US938162A - Astronomical apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

J. G. MOORE.

ASTEONOMIOAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED APR-30. 1908.

WITNESSE-S:

J. G. MOORE. ASTRONOMIGAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED APE.30,1908.

WITNESSES J2 sse Q M 00% ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JESSE C. MOORE, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO COLUMBIA SCHOOL SUPPLY COMPANY, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA.

ASTRONOMIGAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 26, 1909.

Application filed. April 30, 1908. Serial No. 430,048.

useful Astronomical Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts.

The object of this invention is to provide an astronomical apparatus for school use to illustrate the relative movements of the earth and other heavenly bodies. It includes the features of a tellurium, planetarium and lunarium, although some of the movements of the astronomical bodies in this device are not provided for by it, such, for instance, as the ellipticity of the earths orbit around the sun, the orbit of the earth in the device herein shown being circular for the sake of simplicity.

The chief feature of this invention consists in the simplicity of the structure and the means insuring the positiveness of action of the various parts so that it will be a practical device for school use. The parts are strong and driven by gearing, as a rule, and the device is a very simple one for making the many demonstrations for which it is qualified.

This device moves the earth around the sun in a circular orbit and said movement simultaneously causes the diurnal movement of the earth, the annular changes of position of the earth with reference to the sun, the changes of the position of the moon with reference to the earth and sun, and also the changes of position of one of the other planets with reference to the sun and earth. It may be added that the proportionalmovements of the various parts of the device are arbitrary in order to render the device practical.

The full nature of this invention will be understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side eleva-v tion of the device. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section through the mounting of the sun, parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the device. Fig. 4 is a simple vertical section through the means for the mounting of the earth and moon. Fig. 5

disk 48.

is a central section, substantially vertical, through the means for mounting the earth on the arm that carries it.

The stand has a vertical bearing 11 centrally secured in it on which the station ary disk 12 is secured, said disk having an annular rack 13 on its upper side. The sun 14 is mounted on the bolt 15 that screws into the stationary bearing 11 to which the sun is removably secured. A rotary disk 17 is mounted on the bolt 15 with a downwardly extending rack 18 over the rack 13 so that the pinion 19 will mesh with both racks, as seen in Fig. 2. To the disk 17 a rod 20- is secured that carries on its outer end a planet 21 which may represent Mars. This planet 21 is revoluble around the sun 14 by the revolution of the disk 17. A horizontal bar is mounted on the stand 10 below the disk 12 and revolves about the bearing 11. It has a handle 31 whereby it may be revolved. Two posts 32 extend upwardly from said bar 30 and in them a shaft 33 is mounted on which the pinion 19 is secured. The end of said shaft has also a bearing in a collar or spacer 34 surrounding the bolt 15.

On the outer end of the bar 30, as shown in Fig. 4, the stationary bolt 46 is secured. About the lower portion of this bolt a sleeve 47 is mounted that has a disk 48 at 'its lower end which rests upon the bar 30.

Said disk has an annular rack 49 on its upper side which is engaged by the pinion 50 secured on the shaft 33. Another sleeve 51 surrounds the lower part of the sleeve 47 and on the lower end of the sleeve 51 there is another disk 52 that rests upon the lower The disk 52 has an annular rack 53 on its upper side that is engaged and driven by the pinion 54 that is also secured to the shaft 33. There is a loose collar 55 resting upon the disk 52 and surrounding the sleeve 51 and in which the end of the shaft 33 has bearing.

The earth is mounted on the rectangular arm 61 that extends rigidly from the collar 62, which is held by a set-screw 63 on the upper end of the sleeve 47. Therefore, the arm 61 with the earth on it revolves about the bolt 46 by the power transmitted to the disk 48 through the pinion 50 and shaft 33. The earth is mounted rota-tably on the upper part of the arm 61, that is, there is an upwardly extending tube form- V the sleeve 51.: Themoon is held in the-right: relation to. the earth. by a=spur 74 extending upward. from. the rod 71 and riding upon the disk: 75 that is secured tothe sleeve 47. This disk. 75.is almost horizontal but not quite so,

ing a part of said arm 61 in which a pin 63 loosely projects With a shoulder 64=-thereon that is surrounded by rubber or like material 65 Which frictionally engages the hori zontal disk or Wheel 66 secured on the upper end of the bolt 46. The arm 61 is so'shaped that it supports the ball. 60, Which represents the earth, With its axis inclined at an angle of 23 degrees to a horizontal line or to the Wheel 66. The frictional engagement of' therubber 65 on. the-Wheel 66" causes thero tation of the ball 6O to represent the diurnal rotation of the earth.

A ball 7 Orepresenting the moon: is mount- .ed on. vairectangular rod '71 Wltll'dtS inner end yoked and pivoted. to each side of acol-l lar.72 Which is secured on: the upper end of being-tilted 'ata slight angle to a horizontal plane. Therefore, as the moonrevolves around the earth,.its vertical position in this device graduallychanges by reason-of the inclined diskon Which the spur 74: rides.

