US9438043B2 - Airplane cabin environment management - Google Patents
Airplane cabin environment management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9438043B2 US9438043B2 US13/760,777 US201313760777A US9438043B2 US 9438043 B2 US9438043 B2 US 9438043B2 US 201313760777 A US201313760777 A US 201313760777A US 9438043 B2 US9438043 B2 US 9438043B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- power
- access points
- environmental
- environmental control
- preset threshold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004989 laser desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
- H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
-
- H02J3/005—
-
- H02J2003/001—
-
- H02J2003/388—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
-
- Y04S10/525—
-
- Y10T307/414—
Definitions
- Disclosed here in is a method to manage the load on an environmental control system.
- the utilization of power access points is restricted to manage the load on the environmental control system of a controlled environment, such as the cabin of an airplane.
- LDMSs Load Distribution and Management Systems
- This maximum capacity will typically be an element of an aircraft's initial design, updated with the inclusion or allowance of new systems that will add additional loads to the aircraft's ECS. In such cases the aircraft's ECS must then be re-evaluated and updated to reflect the possibility of additional loads in a worst-case loading scenario.
- the ECS will be oversized during normal operating conditions because it must be capable of handling the more onerous worst-case loading scenario.
- a disadvantage of this situation is that the size and weight of the ECS, and thus the overall weight of the aircraft and its fuel consumption, are increased, even though these increases provide limited benefit during normal operating conditions.
- Disclosed herein is a system that disables the availability of power to electric outlets and electronics so as to prevent additional thermal loads from being placed on an ECS that is under stress.
- One advantage of the present disclosure is that the overall capacity of an ECS, and thus its size and weight, can be relatively lower, while still maintaining consumer access to power outlets and other electronic devices during normal operating conditions.
- the disclosed systems and methods function to manage additional loads placed on ECSs by the utilization of power access points.
- Unused power access points are disabled when the load on the ECS, as a load proportional to its maximum load, exceeds a particular threshold. Forbidding the utilization of unused power access points prevents the creation of additional thermal loads that may otherwise cause the ECS to be overloaded.
- the power drawn from power access points or measurements of environmental conditions, or both can be utilized in addition to the proportion load on the ECS to determine whether unused power access points should be disabled.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating an embodiment of the disclosed system including a single environmental control system, power access points, and a device to determine whether unused power access points should be disabled.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating an embodiment of the disclosed system including multiple environmental control systems and grouped power access points.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating an embodiment of the disclosed system wherein a master control unit receives input from an environmental control system, an environmental monitoring device monitoring an environment and a power monitoring unit in order to determine whether unused power access points should be disabled.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustrating an embodiment of the invention having multiple environmental control systems, multiple environment zones, and an illustrative example of device grouping.
- a system's power source delivers power to power access points and to an environmental control system or systems.
- the power source may be a generator driven by an aircraft engine.
- Power access points can be optionally grouped, with each group being connected to the power source through a switch or series of devices.
- each passenger seat may have an individual outlet for the consumer, with each row of seats being connected to the power source through a single device.
- the proportional load on an ECS can be defined as the load on the ECS relative to a ceiling value, such as the ECS's maximum capacity.
- a control output representing the proportional load can be monitored. Such an output can, without limitation, optionally take the form of a linear function or a step function.
- This proportional control output can be compared to a preset threshold.
- the threshold can be preset by a variety of means and can be any chosen value. If the threshold is exceeded, unused power access points are disabled, preventing those power access points from being utilized and adding additional thermal loads on the ECS.
- the load on the ECS can be controlled by preventing users in the cabin from utilizing then currently unused power access points, such as consumer power outlets. When the proportional control output drops below the threshold, power can be restored to the disabled power access points.
- a sensor or sensors can be used to monitor the environment controlled by the ECS.
- different zones of the environment can be defined for monitoring and control.
- the power draw on the power access points, individually, in groups or as a whole, can also be measured. All or some of these measurements can optionally be utilized by a master control unit to control when unused power access points could be disabled.
