US932296A - Electric furnace. - Google Patents

Description

G. G. LANDIS.

ELECTRIC FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8,1907.

932,296." Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. C. LANDIS.

ELEGTRIC FURNAGE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8.1907.

932,296, Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

- 2 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

30 on the line 66, Fig. Fig. 7

nmrnn sa'rns PAENT orrroa.

GILBERT G. LANDIS, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN PHOSPHORUS COMPANY, OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC FURNAOE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 8, 1907. Serial No. 367,034.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GILBERT C. LANDIs, a citizen of the United States, residing in York, Pennsylvania, have invented certain 5 Improvements in Electric Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

The objects of my invention are to so construct an electric melting furnace as to prevent the rapid burning away of the conduct- 101 ing lining of the furnace; to provide means for the even distribution of the material within the furnace, and to so design the furnace that there will be no arcing between the conducting lining and the bottom terminal, and also to provide means by which the tapping openings can be relined without dismantling the furnace. These objects I attain in the following manner, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in

which view on the line 33, Fig. 1; Fig. 4, is a sectional View of part of the furnace on the line M, Fig. 1; Fig. 5, is an enlarged sectional View of part of the furnace on the line 5-5, Fig. 6; Fig. 6, is a sectional view is a perspective view of one of the blocks forming the lining of the tappin openings, and Fig. 8, is an enlarged View of the gas seal for the adjustable carbon electrode.

A is the body of the furnace having a metallic shell a and a metallic bottom plate a turned up and secured to the shell, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

B is the non-conducting lining of fire clay,

or other suitable material, and C is the con-- ducting lining of carbon or other suitable material.

c is the working chamber of the furnace surrounded by the carbon lining C,,as shown.

D is the top plate and this top plate has an upwardly extending flange a5 and a downwardly extending flange d. This downwardly extending flange rests in an annular sealing trough a forming part of the casing 0 a of the furnace. This trough may contain Water or other suitable sealing agent to prevent the escape of fumes from the furnace between the top plate and the body. The flange d projecting above the top plate forms a tray for the reception of water or other cooling fluid so as to maintain the temperature of the top plate at a low point. The non-conducting lining 13 extends between the top plate and the carbon lining G, as shown, so that the carbon lining does not come in contact with the top plate or the inclosing casing.

Projecting diagonally from the top plate I) are feed tubes D. These feed tubes communicate with the furnace at opposite sides, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the material, will be fed evenly into the furnace, preventing the burning away of the lining due to uneven feeding.

E E are extensions of the tubes D and each extension has a vertically arranged branch to which is attached a hopper E for the reception of material.

In each tube D is a scraper e havlng a handle e of a suitable length to not only scrape the tubes clean, but to extend into the body of the furnace to break up any crust formed by the material in the working chamber c.

I is the carbon electrode suspendedfrom a vertically adjustable terminal I guided ln the present instance by rods iz' at each side and mounted on a neck (Z of the top plate D is a gas seal H consisting of two annular plates hh screwed into a ring 7L2, which 1s in turn secured to a flange on the neck 03 Patentedeing. 24, 1909.

A ring of non-conducting material is is mounted between this ring and the flange of the neck.

i is an annular plate adapted to enter the space between the two plates h/L. This space between the two plates hh can be filled with any Suitable sealing fluid or other sealing agent so as to prevent the escape of gas at this point.

Snrroundin the seal H is an annular vessel is, which. orms a chamber for the reception of any water or other sealing hquld which may overflow from the sealing chamber, thereby preventing such liquid from forming a short circuit between the carbon electrode and the cap plate of the furnace.

The particular form of terminal for the adjustable carbon forms the subject of a separate application for patent filed on the 3rd day .of April, 1907, Serial No. 366,152 and, therefore, I make no claim for this construction in this application.

Extending at a slight incline from the lower end of the working chamber 0 are tapping openings 0, which extend entirely through the carbon lining C, and I preferably form'necks a on each side of the casing A through which the tap holes 0 extend. The carbon lining is also carried into this neck, as shown at c and the non-conducting lining separates the carbon lining from the metal casing of the neck, as shown at 'b. The carbon lining is preferably extended to form a lip 0 beyond the end of the tapping opening, I provide blocks N,

which snugly fit the tapping openings and each block is perforated at n and the perforation is preferably tapered to allow for the free flow of fluid from the furnace and also to allow for the ready insertion of a tapered plug which closes the opening when it is desired to prevent the flow of material. This plug can be an ordinary wooden block as at n, Fig. 5.

The tapping openings are preferably made quadrangular in shape and the blocks are quadrangular to fit these openings, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. There is one block N placed in each tapping opening, as indicated in Fig. 1, and as the block wears it can be removed and another block inserted in its place; the new block being simply pushed into the tapping opening, or it can remain part way in the opening forming a clear tapping opening and allowing for the ready insertion of a closing plug.

It will be noticed on referring to Figs. 5 and 6, that I preferably place a piece of non-conducting material, as at 7), between the cap plate a of the neck and the body a of the neck, insulating the carbon lining from the casing at this point.

