US92066A - Landy tunstall lindsey - Google Patents

Description

L. T. LINDSEY. ELEOTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

Patented'June 29, 1869.

immw

waited some pron can.

Letters Patent No. 92,066,- dazed June 29, 1869.

IBEPROVIILEENT IN BL'ECTROQMAGNBTIC MOTORS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and mam; part of the lame.

To whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAlTDY TUNSTALL Lr'Nn'sEY,

of Jackson, in the county of Madisom'and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and'useful Improvements in Acquiring an Electro-Magnetic Reciprocating Automatic Motion, said motion being pro vided with'an electro-maguetic governor,.whereby it can be gmduat'edto any late of speed desirable teattain; and'l hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 representsa general plan and view of the instrument.

B is the base, upon which the instrument rests.

M M M M" are electro-magnets, of the U-form.

L L' are horizontal levers, suspended over the magnets.

S S are stands, which contain the adjustable axis of the'levers L L respectively. 7

a a a" a"are adjustable pivot-screws in the stands S S',.whereln rests the axis of the levers L L.

u u u u are jam-nuts, thereon, to secure them firmly in the stands'when the axis of the levers are properly adjusted.-

P P P P' are posts, upon which the levers alternately rest during their vibration.

5 6'1" 12 are movable adjusting-screws therein, to regulate the breadth of stroke of the levers.

e e c" c are jam-nuts thereon, to secure them firmlyin the posts when properly adjusted;

At the point of contact of the levers and posts there are short projections, of platina wire,'on each, represented at 9 0"0" o".

N N. N" N"' are binding-screw stands, for the recep' tion of the wires leading from the battery to the magnets, when worked by a system of closed circuits.

7: 'n' n n are binding-screws, for securing the wires therein.

G O G G""are binding-screw stands, for the reception 'of the wires leading from the battery, when worked by a system of open circuits.

c c c" c" are binding-screws, for securing the wires the-rein.

\V W are'two spiral springs, for connecting the stands 0 G and "6" Cf", as becomes necessary, when worked by a system of closedcircuits. 4

, H is a small circular base, upon which are fixed the triangularlyananged metallic points It ll. h".

V is a brass-bar, secured on the point h", and movable back audforth on the points h It.

\Vhere the same reference-letters-appear in-ilic different drawings, they indicate the same. parts whether snch'parts be there represented in avertical or horizontal position, the working of the instrument being in nowise affected by a reverse arrangement of levers,

magnets, and adjusting-screws, so; that the arrangementof the connections fo'rthe alternations of the effects produced by the magnets is not changed.

As all the parts hereinbefom described have to either cond not or control the effect of a current-0f electricity, it is essential that they be made of brass, copper, or other metal which isa suitable conducting-medium.

Figure 2 represents a plan for applying said motion to the use of turning a'crank communicating with cogwheels, the arrangement of magnets, levers, and ad justing-sc rews in the posts being just the reverse of that shown in fig. 1.

Figure 3 shows a single lever and its magnets prope'rl y placed, the left end of the lever indicating how the motion thereof, actuated by. the electrical current pass ing through the coils of the magnet underneath, can be applied to the control of an escapemeut, as shown to and connecting with a. lever, as shown in fig. 2; or,

secondly, by having mtchet-wheels fixed permanently on said shaft, and the rotary motion imparted by the stroke of one or more levers on the same, as shown at It. fig..3;, to furnish therequisite means for regulating the movement of any series ofmechanism by controlling an escapement, a's shown-at E, fig..3; all of which are accomplished in the several manners hereinattcr described.

Fig. 1 represents the plan showing theproperarrangemem. ofelectro-magnets, levers, supporting-stands, con taining adj nstable pivot-screws, posts, with adj est-able screws therein, and other auxiliary appliances requisite in acquiring and-controlling the motion.

I will here explain their application and use, in conjunction with the metallic connections, for the proper conduct and control of the electricity which are underneath the base-board.

As the mechanical combination of magnets, levers, and posts are counterparts, one of the other, I shall, for the sake of clearer illustration, designate them" in their collective sense as sets.

