US919219A - Art of making types and type-bars. - Google Patents

Art of making types and type-bars. Download PDF

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US919219A
US919219A US4183001A US1901041830A US919219A US 919219 A US919219 A US 919219A US 4183001 A US4183001 A US 4183001A US 1901041830 A US1901041830 A US 1901041830A US 919219 A US919219 A US 919219A
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type
die
blank
types
typebar
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US4183001A
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Francis H Richards
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AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIC Corp
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AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIC CORP
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material

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  • This invention relates to the art of making types and type-bars, and especially to a method of making from a solid blank or bar of metal a typebar adapted for use in the typographic art for printing a line of characters.
  • the type-forming operation does not cease at the moment that the die-space is completely filled, but instead the compressing action is continued and the position of the completed type is shifted, this latter operation resulting ordinarily in condensing more perfectly the metal in the completed type, owing to the increased resistance opposed to the compressing action by the body of the blank below the finished type, while it also serves to carry the finished type to any point at which it may be desired to standardize the heights of the types and hence bring their printing faces to a common level.
  • the faces of the type-blanks to be shaped into types may be made of less areas than their bases without employing special tools for each individual type-blank, or a single tool operated in a different manner for the shaping of each such type-blank; and indeed the areas of the faces of these type-blanks may be made less than the areas of their bases in advance of any type-forming operation upon such typeblank or typebar-blank.
  • the compressing action which is exerted upon the blank by the die will preferably eXtend both'depthwise and crosswise of the former in order that the type may be shifted in two directions, the object of this being to bring the face of the type to a determined plane'and also to bring the base line of the type face to a determined position Specification of Letters IPatent.
  • the blank may, of course, be operated upon in any suitable manner to produce these results, but preferably the types will be formed by a rolling operation, one of the two coacting members-viz., the blank and the dieusually having a rolling movement imparted to it while in contact with the other, preferably in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in the type-blank, this movement, of course, resulting in the formation of a type by a movement both depthwise and sidewise of the blank or bar.
  • One of the most important features of my present invention consists in compressing different portions of the edgev of a typebarblank to difierent depths in forming different types, the compressing action being first carried down far enough to fill each die and completely form the type, and afterward continue to shift the position of the type and carry the latter down to any desired depth, the object of this being to form types of different sizes at different points in the depth of the bar and then carry all of them down to a common level and aline the various typefaces by this continuation of the compressing action to such common level.
  • a typebar-blank on Which the individual type-blanks operated u on Will taper toward their faces, such blan is being ordinarily of gradually-increasing cross-sectional areas from the faces to the bases thereof.
  • the positions at which larger and smaller types will be completely formed will usually correspond to the sizes of such types, the smaller types being completed at or near the upper ends of the tapering type-blanks and t 1.8 larger types farther down where the cross-sectional area of the type-blank corresponds more closely to the area of the face of the type to be formed.
  • the type-forming operations should be carried out in such a manner in making types of different sizes as to assure the shifting of the completed types sidewise with the base lines of their faces in a common position-that is, to a common baselinewith respect to the ad.- jacent wall of the bar.
  • Figure 1 is an end elevation illustrating a die-wheel and a space-forming tool cooperating with a typebar-blank and its carrier for forming types in accordance with my present process.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sections of a die and a blank illustrating, respectively, the operations for forming a small type and afterward carrying down such completed type to a determined level.
  • Figs. +1 and 5 are similar views illustrating the formation and subsequent carrying down of a type of medium size. Similar views illustrating the formation and subsequent carrying down of a type of large size.
  • Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a die, a typebar-blank, and a slot-forming reducing tool cooperative with each other, and illustrates the manner in which successive types are formed on a typebar-blank.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a typebar-blank having a series of partially-finished types thereon, and illustrates the completion of the typeforming operation at different depths for types of different sizes
  • Fig. 10 is atransverse section of a bevel-edged typebar-blank
  • Figs. 11 and 12 are side and end elevations, re spectively, of a simple species of iechanism adapted to operate in accordance with my present invention; and
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a slotting tool and means for adjusting the same.
  • the type-forming operation may be carried out in any proper manner, but while hand-operated tools may be employed for the purpose, suitable mechanism will ordinarily be used.
