US939366A

US939366A - Telemeter.

Info

Publication number: US939366A
Application number: US43631408A
Authority: US
Inventors: Heinrich Wild
Original assignee: Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH
Current assignee: Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH; Carl Zeiss AG
Priority date: 1908-06-02
Filing date: 1908-06-02
Publication date: 1909-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 1926-11-09

Description

H. WILD.

' TBLEMBTER.

.APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 2,1905

Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

H. WILD.

TELEMETER.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 2,1908.

939,366. Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

.taining an ocular prism system an onrrnn srn rns rarnn'r canton.

HEINRICH WILD, OF JENA, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF CARL ZEISS, OF

' JENA, GERMANY.

rnnnmnrnn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 9,1909.

Application filed June 2, 1908. Serial No. 486,314.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known thatl, HEINRICH WILD, a citizen of the German Empire, and residin at (larl-Zeiss strasse, Jena, in the Gran Duchy ofSaxe-Weimar, Germany, have invented a new and useful Telemeter, of which the following is a specification.

The invention consists in an improvement in telemeters, in which a middle casin contwo lateral casings each containing an objective system, that is to say, an objective lens and an objective prism, are connected together. The ocular prism system is situatedbefore or includes the two image fields and may either be arranged in front of two separate oculars, which constitute the ocular system in stereoscopic telemeters, or. in front of a common ocular, which constitutes the ocular system in coincidence telemeters. Telemeters of the kind referred to have the peculiarity, that unfavorable differences may occur in the temperature of the structural parts, which cause a displacement of the objective systems and the ocular prism sys tem relatively to each other in the direction of sight. Hence a relative displacement results, in the direction of the base line, of the images projected by the telescopes. This displacement of the images affords, however, derangement of the instrument, since by means of a displacement of the same kind adjustment had previously been obtained. The telemeters referred to are therefore according to the present invention equipped with an-appliance which indicates any derangement due to the said displacement' This indicating appliance does not increase the diameter of the telemeter, as it does not extend before the objective systems.

It comprises, as essential parts, a physical mark in each telescope, an optical system reproducing each physical mark in an optical one, viz.,inareal image, so that a pair of control marks is formed either from one optical and one physical mark or from the two optical marks, and another optical system for magnifying the pair of control marks. The physical marks may serve as the measuring marks of the telemeter, part of the reproducing system may be part of the telescopes proper and the magnifying system may serve as an ocular of the telemeter. Preferably the physical marks are arranged in the objective casings and the telemeter according to Fig. 5.

vention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical plan View of the telemeter according to Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a diagram of the field of view of the magnifying system, appertaining to the telemeter according to Figs. 1 and 2. F 1g. 4 is a diagram of the same field of view af ter displacement of the pair of control marks. Fig.' 5 is a diagrannnatical front View of a second stereoscopic telemeter. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatical plan view of the Fig. 7 is a diagram of the field of view of one of the oculars of the telemeter according to Figs. 5 and (3, both of which oculars may act as magnifying systems, the pair of control marks being in adjustment; Fig. 8 is adiagram of the same field of view after displacement of the pair of control marks. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical front v ew of a coincidence telcmeter constructed according to the invention. Fig. .10 is a diagrammatical plan view of the telemeter according to Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a diagram of the field of view of the magnifying system appertaining to the telemeter according to Figs. 9 and 10, the pair of control marks being in adjustment. Fig. 12 is a diagram of the same field of view after displacement of the pair of control marks. Fig. 13 1s a diagrammatic plan view of a second coincidence telemeter. Fig. 14 is a front View partly in section of a third stereoscopic telemeter. Fig. 15 is a horizontal section of the telemeter according to F ig. 14. Fig. 16 IS a diagram of the field of view 'of the left ocular equipped with two oculars for stereoscopic ,measurement. The simple refiectin ob ective prisms a are placed in front; 0' the objective lenses 1). .The ocular prism system consists of pentagonal optical square prisms c, which are provided with an image-erectiug ridge surface and are r'gidly connected by a plate 0. Each ocular consists ote field lens and an eye louse, between which n rhoinboidel prisin f is or winged. By rotat the oculars about the ones "of the field lenses adaptation to the interpupillary distance is obtained. The shitteble retracting prism g is the 1118l11' part of the measuring appliance. The physical marks h and. i belong to the indicating appliance, the mark h consisting of a. long vertical stroke and the mark of two shorter, but lll'TQW-iSG vertical, strokes, the said marks being "u'ovided on the objectives. The'lens 7c being the reproducing system projects a reel. image of the mark 2 on that place of the left objective lens, where the mark h is situated. This image and the mark h form the pair of control marks, the observation or which is isciliteted by the prism Z and the lenses m and it, .these three parts tt'orining together the magnifying system. So long the ocular prism system c 0 end the objetivc systems a b, a b have undergone, no relative displacement in the direction oi sight, the pair of control marks is seen in the position as represented in Fig. if, llOV-YQVGI, for in stance, the objective systems alone have moved toward the side of theobserver, the pair of control marks appears in the position as represented in Fig. 4i, because the lens is has taken no part in the movement and the image 2? (projected by this lens) of the mark 2' (moved along with its objective lens Z2) has therefore performed a movement in the opposite direction to the mark It. If the telemeter be then readjusted, for instance, with the assistance of an object of known distance, it is only necessary to restore the original relative position of the pair of control marks as shown in 3, for which purpose the shiftnble retracting prism o arranged between the mark and the lens Jr.