Each set is composed of two magnets, placed vertically on either side of a stand, whose veflical projections rise sullicient-ly high toadmit t1 ispension ofa horizontal lover above and over the magnets. This lever moves, at its centre, on ar axis supported in the stand by adjnsmblc pivot-screws, and has. iron arma-' ture-bars fixed in a right-angle position, permanently thereon, on either side of its axis, and just over the poles of each magnet.

Two post-s, placed vertically, containing movable ad justing-scrcws therein, are placed just on the outer side of either magnet, the ends of the lever above resting alternately upon them. Two sets are essential to secure the result to be obtained. The result desired to be obtained is an nnintermitting reciprocating automatic motion of the levers. This motion is acquired in two ways, and in each by the action of the levers striking alternately upon the post, the lever and post of set No. 1 directing or controlling the flow of the electriccurrent through the coilsof the magnets of s t No. 2, and vice versa.

The axis each lever being-at its centre, and the armatures thereon, as well as magnets thereunder, being located on either side of its-axis, when the electric current flows through the. coils of any one magnet, and such magnet attracts the armature above to its poles, it causes the lever, to which such armature is attached, while approachingtherewith, on the one side of its axis, to recede correspondingly from the poles of the magnet on the other side.

The alternations of the magnets, in controlling their respective armatures, swung above, occurregularly and successively, the connections being so disposed that the currents of electricity will act, first, in one of the mag nets of set No. 1; next, in one of the magnets of set No. 2;' next, in the other magnet of set N 0. 1; next, in the other magnet of set No. 2; each armature, as it is successively attracted to the poles of the magnets, carrying with it that side oi the lever to which it is attached, the series of alternations being repeated pninterrnittingly so long as the battery remains connected.

For instance, let us suppose the current to first cause the magnet M of set No. 1 to attract its armature A above to its poles. This would have the effect to bring that end of the lever to which this armature is attached with it also. I

The lever L, being thus attracted, moves toward the poles of the magnet until its further progress is air"- rested by coming in contact with the end-post P. Tire effect of this contact of lever L and post P will be to so direct or control the electric currentfthat it will next cause the magnet M" of -set No. 2 to attract."its armature A' -to its poles.

The armature A", moving toward the poles of the magnet M", brings with it that end of the lever L to which it is attached, until the motion is arrested by the lever coming in contact with the post P". The electric current will now be so directed or controlled by this contact that it'will-next cause the magnet'M of set No. l to attract its armature A to its poles, that end of the lever L to which it is attached moving therewith until its progress is again impeded by coming in contact with the post P, in the manner as before described. 1

This contact will so'direct or control the electrical current that-it will next cause the magnet M? of set No. 2 to influence its arrrratureA to its poles, thereby bringing that end of leverL' to a contact with post P', after the same manner as hereinbefore described.

' The-effect of this contact willnow return the actionaryjnflueuce of the current to magnet Mot set No.

.1, the point from whence this explanation began, and

the currents will thus interrupted and returned automatically through the coils of the magnets, and the effects produced alternately thereby on the arnratures and levers will be repeated and continued, so long as the metallic circuit, withthe buttery, remains complete. Havingthus shown that the motion is imparted to the levers by the alternate action of the mngnetstherc under, and that these'alternations occur, first, by the :stctiouot' the magnets in attracting their respective axis of the lever) and end post of the opposite set,

and their connection also with the. batteries, by which means this motion is obtained.

The motion cani'oe acquired in two ways, with but slight change in the disposition of the connecting wires, but the manner of acquiring either one is exactly opposite to that of the other.

The method I shall first describe, I will designate as the closed-circuitsystem.

There are two-magnets to each set, and two termi nal wires to each magnet. The magnets of a setare connected by the joining together of a terminal wire from each. The remaining terminal wire of each magnet of a set. leads to and connects with a battery,

and this completes the metallic circuit of such battery, including both magnets of the settherein.

In. set No. 1, fig. 1, the wires 4, magnet M and 6, magnet M, are joined together, and the remaining wires, 3 and 5, of these magnets, respectively, extend to binding-screw standsN'"N The wireslemlingfrom a. battery, when secured in these stands by the hinding-screws n" n", complete the circuit.