  • a single die is shown herein for shaping each individual type on the edge of a blank.
  • Any proper type-die may be employed, and this maybe mounted in any desired manner, though I prefer to support one or more type-dies, such as d, on a carrier, such as D, which carrier may be secured to a shaft, such as 2, having a movement of revolution about another axis, which, in the simple mechanism illustrated in a conventional way in the present drawings, is defined by a separate shaft 25, journaled in standards Figs.
  • This carrier also has a movement of rotation about its own axis, the resultant movement of each die when its carrier is rotating and revolving being, of course, a cycloidal one, as indicated in. Fig. 1. 1 may also make use of any suitable means for the purpose of reducing or notching the edge of a typebar-blank to set off thereon a type-blank on which a die may operate, but I prefer. to employ a slot-forming reducing tool, such as a.
  • This saw u is preferably pivoted near the toe thereof on a suitable support, such as 20, which may )e an arm forming part of a rotary turret, the axis of which is in this case the axis of revolution of the die-carrier D. Said saw may normally beheld out of the path of a typebarblank on which it is to operate and may be shifted to its working position in.
  • any suitable manner as by means of an arm or link 21, pivoted to said saw near the heel thereof, it being intended to project the heel of this saw outward just before the revolution of the saw brings it adjacent to the blank, the saw and the die or dies being disposed in different planes in order that said saw may slot the edge of the typebar-blank in advance of the type formed by a die and thus set off another type-blank in. advance of a finished type.
  • the saw a will, of course, gradually cut into the stock of the typebar-blank, owing to the fact that the heel of the saw is farthest from its center of movement, and moreover said saw may have both peripheral and side cutting teeth, as shown at 21 and 21", the side cutting being inclined in this case in order that one side of each type-blank set off on the edge of a typebarblank may be oblique to the edge of the bar.
  • the blank which may be of any material suitable for the purpose, but will usually be a type-metal of proper composition, will or dinarily be a typebar-blank substantially such as shown herein at b, that edge of said blank on which the types are to be formed being beveled in this case so as to taper toward the faces of the types, and.
  • the typeblank set off on the edge of the typebar-blank will not only taper toward the face thereof, but will also be substantially pyramidal or frustopyramidal, and thus present to the compressing action of a die during the type-forming operation a type-formative body increasing not only in cross-sectional area from the face to the base thereof, but also a body the two dimensions of any cross-sectional area of which will both increase from the face to the base of the type-blank.
  • the typebar-blank i) may be supported inany suitable manner, as, for instance, by means of a holder, such as is indicated at B.
  • either the blankholder or the die-carrier may be actuated to produce the desired result, but in the present case the whole operation of forming a type is intended to be carried out by operating the die which may be used in such a manner that it will have a movement both depthwise and sidewise of the blank, this movement being preferably a cycloidal one derived from the rotation of the revolving die-carrier in substantially the manner shown herein, in order that the whole operation of making each type and carrying it down to its final position may be performed by a single movement.
  • the selected die when the selected die is to be operated to form a type it is carried in a cycloidal path into and out of engagement with the edge of the blank and the operations of forming the type and carrying it down to its final position will be substantially continuous; that is to say, the formation of a type and the carrying down of that type to determined level by a die may be accomplished most advantageously by the movement of a die traversing one portion of a given path during the forming of a type and another portion of the same path during the carrying down of such type.
  • a special advantage of employing a die of the construction shown in the drawings is that it permits the con finement of the type-blank and the shaping thereof by a body which operates as a single mechanical part, and indeed is actually constructed in one piece, although it has many functions that might be carried out by a large number of tools each having a single function.
  • the principal feature of construction that distinguishes the die illustrated herein from other type-dies is the employment in connection with the die proper of one or more blades or fins, preferably one at ca ah side of the die, for the purpose of confining flowage of the type-blank in a direction endwise of the bar and assuring the flow age of surplus stock sidewise.
  • the type-dies shown herein have two blades each, one of them being designated by 5 and the other by 5, and these blades serve to confine between them endwise of the bar the material in any type-blank operated. upon, but as there are no corresponding end walls on the die to check sidewise flowage during compression the material will, of course, be free to flow out crosswise of the bar.