The objective systems of the teleineter ac cording; to 5 to 8 have pentagonal optical squire prisms a The ocular prism system consists of two image-erecting ridge.

prisms 0 For the indicating appliance no speciel physical marks are provided, but the physical components 10 of the stereoscopic measuring mark, which according to Fig. '2' are arranged one in the middle of each telescope image field, on "the hinder surfaces of t to prisms c serve as such marks. Each mark g) is reproduced in the plane of the other mark 1) by means of the parts c and Z) of its own telescope, the two .narrow prisms l and the parts Z) and c of the other telescope. Each mark 39 and the image p of the other (Fig. 7) form together :1 pair of control marks, because, as vill be easily seen, with any relative displaeen'ieiu', of the coincidence telenieter be substituted for the stereoscopic ocular prism system, one of the nun-ks can be dispensed with. The pair of control marks is in that case conmoscd from the individual physical marl; in the one telescope held and the image of this mark in. the other field. in the .PTLGSEZIE case of two pairs of control marks each ocular may be used as the magnifying system of the indicating upplisnce. it is expedient to have the operture of the telescope :ippertuiniiu; to the ocular chosen eloseo'. in observing the pair of control marks. Since the retracting prism g of the measuring appliance pairticipates in the reproduction. of both marks p, the said observation is only possible after having set the measuring ep tiliance upon the distance relatively to which the instrument has been adjusted, for instance, the distance infinity. it in this position of the measuring appliance the instrument otter adjust ment shows the pair of control marks lying one above the other as in Fig. 7,. :1 relative position of this pair as in Fig. 8 would indicate derangement, which has erisen--if this position of the marks he observed in the right ocular--lfron1 a displacement of the objective cesings toward the side of the observer. The prism 9 would then. have to be shifted-by setting the nieusuriu applienceuntil the pair of control marks has taken up its original relative position. To Ire-adjust the instrun'ient deranged by the said setting, it would be only further necesto place the index; of the measuring scale again. upon infinity.

in Figs. to 1.2, the objective prisms (1 Hal sqtmre prisms and each pro ided with. en imn. -,;eerecting Tie ocular pf system is u. separating prism of. well known form. it is composed of it simple reflecting prism and a prism f having" three reflecting surfaces, both prisms being cemented together. 'ihe lower half oi the cemented surface is formed as the reflecting separating surface and is distinguished inv Fig. 9 by shading. The separating prisms two reflecting prisms Z and Z and on objective 1* serve as the reproducing system and project real images it" and "5" (Figs. 11 and 12) of the marks it and 2'- in the iicld of view of the ocular d c. hose two optical marks represent the pair of control. marks, and the ocular m n represents the magnifying system. ll shows the pair of control marks in actual adjustment, Fig. 12 in derangement from the some cause supposed to have taken place in the or examples. The prism F can be moved, as indicated in Fig. 10, to I g'cthcr with the telcineter ocular 5 1; toward the left, by which {he indicating appliance is rendered inoperative and the tclemetcr available for its proper PUIPOSC. The action and manipulation of the n'ieasuring applk arrange the marks h and 2' on these prisms.

The ridge surfaces have been transferred from the objective prisms to the prisms and g of the separating system, but it wili be understood that this transfer has no infiuence upon the indicating appliance.

