US932964A - Copperizing iron. - Google Patents
Copperizing iron. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US932964A US932964A US44908808A US1908449088A US932964A US 932964 A US932964 A US 932964A US 44908808 A US44908808 A US 44908808A US 1908449088 A US1908449088 A US 1908449088A US 932964 A US932964 A US 932964A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- copper
- copperizing
- bath
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical class O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095054 ammoniac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/30—Fluxes or coverings on molten baths
Definitions
- This invention which is an improvement on the methods described in my priorUnited States patent, Number 885,668, granted April 21, 1908, and in my British patent, Number 10,763, of 1899, relates to the com flashal treatment of iron in any form whether as plates, bars, tubes, wires, chains, castings, forgings or otherwise whereby it is coated with copper or an. alloy thereof uniforml and of the desired thickness.
- the coating effected is free from pinholes or flaws of any description and the copper or alloy does not become brittle.
- the main feature of the invention consists in the treatment on a commercial scale of heated iron with molten copper or alloy in the presence of a special flux consisting essentially of boracio acid, tartar and salammoniac, although it is preferred to employ as additional ingredients silica, washmg soda, borax, alum and n1ter.- If the copper is practically pure, a small proportion of zinc, tin lead or aluminum should be added.
- a special flux consisting essentially of boracio acid, tartar and salammoniac, although it is preferred to employ as additional ingredients silica, washmg soda, borax, alum and n1ter.- If the copper is practically pure, a small proportion of zinc, tin lead or aluminum should be added.
- sal-ammoniac or niter the best results are obtained by sprinkling same directly on to the hot surface to be treated v Without restricting myself to definite proportions I would state the following as a thoroughly practical flux Boracic acid 15 parts. Tartar
- the iron is pickled i. e. placed in a bath of sulfuric acid diluted with pater in proportion of about 1 of acid to 8 of water.
- the iron has a genuine rust-oxid of' such asurface as wire has owing to the fact sitates the employment of a' suitable furnace
- the wire is preferably 5 the iron is not pickled, then,- after immersion isprinkled with sand or a. mixture of sand and washing soda in the proportion of'16 to 7 cup or so of each of the latter to a bucket of charcoal).
- the plate isthen drawn out of the furnace and allowed to cool.
- cop erizing includes coating with a copper a1 0y or with a metal which will readily alloy with copper, such as silver or gold.
- the method of copperizing iron which consists in heating and lmmersing the iron in a bath of molten copper in the presence ofa flux composed of boracic acid, tartar,'salcertained the nature of my said invention I ammoniac, silica, washing soda, borax, alum,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Description
No Drawing.
UNITED sT-ArEs WILLIAM GEORGE CLARK, F GEELONG, VICTORIAQXUSTRALIA.
COPPERIZING IRON.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed Au ust is, 1908. Serial No. 449,088.
Patented Aug. 31, 1909.
- To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, VVT LIAM GEORGE CLARK, a subject of the Kin of Great Britain, residing at Albert Cofl ee Palace, Geelong, in the State of Victoria, Commonwealth of Australia, metal worker, have invented a certain new and useful Im roved Method of Copperizing Iron, of which the following isa specification. L
This invention which is an improvement on the methods described in my priorUnited States patent, Number 885,668, granted April 21, 1908, and in my British patent, Number 10,763, of 1899, relates to the com mercial treatment of iron in any form whether as plates, bars, tubes, wires, chains, castings, forgings or otherwise whereby it is coated with copper or an. alloy thereof uniforml and of the desired thickness. The coating effected is free from pinholes or flaws of any description and the copper or alloy does not become brittle.