- a maximum thermal load could be entered into a master control unit as a system maximum load and the load on the ECS and temperature monitors can be evaluated based on the system maximum. When this system maximum is reached, additional thermal loads caused by the use of power access points are precluded by sending a limit signal to all unused power access points. This in turn limits the thermal load on the aircraft ECS system to less than the maximum output of the ECS. When the maximum thermal load is less than the system maximum, power is restored to the disabled power access points because the ECS can then accept additional thermal loads.
- phase rotation among various power lines as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 8,295,065, titled, “System Control by Use of Phase Rotation Signaling” can optionally be used.
- the U.S. Pat. No. 8,295,065 is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- the disclosed system presents several advantages.
- the system mitigates the need to increase the size of an ECS when additional power access points are included.
- a smaller and less costly ECS can be utilized than would otherwise be necessary because additional thermal loads are prevented when the ECS is operating under stressing conditions.
- the additional weight saved by a smaller ECS is also advantageous, especially in vehicles such as aircraft.
- FIG. 1 depicts a schematic of a system utilizing a threshold compare device 101 .
- Power source 102 supplies power to power access points 103 and environmental control system 104 , which acts to control environment 105 .
- the environment can optionally be enclosed, as in the case of an airplane cabin.
- Power access points 103 may be consumer electrical outlets capable of powering consumer electronics, or other electronic devices such as aircraft in-flight entertainment units.
- Threshold compare device 101 measures the load that environmental control system 104 is under. If that load exceeds a preset threshold 106 then threshold compare device 101 sends a disable signal along control line 107 to control units 108 .
- the disable signal can take many different forms, including without limitation the sending or withholding of power in control line 107 , the phase rotation of power traveling through multiple power lines, or instructional data such as a binary command.
- control line 107 and control units 108 form sub-system 109 , the purpose of which is to manage power availability for power access points.
- Control units 108 disable power access points 103 that are not in use. If the load on environmental control system 104 drops below preset threshold 106 , then threshold compare device 101 sends an enable signal along control line 107 to control units 108 . Control units 108 then restore power to disabled power access points 103 .
- the enable signal can utilize the same mechanisms as the disable signal to effectuate this re-enabling.
- Sub-system 109 can take many different forms.
- multiple control lines can be used or one control unit can manage multiple power access points.
- FIG. 2 depicts a schematic of a system having multiple environmental control systems 201 operating to control environment 202 .
- Power source 203 delivers power to environmental control systems 201 .
- power source 203 also delivers power to power switches 204 , each of which is connected to a power access point 205 .
- Threshold compare device 206 receives a control output of the proportional loads that environmental control systems 201 are under. If that load exceeds a set threshold 207 then threshold compare device 206 signals power switches 204 to disable power access points 205 that are not in use.
- FIG. 3 depicts a schematic of a system including a master control unit 301 .
- Power source 302 delivers power to environmental control system 303 .
- power source 302 also delivers power through power monitor 304 , which is connected to power switches 305 , to power access points 306 .
- the summation of the power draw of power access points 306 can be described as the total power draw.
- Environmental monitor 307 measures an environmental condition within environment 308 . Such environmental conditions could include temperature, rate of temperature increase, ozone content, and the like. Alternatively, environmental monitor 307 could measure multiple environmental conditions or multiple environmental monitors could measure various environmental conditions within environment 308 .
- master control unit 301 receives inputs from power monitor 304 , environmental monitor 306 and environmental control system 303 .
- master control unit 301 can measure the electrical load on environmental control system 303 and inputs from either environmental monitor 307 or power monitor 304 .
- Master control unit 301 compares the total power draw of power access points 306 , as determined by power monitor 304 , to a power threshold 311 , the input from environmental monitor 307 to an environmental threshold 310 , and the load on environmental control system 303 to an ECS threshold 309 . If any condition exceeds its corresponding threshold, then master control unit 301 signals through power monitor 304 to power switches 305 that any power access points 306 that are not being used should be disabled. Alternatively, the system can compare one or more of the conditions.
- FIG. 4 depicts a schematic of a system with a master control unit 401 , multiple environmental zones 402 and multiple environmental control systems 403 . Any number of environmental zones can alternatively be used. Such environmental zones could be bounded by a physical boundary (such as an airtight membrane) or be multiple areas of one larger environment, without necessarily being precluded from overlapping.
- Power source 404 delivers power through power monitors 405 , each connected to multiple power switches 406 , to multiple power access points 407 .