  • Each of the blades 5 and 5 projects, usually throughout its entire length, beyond the outer wall or bottom wall 6 of its die, and hence throughout the whole period during which a type is being formed these blades serve to confine between them the mass of material that is being shaped, while the bottom 6 of the die serves to roll out sidewise substantially all of the material not required for the making of said type. None of the surplus material is operated upon in such a manner as to force it into the field of an adjacent type, but instead all of the eX- cess is rolled or? sidewise of theblank and may be severed from the bar to bring the sides of the latter into parallelism with each other.
  • Each of the type-blanks maybe set off on the edge of the typebar-blank by slotting the edge of such typebar-blank, thisaction being carried out in the present case by the saw 'Lt preferably operating in advance of the die that is to form the type from such typeblank.
  • Each type-blank so set off should have a face of less area than its base, this result being obtained by forming one wall of the type-blank, preferably an end well thereof, oblique to the face of the type-blank, while the opposite wall may be perpendicular to such base. In this case I have shown an oblique rear wall 10 and a perpendicular for ward wall 12.
  • a type-blank formed in this manner is of gradually-increasing crosssectional area from the face to the base thereof, yet one dimension of any given cross-seetional area would be constant were the blank shaped only in the manner just described.
  • each type-blank will not only taper toward its face but will also be inclined forward and will have a substantially pyramidal or frusto-pyramidal contour.
  • both dimensions of the cross-sectional areas thereof increase from the face to the base of the type, and when dies having die-spaces of different sizes-tlr at is to say, of different lengths or widths, or both arebrought down upon such tyne-blanks to form types therefrom the level at which any die will be filled and the type completely formed will be determined principally by the relation between the two dimensions of any cross-sectional area of the blank and the corresponding dimensions of the die-space, the depth to which the compressing action is carried for the purpose 'of filling the die-space and completely forming a type being approxipletel inately proportional to the size of such dic space.
  • This continued type-forming action results in lowe g the type to a determined point, shifting the angle of its face to bring such face into a determined plane, changing the angle of the finished type by tipping the same sidewise until the longitudinal of the type is in the plane of the bar, and shifting such finished type sidewise to aline the same in the vertical longitudinal plane of the typebar and bring the base line of the face of such finished type to a determined baseline common to all of the types to be me e on said
  • Another result of continuing the type-forming action after the type has been completely formed is that the resistance of the solid stock below the fin-- ished type to the type-forming action is so great that While the surplus metal will. be rolled sidewise beyond the edges of the bar the resistance opposed to this compressing action Will result in condensing more perfectly the metal contained in the type proper.
  • FIGs. 4 and 5 I have illustrated the operation of forming a type of medium size considerahl" larger than hat shown in Figs. 2
  • the die employed which is designated by d, differs from the the (Z principally by reason of the fact that it has a larger die-space and hence is adapted to form a type of larger size. F or this reason the tyyive-forming movement of such die, When traveling along th branch of the cycloii curve 19-19 to the cusp 1?), proceeds farther along such conferenceeh before the die is comfilled than is th case when the die d is operated to form the type t. This will be evident by referring to Fig. 4:, from Which it will be seen that the type-forming action is carried down much farther depthwise of the bar than isthe casein the type-forming operation illustrated in Fig.
  • Figs. 6' and 7 I have shown the operation of forming a type considerably larger than that illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the die cl has a correspondingly larger diespace, and hence such space will not be completely filled until the type-forming action has been carried farther down into the pyramid a1 type-blanl than is the case in forming either of the types t and t.
  • the type t formed by the die at is completely finished by the filling of the die cl at a point even nearer the cusp 19 than the die (1 is filled.
  • the die c in carrying the finished type 16 down to the predetermined level and aiming its face 15 with the faces 15 and 15 the die c will have a shorter distance along the branch 19 of the cycloidal curve before it reaches the cusp, and the type-forming action will be continued for only a short distance depthwise of the bar. This movement, however, is sufficient to aline the baseline of the face of the type 15 ith the corresponding edges of the types t and t.
  • the types will usually be formed successively on the edge of the typebar-blanlr, and after any one type-blank has been set off and a type shaped therefrom the operation may be repeated until the typebar is finished.