The stereoscopic telemeter according to Figs. 14: to 17 shows the pair of control marks h" and 71, as seen in Figs. 16 and 17, in a section of the image field of the left a telescope. As in the first example this pair presents a constant indication, because. its

relative position is not influenced by..the

measuring device. The real images k and 1." of the marks h andz arranged on the ob ectives compose the pair of control marks' They are projected by a two-part separating prism s t of the simplest form, which is arranged "on, the carrier 0" of the ocular prisms c and between these prisms. ()n theleft ocular prism a double prism a and on the ri lit a simple prism a iscemented, both for the purpose ofiproducing the connection between the marks h and z and the separating prism. s t, the double prism, however, with the further purpose of having a real image of the pair of control marks projected into the hinder surface of the left ocular prismc equipped with the physical component of the measuring mark, in which hinder surface the left telescope image is located. This real image is produced by the objective 1' arranged with a. reflecting prism Z behind the separating prism s t. The ocular of the left telescope is to be considered as the magnifying system of the indicating appliance. The pair of control marks is agaln expediently adjusted as shown in Fig. 16. A'movement of the objective casings toward the side of the observer must then entail an alteration of the relative position of the pair as shown in Fig. 17. To restore the original relative position of the pair of control marks and at the same time to re-adjust the instrument, the refracting prism 0 has only to be shifted, since this prism is concerned in the production of the reflected image 0" of the mark h in the same manner as in that of the left telescope image. The right telescope is equipped with the measuring appliance, which lies between the objective prism of and the objective lens 6. Its main part has the well known form of two equal refracting prisms g g rotatable in opposite di rections but through the same angle.

Regarding the mechanical arrangement according to F igs, 14 and 15, no explanation of the construction of the main casing is required, the external parts a of which represent the objective casings and the middle portion of which the ocular prism casing in h meaning of this specification. Therhzmboidal prisms f are each combined with an eye lens 6 in one casing. These ocular casings are connected with the ocular prism casing 0 so as to be each rotatablehbout the axis of the field lens (I. The movement of the retracting prisms g and 9 is effected by the axle of the measuring/ drui I and the bevel wheels w, m The re racting prism 0 can by rack and pinion operated by the knob 3 Fig. let, be shifted on the slide rest 2.

I claim:

1. In a telemeter consisting of two telescopes the combination with two objective systems, an ocular prism system, an ocular system and a measuring appliance, of a middle casing containing the ocular prism system,,two lateral casings containing the two objective systems and an appliance for indicatinga displacement of the ocular prism casing and the objective casings relatively to each other in the direction of sight, this appliance comprising two physical marks, located one in each telescope, a reproducing system for obtaining two optical marks by projecting a real image of each physical mark, an optical mark and one of the remaining three marks being placed together in a convenient configuration so as to form a pair of control marks, and a magnifying system for this pair.

2. In a telemeter consisting of two telescopesthe combination with two objective systems, an ocular prism spstem, an ocular system and a measuring appliance, of a middle casing containing the ocular prism sys tem, two lateral casings containing the two objective systems, two physical marks located one in each objective casing, a reproducing system located in the ocular prism casing for obtaining two optical marks by projecting a real image of each physical mark, an optical mark and one, of the remaining three marks being placed to gether in a convenient configuration so as to form a pair of control marks, and a magnifying system applied to this pair. I I

3. In a telemeter consisting of two telescopes the combination with two objective systems, an ocular prism system, an ocular system and a measuring appliance, of a middle casing containing the ocular prism system, two lateral casings containing the two objective systems,,l.1t;wo physical marks located one in each objective casing, a reproducing system, located in the ocular risni zisii r z i I inli' 2m n u 1 1 g in 1 1d i ng a. L img prism system, for obtaining two opiiical niarkr by projecting 2i real image of each physical mark, (hose two optical marks being placed iogeihei in a convenient configuration so as to form a pair of control marks, and a magnifying system applied to this pair. V

i. In a oeparafiing prism :elometer the combination 'Wi'ii two objective systems, an. ocular prism syotenn an ocular system and; :1, iueaiuring appliance, of a middle casing (:oni'uining the so Hunting prism system, two iatcmi cming's containing the two objective sys ems two physical Plii-lks looui'od one in each obfioci'ivo cos-11mg a reproducing ssybton located in the 5: viating' prism casing and including the sepzii'ziiing prism system of tho telenioteig for obfiining two optical marks by projecting 2 iron]. image of each physical inzzrlg these two optimal nnuks being placed together in a convenient configurriiion so as to form a pair of control marks and mug nifying sysi'em zi tipiiod i0 this pair.

W itnessos PA UL Autism, FRITZ SA}; min.