Supposing the current to proceed fromrthc battery to binding-screw stand N, it will pass thence to and enter magnet M at 3, passing through the coils of this magnet and out of thein at 4, proceeding thence across to and entering magnet at.6, passing througlnits coils and out of them at 5, and from thence tobinding-scrcw staud,N where it will connect with a. wire leading to the other pole of the battery. 3

Set No. 2 is a counterpart, in all respects, of set No. I. The wires Sand 10 are joined together, and the wires 7 and 9 proceed .to biuding-screw stand N N, where they also conrrect with the wires leading from. a battery, and this completes the metalliccircuit .for the-conduct of the electricity through their; coils also.

As the current would .now flow, in' each instance, unrestrictedlythrough the coils of both magnets of the sets, respectively, the horizontal-levers L L would each havean equal influence exerted onfeither side of its axis, to control the armatures thereon. Each would, therefore, be held in a state of equilibrium.

1f thcmagneticiniluence of either magnet of a set be now destroyed, it will withdraw the counter-resistance such magnet offers to the efi'orts of the magnet opposite (in the same set) to attract its armature to its poles, and the influence on the one side of the axisof the lever being thus annulled, the armature of.the

magnet on the other side, and with it that end of themagnets of either set, are employed to accomplish thisefieet, and their application in this connection thus explained.

The wires 3, magnet M and 5, magnet M, of set No. 1, intheir route to binding-screw stands N"' N,

first passby and connectwiththe posts P'P" respect- I q o 7 rvely, of the opposite set, and a wire conductor also exiends'fmm the junction ofthe wires 4 and 6, magnets M M', ot' the same set, to and connects with the stzrnd.t3"of the opposite set,

ductor also leads iron] the junction of the wires 8 and 10, magnet-s M M'", of the same set, and connects with the stand S of the opposite set.

This latter connection brings the lever L of set No. 1 into metallic communication with magnets M" and M"' of set No. 2, by means of the last-mentioned wire connecting with the stand S, and through it with the lever L, whichhas its axis in the adjustable pivotscrews therein.

The object of this manner of running the connections, and upon which depends the. working of the entire instrument, is that-the contact of either end of either-of the horizontal levers L L with any one oi" the posts 1 P P" P'" in either one set, will have the ctlect to cut oil from connnunicat-iou with. the battery a magnet oi' the opposite set, by preventing the electric current from flowing through theeoils of such magnet while such contact lasts, leaving the other magnet in the some sct'as the only one retaining magnetic influence to attract-its armature to its poles, which it will innneiliatcly do.

The series of alternations of the currents through the coils of the magnets, and ot' the levers affected thereby, will be substantially as hereinbet'ore described,

One battery can be made sutiieientl'or the entire instrument, by causing the current therefrom to flow tlu'ough the coils of all the magnets of both sets, by simply connecting one. poleof the battery with either wire 3 or 5 of set No. l, and the other pole of the battery with either wire 7 or ll of set No.2, and joining together that wire ofv each set which still remains unconnected. This may be easily done by securing one end of a short wire in either binding-screw stand N or N'" of set No. '1, and the other end of the same wire in either binding-screw stand N or N of set No. 2, using'the twostands which will then remain unoccupied for the reception of the wires leading from a single battery; The connections in all other respects remain unchanged, and the same result is produced.

The opposite method of acquiring the same motion I shall designate as the open-circuit system. in this ease I use a battery for each set. The metallic circuits extending from the batteries through the magnets of each set, and thence back to the batteries,- are broken or incomplete, and the currents from the batteries cannot flow, or the magnets attract theirarmatures thereto, until the breaks in these circuits are closed or completed.

The contact of a lever and post of one. set, in this arrangement, unites the disconnected parts oi", and completes or restores the circuit. I

Each time either olf the circuits are closed in this manner, it includes within it a magnet of the opposite set.

