective devices" included therein,

each of said devices comprising a reversible heat cartridge having a body or mass of .softenable material confined-therein, held normally'in suspense but released upon the passage of an unduly strong current, and means whereby said body or mass, on descending, opens said circuit, substantially as described- 1 y '13. The combination with an electric circuit of protective devices included therein,

each-of said devices comprising. a reversible heat cartridgebaving a body or. mass of softenabl'e' material confined therein, held, normally. in. suspense but released-upon the passage of an unduly strong current, and

passage of an unduly strong current, and

means whereby said body'or mass, on deiscending, grounds said circuit, substantially as described.

15. The combination with an electric circuit, of protective devices included therein, each of said devices comprising .a reversible heat cartridge having a body or mass of softenable material confined therein, held normally in suspense but released upon the.

passage of an unduly strong current, and means whereby said body or mass, on desoending, shunts said circuit, substantially as'described.

16. The combination with an electric cir .cuit, of protective devices included therein,

. heat concentrating device w prising, a shell having a. bodily descendible element entirely inclos'd therein and adapted to resolder itself similarly to its former operative-position in its descended condition.

18'. A device of the class described, having a bodily descendible element entirely confined therein'and arranged for release under undue external heatconditions, said device also resolderin itself similarly to its former operative condition in its descended position.

19. A device of the class s ecified, having a reversible member provide with a bodily descendible element which opcratively .re-.

solders itself in descended posltion, whereby on reversal of said member said element is in position to redescend said element being entirely confined within said member.

20. A device of the class specified, comprising a reversible heat cartridge provided with a bodily descendible' element which 0 erativelyresolders-itself in descended position, whereby onreversal of said cartridge said element is in position to redescend said element being confined within said cartridge.

21.. A device of the class specified, comprising a heat cartridge having a bodily descendible element entir'el confined therein which operatively resol ers itself in .descended position, and also provided with a I ereby said heat concentrating device will release said ele- 'ment and permit the same to descend, and

also whereby said, element will be resoldered in such descended position.

22. A reversible .device of the class described, having a movable element entirely confined therein adapted in alternative positions to effect like'circ'uit connections, and means whereby said element under the infiuence of gravity is permitted to assume its alternative rents of un ue strength through'said circuit connections.

In witness'whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name'this' 22ndday ofDecemberA. D.,

Witnesses;

JNo, E. Brno, CARL D. Ronni.

sitlon upon the. passa 'e of cur RICHARD WIESINGER.

Images