US9271296B2 - Methods and devices for allocating resource blocks in an LTE network - Google Patents
Methods and devices for allocating resource blocks in an LTE network Download PDFInfo
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- H04W72/048—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/51—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on terminal or device properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
- H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
- H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
- H04W52/283—Power depending on the position of the mobile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
- H04W52/343—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading taking into account loading or congestion level
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
- H04W52/346—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
Definitions
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- Satellite wireless communications systems and methods are widely used for wireless communications. Satellite wireless communications systems and methods generally employ at least one space-based component, such as one or more satellites that are configured to wirelessly communicate with a plurality of user equipments (UEs).
- space-based component such as one or more satellites that are configured to wirelessly communicate with a plurality of user equipments (UEs).
- UEs user equipments
- a satellite wireless communications system or method may utilize a single antenna beam covering an entire area served by the system.
- multiple beams are provided, each of which can serve distinct geographical areas in the overall service region, to collectively serve an overall satellite footprint.
- a wireless architecture similar to that used in conventional terrestrial wireless systems and methods can be implemented in wireless satellite-based systems and methods.
- the satellite typically communicates with UEs over a bidirectional communications pathway, with wireless communication signals being communicated from the satellite to the UE over a downlink (DL) or forward link, and from the UE to the satellite over an uplink (UL) or return link.
- DL downlink
- UL uplink
- Terrestrial networks can enhance satellite system availability, efficiency and/or economic viability by terrestrially reusing at least some of the frequency bands that are allocated to satellite systems.
- it is known that it may be difficult for satellite systems to reliably serve densely populated areas, because the satellite signal may be blocked by high-rise structures and/or may not penetrate into buildings.
- the satellite spectrum may be underutilized or unutilized in such areas.
- the terrestrial reuse of at least some of a satellite band's frequencies can reduce or eliminate this potential problem.
- the capacity of the overall system can be increased significantly by the introduction of terrestrial reuse of a satellite band's frequencies, since terrestrial frequency reuse can be much denser than that of a satellite-only system.
- capacity can be enhanced where it may be mostly needed, i.e., densely populated urban/industrial/commercial areas.
- the overall system can become much more economically viable, as it may be able to serve a much larger subscriber base.
- Aggregate power control may be used when satellite frequencies are reused terrestrially to reduce or prevent radiation by the terrestrial network and the UEs from interfering with the satellite communications.
- aggregate power control have been described in other U.S. Patents.
- a satellite radiotelephone system includes a space-based component that is configured to communicate with multiple radiotelephones over multiple frequency bands and/or multiple air interfaces.
- An ancillary terrestrial network is configured to communicate terrestrially with the multiple radiotelephones over substantially the multiple frequency bands and/or substantially the multiple air interfaces.
- An aggregate radiated power controller is configured to limit an aggregate radiated power by the multiple radiotelephones to a maximum aggregate radiated power. See the common abstract of U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,706,826 and 7,113,778.
- an Ancillary Terrestrial Network includes at least one Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) that is configured to provide wireless communications using frequencies of a satellite frequency band.
- ATN provides communications based on a GSM, cdma2000 and/or W-CDMA air interface, under a constrained capacity measure.
- the capacity measure of the ATN may also be constrained when the ATN provides communications based on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) and/or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) air interface. Analogous methods of controlling an ATN also may be provided. See the abstract of U.S. Pat. No. 7,623,859.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed
- OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
- LTE networks include resource blocks that may be allocated to various user equipments (UEs).
- UEs user equipments
- a maximum number of UEs in the LTE network that are permitted to transmit in a time period using a given resource block may be determined according to an upper limit on the overall transmission power in the LTE network for the given resource block.
- the given resource block may be allocated in the time period to up to the maximum number of UEs based on each UE's geographic location within the network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit may be determined by selecting a transmit power level for each of the up to the maximum number of UEs such that a sum of the transmit power levels for the given resource block does not exceed a maximum aggregate transmit power.
- the UEs transmitting using the given resource block in the time period may be associated with multiple base stations.
- each resource block is allocated to a maximum of one UE per cell in the time period.
- Each UE that is permitted to transmit may be associated with one or more resource blocks in the time period.
- the given resource block may be allocated to up to the maximum number of UEs, each having the geographic location in a geographic region within the network.
- the time period may be a first time period
- the geographic region may be a first geographic region.