As the magnets are thus alternately included in one or the other of the circuits of the batteries, they become successively magnetized, by the. passage of the currents through the coils which surround them, causing the armatnirs above to be attracted to their poles, creating an automatic motion of the lovers, by their being thus drawn in contactwith the posts thereitnder, in the same. manner as hereinbet'oredescribed, the armatnres, in this instance, obeying the pulsations of the magnets as they become alternately charged, while, in the first-named method, the action of the magnet which attracted the armature depended upon annulling the power of'thc opposite magnet; ot'tbesame-set.

The batteries are inserted by disnniting the wires which lead from the junction of wires 4 and 6, of set No. 1, to stand S of set No. 2, and from the junction of wires 8 and 10 of set No. 2, to stand S of set No.1, and connecting the ends of each, when thus dissevered, witha battery;

The wires3 and 50f set No. 1, in this arrangement, are not required to extend beyond their connection with the posts P"- P"ot' set No. 2, and the wires 7 and 9 of set N o. 2, are not. required to extend farther than their connection with posts I? P of set No. 1.

As the binding-screw stands N N N" N are not now in use, the wires leading from the posts P P P" P thereto, amount to nothing more than mere appendages, offering neither utility nor impediment to the working of the instrument.

To enable both methods to be tested, I have insorted an extra set of biudirig-serew stands, 0 O 0" 0", to receive the battery vires, when the instrument is worked by the open-circuit system.

The connecting-wires lending to the stands S S, from the magnets of the opposite set-s, respectively, are disiinited, as above described, and their ends secured in the binding-screw stands just referred to, from' whence they communicate with the batteries.

The wires so disnnited can be reunited, whennecessary, for the. purpose of using the closed-circuit sys tern, by securing the wire-springs \V W, leading from the stands 0 0", in the stands 0' 0", respectively..

This restores the metallic communication of the stands S S with the magnets of the opposite sets, rcspectively,"disunited, as before descril'red.

The motion can be arrested-by dissevering any one of the wires leading from a magnet t'oa post, the brass bar V, on the small wooden base H, being employed for this purpose.

The; base H has three bmss points, h h'h, arranged in triangular shape thereon.

One end of the barV is fixed movably on the point h", and its otherend moves back and forth to and from the points h h.

The wire leading from magnet Mijo post P is disunited, one end being connected with the point 71-, and the other with the point It".

When the bar v rests on the point h, it unites these ends, andre :tores the metallic communication between the post and magnet; but whenit is moved to and rests on the point h, the metallic, communication is broken, and the series of connections, whereby the alternations in the action of the magnets and motion of the levers is produced, are interrupted and incomplete.

By the'connections as traced, and their effect as described, it will be seen that my invention does not depend forits motion upon any mechanical auxiliary assistance, farther than that of the vibmtioirof the lovers, and their alternate contact upon the posts, as

herein'betbre desciibed, the motion'being actuated automaticall y by these successive cont-acts upon the posts, and controlled entirely by electricity.

w Either one of the sets can he used, in either case, as a governor, to regulate and control the. speed of the other set, by simply widening or lessening the breadth of the vibration of the lever of such set.

The breadth of vibration of either lever can be increased or diminished by the movable mljustiugscrews i i 1"1'", in the posts P P P" 1"".

These screws can be securely fixed at any breadthrf motion desired by the aid of the jarn-nuts e e 0"0.

I, therefore, claim the ibCCOlllllilSilllldilt ot' the same motion in two ways, the connections, in all respects, remaining unchanged, and the principle the same, the only change made at all hei'ng in the location of the batteries.

The alternations of the currents through the mag: nets successively, as hereinbetore described, are shown to be for the purpose of causing a vibratory reciprocating motion of the horizontal levers L L, as the armatures thereon are alternately attracted toward the poles of the magnets thereunder.

Having thus shown the manner in which this vi-' bratory motion is acquired, -it now remains to explain how itcan be applied, so as to communicate a rotary motion to a shaft, or spindle, terminating in crankform.

.The best position for this purpose is to have the lever vertical and the magnets horizontal, as shown in fig. 2.

Only one .sct is necessary for this purpose. The

other can be used as a governor, and may be in either The posts 1? P are vertical, but the adjusting-screws i i therein are placed horizontally.