The main feature of the invention consists in the treatment on a commercial scale of heated iron with molten copper or alloy in the presence of a special flux consisting essentially of boracio acid, tartar and salammoniac, although it is preferred to employ as additional ingredients silica, washmg soda, borax, alum and n1ter.- If the copper is practically pure, a small proportion of zinc, tin lead or aluminum should be added. When using sal-ammoniac or niter the best results are obtained by sprinkling same directly on to the hot surface to be treated v Without restricting myself to definite proportions I would state the following as a thoroughly practical flux Boracic acid 15 parts. Tartar 13 parts. Sal-ammoniac 4 parts.
the other ingredients are added a suitable mixture is The heating of the iron and the maintenance of the copper in a molten state necesbut this forms no part of the present invention and many known forms of reverbera toryfuirnace may be employed or modified according to circumstances, or to the preference of the operator. The only necessary condition is that there shall be suflicient heat to maintain the copper in a molten state.
For convenience I will first describe my invention as applied to the treatment of iron in the form of wire. pickled in a mineral acid such assulfuric or hydrochloric diluted in water in propor tion of l of ordinary acid and 80f water and then immersed in a saturated copperas solution a. e. a solution of commercial blue-stone in sulfuric acid (8 to 10 lbs. bluestone, 5 gallons water and 1} gallon sulfuric acid) It is then dried and run into the furnace so thatit gets heated before entering the bath of molten copper on the hearth of the furnace and on the top of said molten bath the flux before mentioned floats and assists in preventing oxidation. The wire passes through the fiux and bath of molten copper bath and below the surface, and the wire then passes up again and out the other side of the receptacle containing the molten metal and out of the furnace to be wound on reels."
Similar treatment is observed with iron in the form of thin sheets, which are first raised to'a cherry heat in the furnace before immersion in the molten bath, and are preferably agitated slightly in the bath.
Iron in the form of tubes or rods undergoes the same treatment except that they, like the thin plates just mentioned, do not pass under a bridge or guide in the bath.
iron'on it, it is not pickled but it is'passed through or immersed in the solution of copperas.- Y
If theiron has a clean shining surface that it has been drawn, then the iron is pickled i. e. placed in a bath of sulfuric acid diluted with pater in proportion of about 1 of acid to 8 of water.
in the copperas solution it is dried, and then under a bridge or guide extending across the If the iron has a genuine rust-oxid of' such asurface as wire has owing to the fact sitates the employment of a' suitable furnace The wire is preferably 5 the iron is not pickled, then,- after immersion isprinkled with sand or a. mixture of sand and washing soda in the proportion of'16 to 7 cup or so of each of the latter to a bucket of charcoal). The plate isthen drawn out of the furnace and allowed to cool. The
amount of copper employed determines the.
thickness of the coating.
-The expression iron throughout this specification 'is used in its widest sense and includes cast and wrought iron and steel of all descriptions.
The expression cop erizing includes coating with a copper a1 0y or with a metal which will readily alloy with copper, such as silver or gold.
The proportions expressed are to be taken as illustrative and not arbitrary, and the word acid refers to the ordinary commerc1al commodity. I
Having now partlcularly descrlbed and asand in what manner the same is to be per- :.formed, I declare that what I claim is V 1. The method of copperizing iron, which consists in heating and immersing the iron in a bath of molten copper in the presence of a flux composed essentially of boracic acid, tartar, and sal-ammoniac.
2. The method of copperizing iron, which consists in heating and lmmersing the iron in a bath of molten copper in the presence ofa flux composed of boracic acid, tartar,'salcertained the nature of my said invention I ammoniac, silica, washing soda, borax, alum,
and niter. v p
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set iny hand in presence of two subscribing witnessesf Witnesses:
DAVID FYFE GRIFFITHS, ALFRED J AMES DAY.
WILLIAM GEORGE CLARK. f
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44908808A US932964A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Copperizing iron. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44908808A US932964A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Copperizing iron. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US932964A true US932964A (en) | 1909-08-31 |
Family
ID=3001387
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44908808A Expired - Lifetime US932964A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Copperizing iron. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US932964A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2479798A (en) * | 1946-01-15 | 1949-08-23 | Rene D Wasserman | Welding fluxes |
-
1908
- 1908-08-18 US US44908808A patent/US932964A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2479798A (en) * | 1946-01-15 | 1949-08-23 | Rene D Wasserman | Welding fluxes |
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