- the given resource block may be allocated to up to the maximum number of UEs each having the geographic location in a second geographic region within the network. The second geographic region may be different from the first geographic region.
- determining the maximum number of user equipments may include determining the maximum aggregate transmit power for the given resource block based on a power mask that is independent of the given resource block.
- the transmit power level for each of the up to the maximum number of UEs may be determined by selecting transmit power levels of the UEs that follow a Gaussian distribution.
- a maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected to be a deterministic maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- a maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be a randomly distributed maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be determined by selecting an average value of a Poisson distributed maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- determining the maximum number of user equipments may include determining the maximum aggregate transmit power for the given resource block based on a power mask that is dependent on the given resource block.
- the transmit power level for each of the up to the maximum number of UEs may be determined by selecting transmit power levels of the UEs that follow a Gaussian distribution.
- a maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected to be a deterministic maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- a maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be a randomly distributed maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be determined by selecting an average value of a Poisson distributed maximum number of UEs to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the resource blocks in the LTE network may each include twelve subcarriers in a frequency domain across at least one time slot.
- the time period may be a time slot of fixed duration.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in the time period using the given resource block may be determined to be different maximum numbers of UEs that are permitted to transmit using different resource blocks during the time period.
- the given resource block in the time period may be allocated to up to the maximum number of UEs based on each UE's geographic location within the network by allocating the different resource blocks in the time period to a different maximum number of UEs.
- the given resource block used by a UE in a cell may be selected based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) of the UE.
- the total transmit power of the UEs allocated to the given resource block may be estimated. Additionally, based on the estimate of total transmit power of the UEs, feedback may be provided to base stations in the LTE network, to adjust the number of UEs allocated to the given resource block.
- estimating the total transmit power of the UEs and providing feedback to the base stations may be performed by a controller.
- the controller may include a network power controller associated with all base stations in the LTE network.
- the controller may include a central power controller associated with base stations in a geographic region within the LTE network.
- One or more UEs may be configured to communicate with the controller.
- a UE may be configured to use the resource blocks that are allocated.
- controllers can be used in a LTE network to allow resource block allocation across a LTE network.
- Analogous resource block allocation computer program products may also be provided according to various embodiments described herein.
- the controller described herein may be used in combination with base stations.
- a base station may be configured to communicate with the controller described herein.
- the controller may be designed and integrated in a core network element that is reachable from all switching centers throughout the whole United States.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of wireless systems and methods according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating near and far effects on satellite interference, according to various embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating resource block allocation in a LTE network, according to various embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating determination of a maximum number of UEs permitted to transmit using a resource block, according to various embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating allocating a resource block up to a maximum number of UEs based on the UE's geographic location, according to various embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an L-Band spectrum plan for ancillary terrestrial network deployment.
- FIG. 7 is a table illustrating the emission requirement for each UL category.
- FIG. 8 is a table illustrating resource block power spectral density (PSD) limitations of an L-Band link.
- PSD resource block power spectral density
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of wireless communication systems and methods according to various embodiments described herein.
- these wireless systems and methods 100 include at least one Space-Based Component (SBC) 110 , such as a satellite.
- the wireless system may be an LTE network.
- the space-based component or satellite 110 is configured to transmit wireless communications to a plurality of user equipments (UEs) 120 in a satellite footprint comprising one or more cells 130 - 130 ′′′′ over one or more satellite wireless links.
- UEs user equipments
- cell 130 will refer collectively to one or more cells 130 - 130 ′′′′.
- the space-based component 110 is configured to receive wireless communications from, for example, a first UE 120 in the cell 130 over a satellite wireless return link.
- An ancillary terrestrial network comprising at least one ancillary terrestrial component and/or eNodeB and/or base station 140 , which may include an antenna and an electronics system, is configured to receive terrestrial communications from, for example, a second UE 120 in the cell 130 over the satellite wireless uplink.
- a second UE 120 may be communicating with the space-based component 110 while another UE 120 may be communicating with the ancillary terrestrial component 140 .
- the space-based component 110 also undesirably receives the wireless communications from the second UE 120 in the cell 130 as interference.
- embodiments of satellite wireless communications systems/methods 100 can include at least one gateway 160 that can include an antenna 160 a and an electronics system 160 b that can be connected to other networks 162 including terrestrial and/or other wireless networks.
- the gateway 160 also communicates with the space-based component 110 over a satellite feeder link 112 .