' The axis of the lever L, when placed vertically, is at oneend thereof, and situated below the maguets,.as shown in fig. 2.

Themagnets being arranged on either side of the lever, one armature is sufiicient for each.

' The magnets are supported above the base by the stands D D.

The screws d d, connected to the rear of each magnet, pass through a. loose aperture in these stands, and have jam-nuts b b I)" thereon, on either side of the stands D D.

By this means, the .coils'c'an be move'd'close up to the armatures, and exert a fuller influence over them.

The magnet M is represented asdrawn back against the supporting-stand D.-

This is done that the full outline of the lever L, in its verticzd'position, together with the armature thereon,- may be clearly seen.

Then in use,,th'e magnets on either side are moved as close as is possible to, without impeding the vibration of, the armature.

Thebreadth of vibration of the lever can be adjusted by means, of the horizontally-placed screws 5 i, in the vertical posts P P.

, The lever L is vertical, and vibrates between the pointsof the horizontally-placed screws 11 i, a breadth of onesixte'enth 01' any other fractional part of an inch desired.' The more contracted the space, however, the better.

The play is thus contracted, that the'armatnre A may not be drawn far away from the points of the magnets M M, between which it vibrates, that either magnct may thus be enabled to exert almost full influence in attracting itl Connected with the lever L, near its topmost extremity, is the horizontal rod' T, extending half aninch, when it extends two and a halt inches farther in a right-angle direction.

This rod terminates at either end in the form of a collar, fitting, at the short-angle extremity, over the top of the lever L, and, at. the extremity of the long angle, over the top of thevertical rod T.

This rod is secured at its angle by a pin, t, passing throughit and into the horizontal right-angle pro ection, or shelfi of the post I.

The vertical rod T is three inches long, and is suspended on a pin, t, passing through. the post I, half an inch below its connection with the horizontal rod T.

The vertical rod Tflconnects, at its extremity farthest fromthe pin t', with a horizontal rod, or connecting-arm, T".

The other end of the connecting-arm Tis connected, at f", to the crank of the spindle f, in the frame F, and the motion-communicated to spindle f, by means of the interlocking teeth, of the wheels I l, on each.

The object in having therods T T secured by the pins t t, half an inch from their connecting points, respectively, is, that the motion may, in each instance, be multiplied, by continuing the rods, in both cases. four times this length.

By this arrangement, the lever L, vibrating the breadth of one-sixteenth part of an inch between the points of the adjusting-screws i i, and moving the short angle-ofthe rod T, working on the pin t, the same brealilth, will impart to the extremity of the long angle of this rod'a vibration multiplied fully four times this breadth.

The collar of the horizontal rod T, fitting over the vertical rod T, with the stroke indicated by the space between the last-mentioned rod and thedotted lines, to impart to the upper, or half-inch section of the same rod, and this rod being, like the other, four times this length, the motion is multiplied fully ibnr times, so that an inch-stroke is gained at the other, or longest; extremity from the pin t. v

The horizontal rod 1", connecting to this end of the vertical rod T, and the other end thereof comiecting with the crank-termination of the spindle flat-f, this stroke of one-inch in breadth is thus communicated to it, the crank of the spindle being half an inch in length.

Fig. 3 represents one set of the instrument, and illustrates, at each end of the lever, how themotion can be applied to control an escapemeut, or to impart rotary motion to a. shaft, o'r spindle.

' Connected to lever L, on the left side thereof, is an e'scapement-ami, 021-, secured by a pin also iii-the post 0, the pallets of which rest alternately upon the teeth of the escapemcnt-wheel E, causing it, when actuated by the mechanical means whence it derives itsmotion, to revolve uniformly, by tl1e alternate arrest and release of the same by the escapcment-arm.

Onthe right side of the lever is shown a representation of the lever resting upon a. tooth of a. ratchet- Wheel, R.

This is designed. to illustrate how the rotary motion can be imparted to the spindle on which the iatchetwheel is fixed, bythe arrangement of two or more le-.- was, in the manner represented, each striking alternately'upon a ratchet-wheel, fixed on the spindle opposite thereto.

