US268512A - Tellurian - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

T. MQ DoNoUGH. TBLLURIAN.

No. 268,512. Patented Deo. 5, 1882.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

THOMAS MGDONOUGH, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOS.

TELLURIAN.

f SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,512, dated December 5, 1882.

Application filed July 13,1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS McDoNoUGn, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State'ot' lllinois, have invented certain Improvements in Educational Globes, of which the following is a specification. v

The improvements consist in means for im-` parting to the earth-globe a rotation upon its own axis during the time that it is revolving about the sun; in combining with the apparatus a miniature comet and means for maintaining the same with its tail constantly away from `the sun while being carried aroundthe same,

and in diagrams arrangedin relation to the revolving and non-revolving disks in such manner as to indicate the motion of the heavenly bodies in relation to each other.

.i Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents avertical section through the center of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a top plan view. ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the gearing by which Amotion is imparted tothe earth-globe and to the comet; Fig. 4, a view ot' the miniature comet.

A represents a stationary circular base-plate, provided at or near the outer edge with a oireular face, a., provided with monthly divisions, the signs of the zodiac, 85e., as in the original apparatus.

B represents athorizontal arm revolving upon a 'fixed axle at the center ot' the base A.

O represents a circular disk, secured rigidly,7 on the axle of the arm B above the latter, as shown. `Drepresents a second disk, preferably of the same size as the first, mounted land arranged to revolve horizontally upon the outer end of the arm B. The disks O andD are provided in their under edges with peripheral gearteeth, and are connected by autintermediate pinion, E, mounted upon the arm B, as shown, so that when the arm is rotated horizontally it will carry the outer disk bodily around the central disk, O, and atthesametime, through the intermediate pinion, E, cause the disk'D to be rotated upon its own axis. In

place, however, ot` the gearing shown for transmitting motion to the outer disk, anyother suitable appliances may be used for the same purpose. A simple substitute for the arrangement abovedescribed is thatrepresentediu dottedlinesin Fig.1, consisting simplyot' a grooved pulley, F, secured rigidlyin place at the center ot' the apparatus, and a pulley, Gr, secured to the axis of the-outer disk, D, the two pulleys being connected by means of a belt, H. frlhe stationary central disk, O, is provided with a vertical standard or socket at the center to receive the earth or the sun globe, as occasion may require, and is also provided outside of the center with one or more inclined sockets or standards, b, to which the globes may be applied, as required. `The outer rotating disk,D, is provided with an inclined revolving spindle,

I, desi gned-to sustainl the globe J, representing vssl and is provided on its lower end with an elastic pulley, K, engaging with and rotated by4 a circular rim or liange, L, which is for-med on the outer end of the revolving arm B concentric with the disk D. As the disk D is rotated upon its own axis it causes the pulley K to travel around the inner surface of the rin gor tlange L, whereby the spindle I is caused to rotate and revolve the earth uponits own axis.

It will thus be seen that as the earth-supporting spindle I is located eccentrically with reference to the disk D the earth receives a threefold motion: first, its motion bodily around the disk C; second, a motion bodily around the center of the disk D, whereby its path or orbit around the sun is rendered eccentric 5 and, third, the rotation upon its own axis.

While it is preferred to make use ot' 'the elastic pulley K, driven by frictional contact with the ring or flange L, a pinion may be substituted and the ring L provided with gear-teeth to act thereon. The elastic driving-wheel is preferred because ot' its cheapness and of the fact that it runs noiselessly, and also because it admits of theearth being readily turned by hand upon its axis, as is frequently necessary in order to secure the proper explanation of the phenomena represented by the apparatus.

