US926086A - Dynamo-electric machine. - Google Patents

Description

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B. A. BEHREND.

DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

' APPLIUATION FILED AUG.21, 1905. 926,086.

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BJA. BBHREND. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21, 1905.

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4 SHEETS-SHEET UNITED STATES PATENT OEFIQEo BERNARD ARTHUR BEHREND, OF'NORWOOD, OHIO, ASSIG'NOR IO ALLIS-CHALMERS COM.

PANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY, AND 'IHE BULLOOK ELECTRIC-MANUFACTUR- ING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

' DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE Specification of- Letters Patent.

Patented .Tune 22, 1909.

Application filed August 21, 1905. Serial No. 275,118.

To all wit-om 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, Baumanny A. BEHREND, citizen of the United States, residing at Norwood` in the county of Hamilton and Statev of Ohio, have invented certain new'and useful Improvements in DynamElectrie Mtr chilies, of which the follow/ing is a full, clear,

and exact specification.

My present invention relates to imfrove? ments in the construction of dynamoectric machines, particularly high-speedy turbovgenerators and the means for Ventilating the saine.

In the types of dynamo-electric machines,

especially the high-speed machines employed sageways, then flow through the radial pas.

sageways of said member into the .air-gap separating the rotary and stationarymembers, thence through the radial air-gaps of the stationary member and out of the inaohine through openings in .the periphery of its frame or yoke. In high-speed machines and particularly -in turbo-generators, it is dit'ricult with the construction just described to force sutiicient air across the air-gap -to ventilate the stationary member, and in addition it has been found by experience that the vohnne ofair passing through the machine. in a radial direction is not evenly dis- 40 tributed across the length of the machine. 0n the contrary itlias been found that a muehfgreater volume of air passes with a much greater velocity radially outward near the. middle of the machine than near the ends of the machine, the volume and velocity decreasing gradually from the middle to the ends.

The object of my invention is to so coustruet a dynamo-electric machine and arrange the 4ventilatiim passageways in such a manner thatgood and uniform ventilation is secured at all parts of the machine.

lo carrying out my invention, I providev a rotatable member of a dynamo-electric machine having communicating radial and axial passageways, with enlarged radial pas; sageways at the middle, so that a unich greater volume of air will flow therethrough than through the other radial passageways.

My invention further consists of a stationary" member of a dynamo-electric machine. having circumferential passageways, and at. its middle an enlargedcircumferential pas sageway communicating with the first named passageways, whereby, when the machine is in operation, a large .volume'of air will be received into the enlarged passage- Way and' conveyed to the tirst named smaller passa-geways.

My invention still further consists of a dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member,.the latter being provided at its middle with means for cooling the stationary member.

Considering my invention more specifically, I provide the rotary member with a comparatively.large spacing member having radial fan blades. The stationary member is provided at intervals with circumferential passageu'ays which preferably do not communicate with the air-gala-` of the machine. ,The 'stationary member is further provided with a Wide circumferential passageway or conduit directly opposite or surrounding said spacing member, or rotor fan. This large passageway receives from the rotor fan the ventilating currents of air which pass into a receiving chamber preferably extending the Afull lenv t-h of the machine, and communicating with the circumferential passageways in the stationary member. The frame is provided with open ings for the escape of the air after same has passed through said circumferential. passageu'ays.

My invention furtherconsists in the details of construction and'combinations of partsmore fully set forth in the following description and in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings which' illustrate the preferred embodiments of my invention, Figure l is a sectional elevation of an ordinary form. of turbo-generator roter construction, the lengths of the arrows indicate approximately ,the relative volumes or velocities of the an escaping from the rotor during rotation; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the rotor and stator of my improved machine, the arrows showing the directions of the currents of air through the various air passages; Fig. 3 is a similar view of the rotor of Fig. 2, removed from the stator, the lengths of the arrows in the various air passages indicating approximately the relative volumes and velocities of air passing therethrough; Fig. 4f is a section taken along the line slr-et of Ifig. 2; Iiig. 5 is a radial air passages 2. By the fan-like aclion of the rotor, air is drawn into ,the axial air passages and forced radially outward through the radial passages. The lengt-hs of the arrows extending from each of the radial passageways indicate approximately the relative volumes and velocities of the air thus forced outwardly. It will be. seen that a much greater volume of air passes with a greater velocity radially outward near the middle of the machine than near the ends, the volume and velocity decreasing gradually from the middle to the ends. In my improved machines I utilize this phenomenon by assisting the greater fiow of air at the middle-of the rotor and by directing the air currents from the middle of the rotor to a receiving chamber from which the currents pass uniformly through all parts of the stationary member.