- the gateway 160 also communicates with the ancillary terrestrial component or base station 140 , generally over a terrestrial link 142 .
- FIG. 1 Various embodiments of the elements of FIG. 1 as described above are described for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,684,057; 6,785,543; 6,856,787; 6,859,652; 6,879,829; 6,892,068, 6,937,857, 6,999,720 and 7,006,789; 7,418,263; 7,447,501; 7,599,656; 7,603,081; and 8,249,585, the disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if set forth fully herein.
- a controller 180 may be in communication with base stations 140 in the LTE network. The controller 180 may allocate the resource blocks across a LTE network. The controller 180 may allocate a given resource block in the time period to up to a maximum number of UEs based on each UE's geographic location within the LTE network. Controller 180 may be part of the infrastructure of the wireless network (e.g. base station, eNodeB, Radio Access Network Node, and/or Mobile Switching Center), in the gateway, and/or in a stand-alone unit.
- the wireless network e.g. base station, eNodeB, Radio Access Network Node, and/or Mobile Switching Center
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating near and far effects on satellite interference.
- a UE 120 closer to the base station 140 may transmit with lower power while a UE 120 farther from the base station 140 may transmit with higher power. If the transmit power from all UEs 120 is the same, the interference to the victim satellite 110 ′ may be identical.
- the victim satellite may be a satellite 110 of the operator's own wireless satellite system or may be a satellite 110 ′ of another wireless satellite system.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating operations 301 that may be performed by a controller in an LTE network to allocate resource blocks. These operations, for example may be performed by controller 180 of FIG. 1 .
- a maximum number of UEs permitted to transmit in a time period using a given resource block may be determined. This maximum number of UEs permitted to transmit using a given resource block may be according to an upper limit on the overall transmission power in the LTE network for the given resource block.
- the allocation of the given resource block in the time period (such as in an LTE time slot) to up to the maximum number of UEs may be based on each UE's 120 geographic location within the network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit may be determined by selecting a transmit power level for each of the up to the maximum number of UEs such that a sum of the transmit power levels for the given resource block does not exceed a maximum aggregate transmit power.
- the UEs 120 transmitting using the given resource block in the time period may be associated with multiple base stations 140 .
- each resource block may be allocated to a maximum of one UE 120 per cell.
- Each UE 120 that is permitted to transmit may be associated with one or more resource blocks in the time period.
- the given resource block may be allocated to UEs 120 whose geographic location is in one or more geographic regions within the network, as illustrated in block 304 of FIG. 3 .
- a given resource block may be allocated during a first time period to UEs in a first geographic region and during a second time period to UEs in a second geographic region.
- the second geographic region may be different from the first geographic region.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating determination of a maximum number of UEs permitted to transmit using a resource block according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, which may correspond to block 302 of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- a transmit power level for each of the up to the maximum number of UEs may be selected such that a sum of the transmit power levels for the given resource block does not exceed a maximum aggregate transmit power.
- the maximum number of UEs may be determined by the maximum aggregate transmit power for the given resource block based on a power mask that is independent of the given resource block.
- the transmit power levels of the UEs 120 may be selected to follow a Gaussian distribution.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected to be a deterministic number of UEs 120 to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be a randomly distributed number of UEs 120 to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected such that an average value of a Poisson distributed maximum number of UEs are scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of user equipments may be determined by the maximum aggregate transmit power for the given resource block based on a power mask that is dependent on the given resource block.
- the transmit power levels of the UEs 120 may be selected to follow a Gaussian distribution.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected to be a deterministic number of UEs 120 to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be a randomly distributed number of UEs 120 to be scheduled over the LTE network.
- the maximum number of UEs that are permitted to transmit in a time period using the given resource block may be selected such that an average value of a Poisson distributed maximum number of UEs are scheduled over the LTE network.
- the resource blocks in the LTE network may each include one or more subcarriers in a frequency domain across at least one time slot. In some example embodiments, the resource blocks in the LTE network may each include twelve subcarriers in a frequency domain across at least one time slot.
- the time period may be a time slot of fixed duration. The time period may also vary in duration from one time slot to the next time slot.
- FIG. 4 illustrates other embodiments of determining a maximum number of UEs permitted to transmit in the time period using the given resource block, corresponding to block 403 .
- block 403 for different resource blocks, different maximum numbers of UEs that are permitted to transmit may be determined during a time period.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating allocating a resource block up to a maximum number of UEs based on the UE's 120 geographic location according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, which may correspond to block 303 of FIGS. 3 and 5 .