  • the operating crank handle 29 will, as its movement continues, bring a spring pressed detent 30 into engagement with a notch 31 in a fixed disk 31. In this position of the parts it is designed that the saw it shall be adjusted a distance corresponding to the Width of the next type to be made. This may be done by means of a suitable adjusting device such, for instance, as that shown more particularly in Fig. 13.
  • the device comprises a screw 32 engaging with the arm 20 and having a flange 32 which enters a notch 32 in a supporting stud 33 extending from the saw, which latter is so mounted as to ermit of its adjustment.
  • the heel of the saw is moved downwardly by the eccentric 34 and the cut is made in the blank.
  • the detent 30 is brought into engagement with a notch 31".
  • the feed screw 34.- may then be actuated by turning the crank-handle 34 to shift the holder B slidably mounted in the support 27 and bring the proper portion of the blank into the plane of the die carrier.
  • the carrier 28 When the detent shall have entered the notch 31 the carrier 28 will be upon the point of engaging with the rack 28.
  • the die carrier may now be adjusted by turning the shaft 2 (a head 35 being here provided for conveniently effecting this adjustment) to bring the chosen type into such a position that when the gear wheel rolls over the rack such die will be brought into )roper engagement with the edge of the blanl r and form the type.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates the position of the parts when the forming of the die is taking place. A repetition of this procedure serves to make a line of type along the edge of the blank.
  • Fig. 9 The appearance of types, some of different sizes, at difierent stages in the type-forming o eration is shown in Fig. 9, in which 1 have illustrated four types, the first of which is finished and the other three of which are partially finished and lie at different depths in the blank.
  • the typebar-blank may be beveled along its upper side edges in any proper manner and at any suitable time before the making of the respective types thereon, but as one of the main objects of the invention is to simplify the operation as much as possible the blank will ordinarily be provided with beveled edges during manufacture, so that the sides thereof will not have to be shaped specially during the type-forming process.
  • the small fins f rolled off sidewise by the dies may be removed at any proper time and in any suitable manner, preferably after all of the types have been formed on the typebar.
  • spaces between groups of letters or words may be formed in any suitable way, preferably by means of blank dies, (not shown,) which will roll the metal off and carry down the faces of the blank spaces to the proper depths.
  • These spaces may be of any suitable widths and of course the letters themselves will be of varying widths, but in all cases it is desirable to form between the words spaces of such widths as to make ty ebars of uniform lengths whether the blank spaces be of the same width or of varying widths, thus assuring the formation of typebars having the types thereon properly spaced.
  • I claim 1 That improvement in the art of making types on a partially formed typebar having one or more finished types thereon, which consists in rolling the edge of the blank crosswise with a type forming die and progressively advancing the die even though the die be completely filled to thereby bring the new type into alinement with the previously formed type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in imparting to one of the following members-viz., a type-blank and a type-diea rolling compressing movement depthwise and crosswise of the blank while in contact with the other member and until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression in contact with a type-die and therey shifting the position of the completed type.
  • That improvement in the art of making I a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said typeblank to compression in contact with a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the com pleted type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said type-blank to compression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression depthwise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type depthwise of said blank.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said typeblank to compression in contact with a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression both depthwise and crosswise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the comfieteiil type depthwise and crosswise of the 6.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a ty e-blank having a face of less area than its ase, rolling said type-blank in contact with a type-die until the die-space is Y filled and the type completely formed, and l continuing such rolling in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following members-via, the type blank and a typediea rolling compressing movement in contact with the other until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such rolling compressing movement in contact with a type die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following members via, the type-blank and a type-diewhile in contact with the other a rolling movement in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in such type-blank and thereby filling the die-space and completely forming a type, and compressing the completed type depthwise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of said completed type.
  • a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following membersviz., the type-blank and a type-die-y hile in contact with the other a rolling movement in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in such type-blank and thereby fillin the die-space and completely forming; a type, and continuing said cycloidal movement while the completed type is in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of said completed type dep'thwise of the blank.
  • That improvement in the art of maka type which consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a ty eblank having an oblique end wall, and su jecting such type-blank to compression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed.