In the preferred form of my ,invention illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5, A1 represents the rotary field structure, which is built up of groups of laminas-3 mounted on the shaft 4 in the usual manner, between 4 the end heads 5, 5, the end heads being held on thel shaft by the nuts 6, 6. The end headsand laminas are provided with axial air passages 7 communicating with radial air'passages 8 also in the usual manner.l In lthe middle of the rotor I separate the two groups of'laminae by a comparatively large s )acing inen'iber S) preferably provided with radial fan blades which when the rotor is in motion force the major part of the air to the middle of the rotor and expel it radially outward. The ,stator core B1 is in this case the armature. I' wish it understood, however, that my invention is ap plicable to a stationary field member and rotating armature as Well. The stator core consists of bundles orl groups of lamina, 10, dove-tailed to the frame 11 and held between end heads 12. The groups of laminae are .modification of my invention.

spaced apart and form circumferential ventilating passages 13. These Ventilating passages preferably do not communicate with the air-gap of the machine as is custom ary, butV in the preferred forms shown are provided with strips or plugs 14 which close completely the passages in the inner periphery. For the sake of clearness the windings have been omitted from both the stationary and rotary members. At the middle of the 'j' core of the stationary member, I have provided a large circumferential passageway vor conduit 15 directly opposite the central fan of the rotary member, to receive the air from the' said fan. At the lower part of this passageway 15 I have arranged a barrier 1G- to direct the air into the chamber 17 at the bottom of the machine, said chamber prefer-- ably extending the full length of the machine and communicating with all the circumferential Ventilating slots between the groups of laminae. At the top of the machine l or at anyv other desired point the frame is provided with openings 1S for the shown ,by the arrows in Fig. 5. It is seen that in this form of the machine the stationary member is well ventilated, there being `escape of the air currents, the air lpassing 3"? upwardly on both sides of the rotor, asv

nothing to hinder the free circulation of air.

Likewise the air passes upward from the chamber 17 uniformly through all the pasvsageways. Also by this construction and arrangement of air passageways and by preventing direct communication between the .f f,

radial passageways in the rotor and the passageways 13 of the stationary member, the troublesome and annoying humming noise is in a great measure abated. 4

In Figs. 6, 7, S, and 9, I have shown a Instead of Ventilating the entire machine by the centi'al fan 9 on therotary member, I arrange on each end of the rotary members radial- The central fan blades, as in fan blades 19. the construction previously described draw the air through the axial passages of the rotary members. A part of these air cui'- rents pass through the narrower circumferential slots into the air-gap and is then forced by the` fan vinto the large circumferi enti-al air-gap Q O'in the stationary member. This air-gap 20 is'constructed somewhat differently than inthe other constructions.

rlhe air currents instead of passing into a large chamber at the b'ottom of the machine pass directly out through openings 21, two barriers 22 being here shown, although it is obvious that a single barrier and a single passageway for the escape ofthe air would fbe sufficient.

The ventilation through the core of the stationary member is obtained from a source `entirely separate from that which ventilates lthe .rotary field.' In this case the-air pasential Ventilating sages-in one part 'communicate inno manner with the air passages fin the other part. lThe fan blades ou the ends of the stationary member force the air into the two circumferential airV passages 23, 23 in the end members by passages 24. From these passages 23'- the air is directed by the barriers f-intol two, receptacles Q6, 26'at -each side and utf 'the bottom of the machine. These Jt'woreceptacles 26, QGcommunicate with all the narrow circumferential air slots in the 'Stationary member, lthrough-irhich the air vpasses upward on lHaving'thusidescribed my invention, what I claim as-new and ters :Patent v y1. ln a dynamo-electric machine, a stationary member provided with circumferpaSSageWayS, and'with a 'chamber communicating with all-said passageways a rotatable cated ut the middle of said rotatable momber lfor -forcing'air into said chamber and thence through the circumferential passage- 'ways of the-stationary vmember to cool the latten 2. .Anannular stationary member for a dynamo-electric machine having circumferential air paasagewaysclosed at the inner l-ieriphery and at its middle ail-enlarged circumferential air passageway open at the inner periphery "and conu'nunica-ting with saidl first named circumferential passage- -w-ays.