- allocating the given resource block in the time period to up to the maximum number of UEs based on each UE's 120 geographic location within the network may include allocating a different maximum number of UEs to different resource blocks in a time period.
- the resource block used by a UE 120 in a cell may be selected based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) of the UE 120 .
- the UEs 120 may be scheduled on the resource blocks with a power mask with lower sensitivities to the interference level.
- This approach is channel quality indicator (CQI) dependent resource block scheduling, which will be discussed in greater detail later in this disclosure.
- Allocating a given resource block may be based on estimating total transmit power of the UEs 120 allocated to the given resource block, as illustrated by block 503 of FIG. 5 .
- feedback may be provided to base stations 140 in the LTE network, based on the estimate of total transmit power of the UEs 120 allocated to a give resource block in order to adjust the number of UEs allocated to the given resource block, as illustrated in block 504 of FIG. 5 .
- Estimating the total transmit power of the UEs 120 may be performed by a controller 180 , as in FIG. 1 .
- the controller 180 may be a network power controller associated with one or more base stations 140 in the LTE network.
- the controller 180 may be a central power controller associated with one or more base stations 140 in one or more geographic regions within the LTE network.
- LightSquared a wireless operator
- LTE network an LTE network
- LightSquared is authorized to launch a nationwide 4G LTE terrestrial network in L-Band frequencies, as depicted in FIG. 6 .
- the LTE channels that LightSquared is authorized to deploy reuse spectrum coordinated with other Mobile SatelliteSystems (MSS) operations from, for example Inmarsat, Russia and Mexico.
- MSS Mobile SatelliteSystems
- the aggregate uplink (UL) LTE UE power transmission towards each of these satellite systems is limited by separate bi-lateral coordination agreements with them.
- the limit on total UL transmit power is calculated according to the proposed received power level by those satellite systems, and converted using standard values for path loss and fading from terrestrial terminals to satellite receivers.
- the proposed limits are different in different parts of the uplink spectrum, requiring a careful categorization and scheduling mechanism for UL LTE deployment.
- the frequencies requiring emission control may be divided into four categories based on how much aggregate emission control is tolerated.
- FIG. 7 depicts the tolerated power level at each sub-band categories.
- Priority 1 requires the highest level of emission control (lowest aggregate UL power, or the most restrictive UL traffic and power assignment by the scheduler), and priority 4 requires the least amount of emission control (highest aggregate UL power, or the least restrictive UL traffic and power assignment by the scheduler).
- the potentially non-contiguous spectrum covered by each of these priorities may be a sub-band. This sub-band classification and prioritizations are based on current requirements and can change over time. Therefore, the definition of sub-bands (in terms of center frequency and spectral width) and their assigned emission control priority may be operator configurable.
- every 12 OFDM subcarriers (15 KHz) in the frequency domain across one time slot (0.5 ms) in the time domain constitute a Resource Block (RB) of 180 KHz in frequency and 0.5 ms in time.
- RB Resource Block
- These numbers may comprise 25 resource blocks, 75 resource blocks, and 100 resource blocks, for 5 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz channel bandwidths respectively.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example mapping of the sub-bands listed in FIG. 7 into LTE resource block numbers for a 10 MHz channel.
- the Category column of FIG. 8 relates the four subcategories of sub-bands in FIG. 7 with the fifty resource blocks of a 10 MHz channel.
- category 1 resource blocks of FIG. 8 map to sub-category 1 of FIG. 7 with aggregate Power Spectral Density (PSD) limits of ⁇ 42.3 dBW/Hz
- category 2 resource blocks of FIG. 8 map to sub-category 2 of FIG. 7 with aggregate PSD limits of ⁇ 35.6 dBW/Hz.
- PSD Power Spectral Density
- Some solutions may be applied to this complicated problem. Some solutions attempt to address this issue by placing some restrictions on the uplink scheduler within a particular cell. However, the UEs may be distributed nationwide in a number of geographical areas in different locations. Thus, the control mechanisms may need to be distributed nationwide, which makes the task of scheduling and power control more challenging.
- a maximum number of UEs in the LTE network that are permitted to transmit in a time period using a given resource block may be determined according to an upper limit on the overall transmission power in the LTE network for the given resource block.
- the given resource block may be allocated in the time period to up to the maximum number of UEs based on each UE's geographic location within the network.