The furnace is. constructed in the following manner :-The metallic casing is first made complete without the top plate, then the fire brick lining is built within the metallic casing, after which the conducting lining of carbon, or other suitable material,

' is tamped in. When the lining reaches the point where the terminal is to be inserted a carbon terminal C is placed in position; the outer end projecting through the neck a and when the material is on a line with the tapping holes, wooden forms are placed in position, as well as a wooden form to produce the central working chamber. Then the non-conducting material is tamped in all around these forms and almost up to the top of the furnace, after which the fire brick is placed in position over the conducting material and the several forms withdrawn, leaving the central working chamber and the tapping openings. The top plate is then placed in position and the several connections made as illustrated in Fig. 1. Blocks are placed in the tapping openings so as to provide suitable passages through which the molten metal can flow and also provide a suitable tapered opening for the closing plug, which may be of wood or other suitable material.

The adjustable carbon electrode is preferably. made in sections, one section screw threaded into another, as illustrated, but the carbon electrode may, insome instances, be made in one piece and may be either circular or quadrangular in cross section.

As remarked above the charging openings are directly opposite each otherso that material will be evenly distributed in the furnace. My experience has been that with a furnace having a single charging opening the wear on the carbon lining of the furnace has been uneven; the side opposite the charging hole wearing away more rapidly than the charging side which shows very little wear. I found that the reason for 'this was due to the uneven manner of charging. The side where the ore is dropped is protected at all times by the mixture; the opposite side being very hot slag and unprotected. The iron of this very hot slag acts as a solvent on the carbon. This abnormal wearing away on the side opposite the charging opening shortened the life of the furnace lining, but I found by'having two charging openings, one opposite the other, and charging the furnace alternately that it not only caused an even wear upon the furnace but prolonged its life, causing the furnace to work very smoothly. In order to carry off the gases, I provide an opening D in the top plate at one side of one of the feed openings and this opening may be connected with any suitable conducting pipe or tube.

1. The combination in an electric furnace, of a conducting lining in which is formed a working chamber, with a carbon terminal extending under the working chamber and laterally through the walls of the furnace and embedded in the conducting lining, substantially as described.

2. The combination in an electric furnace, of a casing having a neck, a non-conducting lining within the casing, a carbon lining within the non-conducting lining and forming a working chamber, a tapping opening communicating with the bottom of the working chamber, and a carbon terminal cmbedded in the carbon lining and eigtending under the working chamber and laterally through the neck of the casing, substantially as described.

3. The combination in an electric furnace having a carbon lining forming a working chamber, of an inclined tapping opening extending laterally from the lower portion of the working chamber, means for closing the tapping opening, and a carbon terminal projecting from one side of the furnace, the inner portion of the terminal being embedded in the carbon lining, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a casing, a non conducting lining, a carbon lining within the non-conducting lining and forming a working chamber, two necks on the casing, the carbon lining extending into each neck, a tapping opening extending from the bottom of the Working chamber through one of the necks, and a carbon terminal embedded in the carbon lining and extending through the other neck, substantially as described.

5. The combination in an electric furnace, of a supporting structure, a conducting lining forming a working chamber, said chamber having a laterally extending tap hole passing through the lining, a perforated block mounted in said tap hole, an electrodewithin the furnace, a terminal therefor, and a second terminal electrically connected to the lining.

6. The combination in an electric furnace, of a lining of non-conducting material inclosing a lining of conducting material, the inner lining being shaped to form a working chamber, two tapping openings, each taping chamber to the outer surface of the fur-.

nace, and a perforated block mounted in each tapping opening, substantially as described.

7. The combination in an electric furnace, of a casing having three necks at the side thereof, a non-conducting lining within the casing and extending into the necks, a conducting lining within the non-conducting ping opening arranged at an incline and exlining and having portions extending into the necks surrounded by the non-conducting lining, said conducting lining forming a working chamber, two inclined tapping openings extending from the Working chamber through the non-conducting lining and into and through two of the necks, a carbon terminal embedded in the lining of the furnace under the working chamber and extending through the other neck, means for feeding material to the working chamber of the furnace, and a carbon electrode extending into the working chamber, substantially as described.

8. The combination in an electric furnace, of a casing, a flanged neck secured to the easing at one side of the furnace, a non-conducting lining in the furnace extending into the neck, a conducting lining in the furnace also extending into the neck, a tapping opening extending through the conducting lining and through the conducting materia in the neck, a cap late, and a' sheet of non-conductin-g materiall between the cap plate and the lining, substantially'as described.

9. The combination in an electric furnace, of a casing, a flanged neck secured to the casing at one side of the furnace, a non-conducting lining in the furnace extending into the neck, a conducting lining in the furnace also extending into the neck, a tapping opening extendin through the conducting lining and throug 1 the conducting materia in the neck, a cap plate, and a sheet of nonconducting material between the cap plate and the lining, a portion of the conducting lining extending through the cap plate and the sheet of non-conducting material so as to form a lip over which the molten metal will flow, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of .two subscribing witnesses.

GILBERT C. LANDIS.

WM. A. BARR.

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