A stationaryA member for a dynamo- 'electric machine con'ipr-ising a laminated 'core and a-surrounding field frame, said core having a plurality of circumferential .air passageways' and being divided at the middle Ain two parts which are spaced apart forming with the surrounding field trarne an annular air chamber which is open at the 'inner periphery of the core and closed by theframe at the outer periphery thereof, an 'air chamber or passageway communicating' with said annular chamber and with all said circumferential passageway/s whereby air -may be conducted from the former to the latter.l

4. ln a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable member provided with axial ventilating passageways vandv at the middle with means tor-creating a gcxidoutward circulation ot' air, a stationary member comprising a laminated core anda surrounding field member, said core having circumferential air passageways and. being dividedA at the middle in twoparts, `which arespac apart torining with the `ilrronnding field frame an annular 'chamber-openat the inner periphery' 'the coretend closed at the outer periphery, and a chamber leading Ifrom said annular chamber to* said ci'rcun'iterential passageways,whereby -airlu'iay be forced by bothv sides ofthe rotor p and-escapes by the passages 27,27.

idesire to secure byv Letmember, means lothe rotatable member into the-annular chamber, thence into saidsecond named chamber, and thence through -said circumferential passageways. y

5.` ln a 4dynamo-electric machine, aruta- :tablemember having' axial Ventilating -passageways, a stationary ,member consist-ing cfa laminated core and a surrounding-zield frame, said -corezhaving circumferential ventilating :passageways annular chamber .open at the vinner ,periphery of the core and closed vb i the field frameat the outer periphery -o the core', :said frame having at one .side of the core anair receiving chamber communicating with said annular chamber-and with said circumferential Apasageways andsaid frame havin 'at' the sident the core opposite from said and at' the-:middle .an-

air receiving chamber exhaust. openings, and y vsaid rotatable-.mem-

saidmnnular chamber, thence into the Iair receiving chamber,A and thence through the circumferential ypaslsagevva. sin the core to the exhaust openings in the'fli'ame.

6.' In a dynamo-electric n1achine.a vInta- Vtable member-provided with radialandexial Ventilating passages, a `fan at the .middle of said member, a stationary member provided with 'Ventilating passages, a :tramev surrounding said lstatlonary member, :saidstationary member being divided into two-*substantially equal parts which are spaced apa-rt 'forming .with thelouter surrounding frame a circumferential chamber surrounding the tan, whereby the ventilation .through the rotatable member andbetween the stationary and rotatable members is enhanced-,and means for directingairthrough the passages vin the stationary member.

'7. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rota .table member having at the middle, means fer-creating ag good outward circulation of air, a stationary member com rising .an annular core and surrounding rame,-.said core having spaced circumferential passageways closed at the inner periphery and having at :the middle a comparatively large passageway or annular chamber open-at its inner periphery, and means Afor conducting air irom said-annular-chamber to said circumferential passageways.

8. In a dynamb-electricimachine, a rotatable memberlhaving attire-middle thereof means for creating a good outward 'circulationof air, and a stationary member confasting-of an means at the middle of ber' for. forcing air .into

annular coreiandia ff'rame, said core=having spaced circumferential passageways closed at the inner periphery and having at .the'middle-an annular chamber open at? the inner periphery and adapted to receive air from thc'middle of said rotatable member, means at one side ot' said frame and core for conducting air trom said annular chamber tovsaid circumferential passageflOO ways, said frame being provided with exhaust openings communicating with said circumferential passageways.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable member having a fan intermediate its ends, a stationary member comprisingl a frame and a core havingspaced circumferential Ventilating passageways, said stationary member having intermediate its ends Aan annular chamber which surrounds the fan and is adapted to receive air from the latter and having at its bottom a chamber which communicates with said annular chamber and with the circumferential passageways and said frame having an exhaust opening, whereby air will be forced by said fan into the annular chamber, thence into said second namedchamber, thence through the passageways of the core and thence out through the exhaust opening.

l0. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rota.

-table field core divided into two substantially equal parts, a Ventilating fan between said parts, a stationary armature provided with a plurality of circumferential slots and being divided into two. vsubstantially equal parts, and `an air'receivin ,chamber between said two parts, said cham er communicating with all the slots in said stationary armature.

11. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rota table field core provided with Ventilating passageways, a fan at the middle of said eld core, a stationary armature provided with parallel Ventilating passageways and an air conveying conduit dividing said member into two substantially equal parts, an air receiving chamber communicating with all said parallel Ventilating passageways in said' stationary member, and means for directing the air from said fan to said air chamber.

12. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable field member provided with ventilating radial and axial passageways, said field eure being divided into two substantially equalv spaced parts, a fan between said spaced parts, a stationary armature provided with circumferential Ventilating passageways, said stationaryA armature bein divided into two substantially equal space parts, a frame surrounding said armature and forming a circumferential conduit for receiving air' from`said fan, and means for directing air from said conduit to said ventilating passageways in said armature.

.13. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable member having a fan midway its ends and provided with Ventilating passageways' which lead to said fan from both directions, a. laminated stationary member, a surround ing frame, said lamina; being spaced apart so as to form parallel radial Ventilating passageways, said stationary member being di- .Vided into two spaced parts so as to form Twith said frame a circumferential air chamber surrounding said fan, and means for d1 recting the air from the chamber to the Ventilating passageways at the periphery and at one side of the stationary member, said frame being provided at the opposite side with openings for the escape of the air.

1 4. In a dynamo-electric machine, a ro# tatable member, a Ventilating fan at the center of said member, and a stationary member provided with circumferential ventllating passageways which communicate only with the fan at' one side of the machine and exhaust openings at the other side ofthe machine.

15. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatable member having a fan at the middle thereof, and a stationary member having a central annular chamber adapted to receive air from the fan, saidv stationary member comprising a core having spaced circumferntial Ventilating passageways which communicate l with the annular chamber whereby air may pass from the latter through said assagew-ays, the air entering and leaving t e passageways at the outer periphery of the core.

16. In a dynamo-electric machine, a roi tatablemember provided at its middle with a Ventilating fan, a surrounding stationary member having a plurality of circumfer ential Ventilating passageways open at their outer, but closed at their inner peripheries, and means for conveying air from said fan to said Ventilating passageways.

17. In a dynamelectric machine, a r0- tatable member having air passageways, and at its middle a Ventilating fan, a stationary member surrounding the rotatable member,

and having a plurality of circumferential Ventilating passageways extending from the outer periphery toward but not entirely to the air-gap of the machine', and means for' conveying air from said fan through said passageways in the stationary member.

18. Ina dynamo-electric machine, a ro` tatable member having Ventilating passageways and atits middle a Ventilating fan, a stationary member provided with -circumferential Ventilating passageways, and provided at its middle with'a wid circumferential air receiving chamber, means for conveying the air from said chamber tothe circumferential y Ventilating passageways and through the same without entering the air-gap between the rotatable and stationary members. 1

I9. In dynamo-electric .machi.ne, a rotatable member having at the middle a Ventilating fan, a stationary member comprising a frame and a core having spaced cirl cumferential Ventilating passageways open at the outer periphery of the core and closed member having at one side of the core means for conducting air from the annular chamber to said ventilating passageways and at the opposite `eide of the core exhaust openings. Y

20. In a high-Speed turbo-generator, a rotatable ,laminated eld member provided with axial and radial air passageways, the core of said lield member beino' divided into two substantially equal, spaced parte, a., fan between said parts, e laminated stationary armature surrounding Said ield member and being provided with parallel circumferential Ventilating passageways closed at their inner peripheries, a frame surrounding Said stationary member, the core of said armature being composed of two Substantially equal repaced parts forming with the frame a Wide circumferential air conduit, an air chamber at one Side of said armature core and with which all the Ventilating passageways in the armature communicate, means for directing air from Said conduit to said air chamber, and escape openings at the opposite side of said frame, whereby the air passes uniformly and freely in parallel planes from one side of eaidarmature to the other.

2l. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotatahle member having Ventilating passageway@ arrangedv at intervals tor the outward flow of air due to the rotation of Said mem` her, and having at the center a passageway through which a greater flow of air take place than takes place through the remaining paseageways, a stationary member provided with Ventilating passageways ar anged at intervals and provided at the center with an annular Chamber for receiving the air from the center of the rotatable member,

- said annular chamber communicating with all of said ventilating passageways in the

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