- N may be a total number of UEs 120 to be scheduled over the uplink in the whole nationwide network.
- the power of the UEs 120 (P n , n ⁇ 1, . . . , N ⁇ ) may be controlled by various embodiments described herein.
- the total transmit power by the UEs depicted by “P T ” is equal to
- a deterministic power control approach as illustrated in block 401 of FIG. 4 keeps the total power (P T ) below the given maximum power of P Max all the time.
- P T the total power
- P Max the maximum power
- probabilistic power control may be applied, where the total power (P T ) may be below the maximum power (P Max ) with a high probability: P[P T ⁇ P Max ] ⁇ (2) where ⁇ is a given small number.
- the total number of the UEs 120 that are scheduled on a link may be limited in any cell.
- the total number of the UEs 120 that are scheduled on a link across the LTE network may be limited.
- the power of the UE #n may be a random variable, which may depend on the distance of UE #n to the base station 140 that a UE 120 may be registered to.
- An approximate assumption may be made that the random variables P n are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d), as in block 402 or FIG. 4 .
- this assumption may not be a very accurate assumption since the powers of the UEs 120 located within the same cell 130 depend on each other through the power control mechanism.
- the assumption may be made that the power control mechanisms of multiple cells are independent.
- the assumption of independence, and therefore, i.i.d. random variables is possible in some embodiments.
- N may be a deterministic variable.
- CLT Central Limit Theorem
- the total transmitted power by the UEs 120 (P T ) may follow a Gaussian distribution as follows: P T ⁇ ( N ⁇ P ,N ⁇ P 2 ) (3)
- equation (2) may be rewritten as follows:
- equation (4) may be rewritten as:
- Equation (5) may be solved for N*, the maximum number of UEs that can be scheduled on the link across the LTE network. Equation (5) may be solved for N. Equation (5) can be re-written as follows:
- Equving for N* equation (9) may be rewritten as:
- N * 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 + 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P 2 ⁇ P Max - 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 + 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P ⁇ P Max 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ P 2 ( 10 )
- OAM Operations & Management
- a mechanism may be needed to provide a reserved capacity for each market or geographic area as illustrated, for example, in blocks 303 - 305 of FIG. 3 , and from the quota of each geographic area, the capacity for each cell 130 , defined as the maximum number of simultaneous UEs 120 that can be scheduled on the link in a cell 130 in a given geographic area.
- This capacity proportionally depends on the geographic area location, cell location in the geographic area, the time of the day, and/or other events. For example, the number of active UEs in New York City is expected to be higher than a smaller geographic area, e.g., Baltimore; thus the quota for the New York geographic area in some situations may be higher than the Baltimore geographic area.
- a cell in Manhattan may be expected to deal with a higher number of active UEs 120 than a cell in the suburb of New York City.
- Another factor for determining the number of UEs may be dependent on the time zone as illustrated in blocks 304 and 305 of FIG. 3 . For example, at 8:00 am EST, few active UEs 120 are expected in geographic areas on the west coast, even big cities such as San Francisco or Los Angeles. However, local events may change the number of active UEs in each geographic area and/or cell. The capacity of different geographic areas and different cells in the network may be estimated using the traffic forecast and may be stored for each base station 140 . The number of UEs 120 of each geographic area and cell may be adjusted dynamically based on measured traffic in each geographic area and cell.
- the maximum number of UEs 120 to be scheduled may be randomly distributed.
- the total transmitted power of the UEs 120 (P T ) is a random sum of random variables with a stopping time of N.
- P T may be approximated to be: P T ⁇ ( ⁇ N ⁇ P , ⁇ N ⁇ P 2 + ⁇ N 2 ⁇ P 2 ) (11)
- the Q function could be re-written as follows:
- Equation (12) can be rewritten as follows:
- the control mechanism may use the same capacity control approach mentioned in previous embodiments to proportionally limit the capacity of each geographical area and each cell 130 within a geographical area.
- a base station 140 may control the average number of the UEs 120 .
- a conservative value for the maximum number of UEs may be estimated in the LTE network to be N*.
- the average number of the UEs may be estimated to be ⁇ N . These numbers may represent the total number of UEs aggregated over one or more the geographical areas.
- the capacity of each geographical area is identified by estimating the total number of UEs 120 that can be scheduled within the geographical area proportional to the traffic of the geographical area.
- the capacity of the geographical area may be expected to be a function of time, and potentially other events.