- Environmental monitors 408 each monitor the temperature of one of the environment zones 402 .
- the master control unit 401 determines the total thermal load on environmental control systems 403 using input from environmental control systems 403 , environmental monitors 408 and power monitors 405 . If master control unit 401 determines that a preset total thermal load is exceeded, unused power access points 407 are disabled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/760,777 US9438043B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Airplane cabin environment management |
EP13194062.9A EP2765666B1 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-11-22 | Airplane cabin environment management |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/760,777 US9438043B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Airplane cabin environment management |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20140217811A1 US20140217811A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
US9438043B2 true US9438043B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
Family
ID=49683469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/760,777 Active 2034-09-01 US9438043B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Airplane cabin environment management |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9438043B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2765666B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9914548B1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-03-13 | Imagik International Corporation | USB power management and load distribution system |
US10994678B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-05-04 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method and system for the automated testing of electrical cabin loads in a cabin of an aircraft |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015020632A1 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc. | Smart power system |
US10256646B2 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-04-09 | Panasonic Avionics Corporation | Seat box power management |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4747041A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1988-05-24 | Unisys Corporation | Automatic power control system which automatically activates and deactivates power to selected peripheral devices based upon system requirement |
US5754445A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1998-05-19 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Load distribution and management system |
US6629428B1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method of heating for an aircraft electric environmental control system |
US6664656B2 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2003-12-16 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft electrical power distribution network |
US20040021371A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2004-02-05 | General Dynamics Ots (Aerospace), Inc. | System power control using multiple power levels |
US20070296273A1 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Power supply network with integrated undervoltage protection in a passenger aircraft |
US7564147B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2009-07-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electrical power distribution system and method with active load control |
US20100170262A1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-08 | Kaslusky Scott F | Aircraft power and thermal management system with electric co-generation |
US20120013177A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Michael Krenz | Methods for aircraft emergency power management |
US20120139341A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Jouper Jeffrey A | Enhanced load management and distribution system |
US8209101B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2012-06-26 | The Boeing Company | Method and system for adaptive power management |
US8237308B2 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2012-08-07 | The Boeing Company | Dynamic electrical load management |
US8295065B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2012-10-23 | Atronics Advanced Electronic Systems Corp. | System control by use of phase rotation signaling |
US8307224B2 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2012-11-06 | Apple Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for dynamic power control |
US8548713B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-10-01 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Power demand management |
-
2013
- 2013-02-06 US US13/760,777 patent/US9438043B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-22 EP EP13194062.9A patent/EP2765666B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4747041A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1988-05-24 | Unisys Corporation | Automatic power control system which automatically activates and deactivates power to selected peripheral devices based upon system requirement |
US5754445A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1998-05-19 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Load distribution and management system |
US6046513A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 2000-04-04 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Load distribution and management system |
US6664656B2 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2003-12-16 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft electrical power distribution network |
US20040021371A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2004-02-05 | General Dynamics Ots (Aerospace), Inc. | System power control using multiple power levels |
US6629428B1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method of heating for an aircraft electric environmental control system |
US7564147B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2009-07-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Electrical power distribution system and method with active load control |
US8307224B2 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2012-11-06 | Apple Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for dynamic power control |
US20070296273A1 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-27 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Power supply network with integrated undervoltage protection in a passenger aircraft |
US8209101B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2012-06-26 | The Boeing Company | Method and system for adaptive power management |
US8237308B2 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2012-08-07 | The Boeing Company | Dynamic electrical load management |
US8548713B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-10-01 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Power demand management |
US20100170262A1 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-08 | Kaslusky Scott F | Aircraft power and thermal management system with electric co-generation |
US8295065B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2012-10-23 | Atronics Advanced Electronic Systems Corp. | System control by use of phase rotation signaling |
US20120013177A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | Michael Krenz | Methods for aircraft emergency power management |
US20120139341A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Jouper Jeffrey A | Enhanced load management and distribution system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9914548B1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-03-13 | Imagik International Corporation | USB power management and load distribution system |
US10994678B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-05-04 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method and system for the automated testing of electrical cabin loads in a cabin of an aircraft |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2765666A3 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
US20140217811A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
EP2765666B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
EP2765666A2 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
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