For the purpose of illustrating clearly the motion of comets with referenti@ to the sun, the representative of which willfbe located at such IOO tending in opposite directions.

time at the center of the disk C, as represented' in Fig. 1, I provide the outer disk, D, with a vertical eccentrically-located revolving socket, M, sustaining a removable shaft or spindle, which bears on its upperenda miniature comet, N, having a point and an expanded tail ex- The lower end of the socket M, I provide with a` pinion, O, which gears into a pinion, P, journaled on the under side of the disk D, the pinion P in turn engaging with and receiving motion from a central pinion, Q, secured rigidly on the arm B. The revolution of the arm B carries the disk D,and thecometsustained thereby,around the sun. During this action the disk D revolves upon its own center on the arm B, and thus carries the pinions O and P around the pinion Q. The result of this action is that the pinions OV P Q cause the comet-sustaining socket M to revolve within the disk D in such manner that the comet is maintained with its tail constantly away from the sun while being carried around the same. This presentation of the comet constantly with its tail away from the sun is an essential feature of my apparatus, and is a proper illustration of the theories now generally accepted as to the motion of comets.

While it is preferred to operate the comet by means of three pinions, as described, it is manifest that other arrangements of driving-gear may be substituted therefor.

It will of course be understood that thecomet-supporting spindle is removable from the socket M, in which it is seated, and that each and all of the globes represented in the apparatus may be readily. removed from their seats. The supports for the various globes may consist ot' standards or pins upon the disk to enter sockets in the globes, or, as in my previous apparatus, the spindles attached rigidly to the globes and adapted to enter sockets on the disks.

For the purpose of facilitating the explanation of the phenomena illustrated by means of the apparatus, I provide the central stationary disk, C, with diagrams and graduations, as in disk.

l do not claim broadly the application of planetary diagrams to disks or dials. It will be perceived that in my apparatus a peculiar and important relationship and co-operation exist between the diagrams arranged upon the revolving disk D, as shown, and the other members of the apparatus, inasmuch as the diagrams are brought into such position and moved in such manner with respect to the position and movement of the globe as to indicate clearly the changing relationship of the various bodies.

In using the apparatus the earth-globe will be attached, as shown in Fig. 1, in a central or substantially central position over the center of the disk D, so that upon considering the diagram in connection therewith the Inove-f ments of the various planets with respect to the earth and the entire planetary system in respect to the sun will be readily understood.

An important feature of the apparatus consists in the fact that the outer disk having the plane diagrams thereon is revolved around the earth at the same time that the earth is revolved upon its own axis, and the earth and the diagrams both revolved around the sun, which will be located at the center of the system.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In combination with the central globe representing the sun, the revolving arm B, provided with the rim or .iiange L, the disk D, mounted upon the outer end of the arm B,

means, substantially as shown, for revolving the disk D upon its own axis, and the earthglobe having its spindle sustained by the disk D, and provided with a.pu lley engaging with t the circular rim L, as shown.

2. In combination with the central globe representing the sun, the disk D, the earth-globe J, sustained byv an inclined axis upon the disk D, and means, substantially as described, for revolving the disk D upon its own axis, and also revolving the earth-supporting spindle within the disk. l

3. In combination with the horizontal revolving arm B and the disk D, arranged to revolve thereon, the earth-globe J and its spindle I, provided with a frictional driving-pulley, K, arranged to co-operate with an annual rim upon the arm B, substantially as shown.

4. In combination with the disk D, revolving upon its axis by means substantially as described, a revolving spindle mounted upon said disk to support the earth-globe, and a frictional pulley and iiange, substantially as described, for imparting motion to said spindle. 5. In combination with a globe or equivalent device representing the sun,aminiaturecomet and mechanism, substantially as described, whereby the comet is revolved around the sun and maintained with its tail extended therefrom.

6. In combination with the revolving arm B, the disk D, and means, substantially as described, for revolving said disk upon the arm, the comet-sustaining spindle M and the gearwheels O P Q for operating the same, substantially as described and shown.

7. In combination with the sun-globe or its equivalent, the revolving arm B, disk D, the comet-sustaining spindle M, and means, substantially as described, for revolving the disk IOC IIO

i psr D upon its own axis, and at the same time re# volving the spindle M within the disk. p

8. In an apparatus for illustrating the movements of the heavenly bodies, a device representing the sun, a device representing the earth arranged to revolve around the sun, and a disk provided with' `diagrams representing the movements of the planetary bodies in relation to the earth, and means, substantially as described, for revolving said disk upon its 1o own axis beneath the earth While being carried with the latter around the sun.

THOMAS MCDONOUGH. Witnesses:

THOMAS KARN, GHAS. J. REED.

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