- a cell capacity may be estimated by examining the traffic handled by the cell, the cell location, time, and other events. The cell capacity will be used by the base station scheduler for scheduling on the link.
- the base station 140 of cell 130 #i is provided with the maximum number of the UEs (N Ni ) that can be scheduled at a given time, as illustrated, for example, in block 501 of FIG. 5 .
- the value of N Ni can be maintained in a lookup table or can be updated and provided to the base station 140 by a controller 180 .
- the base station 140 of cell #i is provided with the average number of the UEs ( ⁇ Ni ) that can be scheduled.
- the base station scheduler may have a token to schedule ⁇ Ni UEs on the uplink, which may be considered to be the average of a Poisson random variable.
- the value of the UE i (t) may depend on the QoS of the bearers as well as the amount of token collected by the cell #i.
- the token based scheduler may be more complex.
- the required power mask may be a function of the resource block number.
- N k is the total number of UEs 120 to be scheduled on resource block #k across the LTE network.
- An objective may be to keep the total transmitted power over resource block #k (P T,k ) below a maximum power of resource block #k (P Max,k ) with a high probability, as per the following equation: P[P T,k ⁇ P Max,k ] ⁇ (18) where ⁇ is a given small number.
- the maximum number of UEs that can be scheduled over any specific resource block, N k *, across the LTE network may be obtained.
- the capacity of resource block #k for each geographic area and also the capacity of each cell #i, N k,i * may be calculated.
- the scheduler of the base station 140 of cell 130 #1 may make scheduling decisions over resource block #k dependent on N k,i *.
- the power control mechanism may adjust the power of the UEs 120 based on the channel quality indicators (CQIs) of the UEs 120 , as illustrated, for example, in block 502 of FIG. 5 .
- the CQIs of the UEs 120 may depend on the distance between each UE 120 and the base station 140 , shadowing, and fast fading. In other words, UEs 120 closer to the base station 140 may transmit with lower power, while the UEs 120 further from the base station 140 may transmit with higher power.
- the interferences from all UEs to the victim satellite may be almost identical in some embodiments. In these embodiments, the UEs 120 at the cell edge may have higher contribution to the interference to the victim satellites.
- FIG. 3 illustrates that the UEs 120 further from the base station 140 may transmit with higher power compared to the UEs 120 closer to the base station 140 , but may encounter equivalent interference to a victim satellite 110 .
- the UEs 120 may be scheduled on different resource blocks depending on their CQI values.
- This mapping of the CQIs to UEs may be deterministic or probabilistic.
- UEs 120 may be partitioned based on their CQI values and each partition may be mapped to a specific resource block. Each UE may not have to fall in one partition and can be in multiple partitions to improve the scheduling efficiency.
- the UEs 120 may be mapped to different partitions using a probabilistic distribution depending on their CQIs. This probabilistic approach may improve the maximum number of the UEs that can be scheduled on the uplink on any resource block #k.
- each cell may control the number of UEs without knowing the amount of interference at the victim satellite receiver.
- the system performance may be improved by estimating the total transmit power of the UEs 120 across the LTE network and using a feedback mechanism sent from a controller 180 to one or more base stations 140 in one or more geographic areas in order to adjust the number of UEs. Based on this feedback mechanism, the total transmit power at each cell 130 , and on each resource block may be adjusted, as illustrated, for example, in block 504 of FIG. 5 .
- the term UE includes cellular and/or satellite user equipment such as radiotelephone(s) with or without a display (text/graphical); Personal Communications System (PCS) terminal(s) that may combine a radiotelephone with data processing, facsimile and/or data communications capabilities; Personal Digital Assistant(s) (PDA) or smart phone(s) that can include a radio frequency transceiver and a pager, Internet/Intranet access, Web browser, organizer, calendar and/or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and/or conventional laptop (notebook) and/or palmtop (netbook) computer(s) or other appliance(s), which include a radio frequency transceiver.
- PDA Personal Digital Assistant
- the term UE also includes any other radiating user device that may have time-varying or fixed geographic coordinates and/or may be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (aeronautical, maritime, or land-based) and/or situated and/or configured to operate locally and/or in a distributed fashion over one or more terrestrial and/or extra-terrestrial location(s) such as radiotelephones and radioterminals.
- node includes any fixed, portable and/or transportable device that is configured to communicate with one or more user equipment and a core network, and includes, for example, terrestrial cellular base stations (including microcell, picocell, wireless access point and/or ad hoc communications access points) and satellites, that may be located terrestrially and/or that have a trajectory above the earth at any altitude.