As my invention applies to controlling. the action of magnets, by the peculiar bearing of their connections, in directing orcontrolliug the flow of a battery-currentthrough the helices which surround the same, I do'not reserve for it a special application to'any particular form of magnet, but to any and all wherein the power and action of such are dependent upon the passage of an electrical current through a helix surrounding it,

whether it be'tocause such magnet to attract an armature to its'polcs, like that invented by Professor Henry; or to draw an iron magnetic bar within the helix, as the axial magnet invented by Professor Page; or to controla'nd arrest the motion of -a needle enclosed within a helix, or any other form or kind whatever, wherein electromagnetism is the actuating-medium, which produces or controlsthe mechanical efi'ect.

- The route of the wires leadinu from the magnets of each set, to or via the end posts of the opposite set, can be reversed or exchanged, so that each will connect with that post of the same set opposite to the one indicated hcreinbeibre, and the working of the instrument will be the same.

It is only essential, in extending these connections from the magnets of one set to or via the end posts of the opposite set, to do so in such manner that'the action of the magnets, as regards themselves, and the sets also, 'n'iil be alternate and successive.

Any number of sets can be controlled and operated, if the magnets of each are included inthe battery-circuits, but only two are necessary, in any instance, to contain the connections which actuate and govern the motion.

The planet connecting-rods may also be varied from as desired, the present example being only to illustrate how a great-e1; breadth of stroke can be. imparted, by means of the multiplying-arrangement referred to and explained in fig. 2, without permitting the armature to be drawn beyond the full influence of the magnets on either side of it.

Ifit were not that the power. ot'a magnetto attract an armature to its poles (liminishesra pidly as the space between it and the armature widens, there would be no necessity for resorting to'snch an arrangement as that of the multiplying connecting-rods above referred to and described, the lever L could be adjusted to any breadth of vibration required.

By the arrangement as explained in fig. 2, however, it is shown that the motion can be increased, by the aid of connecting-rods, to any breadth of stroke desired, without-having the armature placed, at any time, beyond the influence and'control of either of the mag nets whicb'enclose it.

I consider the closed-circuit system as possessing the greatest advantage, as it is susceptible of being worked or controlled at or from remote points, it they are found to be of practical utility in any connection, and it is desired to introduce two or more of them in a circuit between, and at local or distant stations, witlronly a single wire intervening to conduct the bat-tery-ourrengthe earth forming the return-cm cuit; or the instruments can be thus worked by either system, by connecting them with a local battery of sulphate of copper and zinc, and controlling them from tending the wires 7,.niagnet M and the remote point, by means of that connection in the local circuit which is opened and closed by the vi the posts P P P'P, substantially as .bereinbefore described, and for the purpose of obtaining an uninterinitt'ing, reciprocating, automatic motion, as set forth.

2. The mechanical combination and arrangement of magnets M M, lever L, stand, S, posts I P, constituting set No. 1 and of magnetsM" M", lever L, stand 5', posts .P" P, constituting set N0. 2, the two sets taken together forming the instrument, the levers of each set actuated and controlled automatically by electromagnetism, substantially in the manner set forth.

3. Extending the wires 3, magnet M and 5, magnet M, of seliNo. 1, to and connecting them with posts P P", respectively, of set N 0. 2' uniting the wires 4, magnet M .and 6, magnet M, of set N o. l, and extending them by a connecting-wire, leading from their j unotion to andconnecting with stand S'ot'- set N0. 2; ex- 9, magnet M'" of set- N 2, to and connecting them with posts PP, respectively, of setNo. ,1; uniting the wires 8,,magnet M and 10, m: gnet M, of set No. 2, and extending them we connecting-wire, leadingfi'om theirj unrtion to and connecting with stand S of set N 0. 1,- nttaching or inserting the batteries, as hereiubefore described and set forth. I v

4. The employment of either of the sets as a go? ernor; to regulate and. control the rapidity of motion of the other set, substantially as set fortl y In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to these specifications, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this the 8th day ofMay, 1869.

L. T; LINDSEY Witnesses:

G. W. ROBERTSON, W. M. STEPHENS.

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