Thevmode: of operation. is as follows:

With the operators hand on the handle 31: .of the bar 30, said bar is slowly revolved and 1 as .it revolves the pinion 19 is rotated .by

reason .ofits engagement With the stationary.rack 13, and, therefore, the disk 17 .is revolved and thusrthe planet 21-caused to revolve about the-sun.:. The rotation. of the pinion. 19 actuates the shaft 33 and: it simul-' I taneously revolves the disks 48 and .52. The

rotation. of the disk 48 causes the earth -.to

revolve about. a .vertical axis through. the :bolt 46"and-iby reasonuof :theengagement of part 64 from the earth 6O With the stationary; disk 66" the diurnal the rubber 65 on the rotation .of .the earth :is' caused lat" the same time. Thetrotation of the disk 52 causes t-he revolution of the moon about the-earth and the relation :of the-moon-tothe earth is regulated and-modified-by the inclined disk 7 5'on.Which the spur/7 1 rides. The relative movements of :thesevarious parts are pre.-' deterrnined'by the relative sizes of the gears.

What BI claimuas myinventi'on and desire to :secureby-Letters Patent is:

1.; An astronomical. apparatus for schools including aastand, a sun mounted thereon, a =hor1zontal bar mounted on said stand so as to beerevoluble horizontally, a stationary annular rack, a-.-revoluble disk With an: an-

nular rack registeringwith and opposite said stationary rack, a planet mounted in com- "nection with. said disk; a shaft mounted on:

said=revoluble arrnwith a pinion secured: thereto meshing With both of said racks, an earth arevolubly mounted ons :the outer endof said bar, and means actuated by'said shaft for causing the revolutionof :the earth :to-

"thereon. With an. annular rack With' a. central upwardlyextending sleeve, a pin-ion onsaid shaft forr engagingssai-d raok','.an:arm :se :cured to said .sleeve with its outerzend-iex tending: upwardly: at i an. angle of r about .23 degrees to. a vertical line; a portionzrotatably mounted on. the upwardly extending-part of said arm, an earth secured on said rotatable portion .of said arm, and .=a;.stationary disk mounted .on LSELiCl bearing, :bolt that friction-.- allysengages arotatable portion connected With :the earth for rotatingiitasitheearths.

revolves. 3. An astronomical-apparatus:for schoolsincluding a stand, 'a' sun mounteduthereony a '1 horizontal bar-.mounted on said- .standso as .to revolve horizontally, a:.stati onary .annular;

rack mounted in. conneotionrvvlth sa1d.stand,..95

a. shaft "mounted. .on-zsaidfbar .Wlth? a pinion thereon engaging With said rack, a vertical? bearing bolt? secured in the. outer ;end;of said bar, a horizontal-"disk revolubly mountedw thereon; with. an annular srackuvvith. a.-.cent-ral- .1 0 r upwardly extending! sleeve, av pinion "on said shaft forzengaging said rack, ansarmase-y cured-to: said-sleeve withiits outer 'end exetending upwardly 7 at an: :angle. of about. '23

degrees to:averticalline,a-second 'disk-.rev-. 1053.:

olubly mounted on the sleeve of thefirst. named disk'iand with :an annular rack 1 and central upwardly extending sleeve, a pinion." jon saidshaft for. revolving said -'last::menL-.

tioned :disk, a. rod .extendingzfrom said; last mentioned. sleeve and-revoluble thereby and a moon mounted. on said'ro'd. 4. Anastronomical apparatuszfor: schools-2 including: a stand, a'sun mounted thereon, a

horizontal bar mounted :onasaidrstand' so as to revolve horizontally, 'a stationaryannular. rack mounted in connection with' said stand,- a shaft mounted onw-said. bar-with a pinionfl thereon engaging With said rack, a vertical bearing bolt secured in the 'outer :endfof said bar, a- .horizontaludisk revolubly mounted:;, thereon With an annular :racklvvithi a central: upwardly extending sleeve, a pinion on saidshaftwfor engaging said raok,.i an arm. se

'cured'to said sleevewith its-*outnendaexatendingupwardlyat an angle-of about- 23 degrees to a'vertical line,"a=sec01:1d:.blisk:;rev-- :olubly mounted on the sleeve" of the firstu named disk and With :an annular rackfand;

:centrali upwardly extendingisleeve,:a-pinion:; 5

on said shaft for revolving said last men- I In Witness whereof, I have hereunto aftioned disk, a rod pivoted to said last menfixed my signature in the presence of the wit- 10 tioned sleeve, a moon mounted on the outer nesses herein named.

end of said rod a disk secured to said first mentioned sleeve and inclined at a slight JESSE MOORE angle to a horizontal plane, and a spur ex- Witnesses:

tending from said rod and riding upon said J. H. SWAN,

disk. I OLIVE BREEDEN.

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