- terrestrial cellular base stations including microcell, picocell, wireless access point and/or ad hoc communications access points
- satellites that may be located terrestrially and/or that have a trajectory above the earth at any altitude.
- the terms “comprise,” “comprising,” “comprises,” “include,” “including,” “includes,” “have,” “has,” “having,” or variants thereof are open-ended, and include one or more stated features, integers, elements, steps, components or functions but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, elements, steps, components, functions or groups thereof.
- the common abbreviation “e.g.” which derives from the Latin phrase exempli gratia, may be used to introduce or specify a general example or examples of a previously mentioned item, and is not intended to be limiting of such item.
- the common abbreviation “i.e.” which derives from the Latin phrase id est, may be used to specify a particular item from a more general recitation.
- These computer program instructions may be provided to processor circuitry of a general purpose computer circuit, special purpose computer circuit such as a digital processor, and/or other programmable data processor circuit to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor circuitry of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, transform and control transistors, values stored in memory locations, and other hardware components within such circuitry to implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks, and thereby create means (functionality) and/or structure for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block(s).
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
- a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium may include an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor data storage system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples of the computer-readable medium would include the following: a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM) circuit, a read-only memory (ROM) circuit, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) circuit, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and a portable digital video disc read-only memory (DVD/Blu-Ray).
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read-only memory
- CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
- DVD/Blu-Ray portable digital video disc read-only memory
- the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer and/or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
- embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) that runs on a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as “processor circuitry,” “a module” or variants thereof.
- a processor such as a digital signal processor, which may collectively be referred to as “processor circuitry,” “a module” or variants thereof.
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Abstract
Description
Since the distances from the
P[P T ≧P Max]≦ε (2)
where ε is a given small number. The total number of the
P T˜(Nμ P ,Nσ P 2) (3)
Thus, equation (2) may be rewritten as follows:
Due to (3), equation (4) may be rewritten as:
where the Q Function represents the probability of a zero mean unity variance Gaussian random variable being greater than a certain value. Equation (5) may be solved for N*, the maximum number of UEs that can be scheduled on the link across the LTE network. Equation (5) may be solved for N. Equation (5) can be re-written as follows:
under the assumption:
φ=Q −1(ε) (7)
Given ε, φ may be obtained from equation (7). Therefore, equation (6) may be re-written as:
After some mathematical manipulations, equation (8) may be rewritten as:
μP(√{square root over (N*)})2+φσP(√{square root over (N*)})−P Max=0 (9)
Solving for N* equation (9) may be rewritten as:
The parameters on the right hand side of (10) may be available to a LTE network operation through Operations & Management (OAM) operations, and by assuming φ=Q−1(ε). Thus, the above analysis obtains the maximum number of UEs 120 (N*), that can be scheduled simultaneously in the link over the LTE network.
P T˜(μNμP,μNσP 2+σN 2μP 2) (11)
In this case, the Q function could be re-written as follows:
This case requires controlling the mean (μN) and the variance (σN 2) of N. However, this approach may make more efficient use of network resources.
Equation (13) is similar to equation (5) with two differences: N is replaced by ρN, and σP 2 is replaced by (σP 2+μP 2). Using same approach as previous embodiments, the assumption may be made that φ=Q−1(ε), to obtain:
Several further assumptions may include that equation (12) may be solved for ρN, the total number of cells in the network may be represented by I, Ni represents the number of
N=Σ i=1 I N i (15)
ρN=Σi=1 IρN
The control mechanism may use the same capacity control approach mentioned in previous embodiments to proportionally limit the capacity of each geographical area and each
P T,k=Σn=1 N
Since the power mask may be dependent on the resource blocks, there may be a maximum allowed transmitted power for all
P[P T,k ≧P Max,k]≦ε (18)
where ε is a given small number.
Claims (53)
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PCT/US2014/020199 WO2014138012A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-03-04 | Methods and devices for allocating resource blocks in an lte network |
EP14759605.0A EP2965582A4 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-03-04 | Methods and devices for allocating resource blocks in an lte network |
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CN105592538B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2019-04-26 | 普天信息技术有限公司 | The Poewr control method and device of Physical Uplink Shared Channel |
KR102363181B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2022-02-15 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | Digital signal processing device of base station and method for processing data thereof |
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EP2965582A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
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US20140254496A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
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