  • That improvement in the art of male inga type which consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a type-blank having an oblique rear wall, and subjecting such type-blank to com arcssion in contact with a type-die until the d e-space is filled and the type completely formed.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in shaping a por tion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a type-blank having an oblique rear wall and a perpendicular forward wall, and subjecting such type-blank to compression in contact w th a type-d1e until the diespace is filled and the type completely formed.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type whlch consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to forma forwardly-inclined type-blank, and subjecting such type-blank to comiression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a pyramidal type-blank, subjecting such type-blank to compression in contact vith a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such com )ression in contact with a type-die and there y shifting the position of the completed type.
  • a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with a pair of type-dies until the die-sp aces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the higher ty e to the level of the other type and there y alining; the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a type-bar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with a pair of type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the higher type to the level of the other type and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing diil'erent portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with typedies having die-spaces of different sizes until the diespaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alming the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in successively compressing different portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-s aaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alinin the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in successively compressing different portions of the edge of a typehar-hlank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compressing operations successive- I sively to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar from a bevel-edged typebarblank which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of such typebar blank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to form type-blanks having faces of less areas than their bases, compressing said typeblanks to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of mak ing a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to form type-blanks of different sizes and havin faces of less areas than their bases, compressing said type-blanks to different depths in contact with type-dies having diespaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebarblank to form pyramidal type-blanks of different sizes, compressing said type-blanks to differ ent depths in contact with type-dies having die spaces of different sizes until the diespaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank different distances depthwise and crosswise of the bar while in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes and until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types.depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank difierent distances depthwise and crosswise of the bar while in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes and until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and sidewise to a common base line and thereby alining the faces and also the base lines of the faces of said types.
  • a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank in contact with a pair of type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes to different depths approximately proportional to the sizes of the die-spaces until the latter are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the smaller type to the level of the larger type and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
  • That improvement in the-art of malt ing a type on a partially formed typebar having one or more finished types thereon which consists in first filling the (lie cavity of a selected die by rolling the edge of the blank crosswise and in then continuing the rolling action after the die cavity has been filled and until the new type has been brought into alinement with the previously formed type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die cavity capacities which consists in working the edge of the blank with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the working of each die, even though the die cavity be filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printingface of the line of type.
  • That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die cavity capacities which consists in rolling the edge of the blank with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the rolling with each die, even though the die cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
  • T hat improvement in the art of making a line of tvp-e with type dies having various die cavity capacities which consists in shaping the edge of the blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the sha with each uic, even though the die cavity has been tilled, until the impression face of the forming type is ljzrought into the plane of the printing l ace of the line.
  • That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies which consists in working the blank with the dies in a desired order, until the impression face of the forming type is brou ht into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
  • That improvement in the art ol making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities, which consists in working the blank cross-wise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such worhing with each die, even though the diecavity has been filled, until the impression lace ol' the lmining type is brought into the plane of the printing l'ace of the line of type.
  • That iinproveterrorism'it in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities which consists in working a certain portion of a blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working of each die, even though the die-cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line oi type.
  • That nproveinent in the art of male ing a line oi type with ype dies having various diecavity capacities which consists in working certain portions of a blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working with each die, even though the die-cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
  • That improvement in the art 01' 1nak ing a line ol' type which consists in setting oil a working zone upon a blank, impressing a type die upon said zone for forming a type and then transposing the printing face of said type to a predetermined printing lace plane.
  • That improvement in the art of making a line of type which consists of successively setting off pyramidal working Zones upon the edge of a blank, impressing a die against said working zone and forming a type at a plane beyond the predetermined impression face plane of the line of type, and tllien transposing said finished type into said p ane.
  • That improvement in the art of mak- 7 ing a line of type with type dies having vari-' ous dle-cavity areas WlllCll consists in successively setting off on the edge of a blank pyramidal Work section e ual to the diecavity area of each of the d168, and then im-' posing a selected die upon said Working zone until the die-cavity area has been completed, and then continuing the impressing operation until the formed type has been brought toward the base of said pyramidand into a predetermined impression face plane.

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Description

P. H. RICHARDS.
ART OF MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2. 1901.
919,219. Patented A 0,1909.
3 an sHB'ET- 1.
Vfiitnessem Inn/enter.
15 V II/ t Patented Apr. 20, 1909.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
THI MORRIS PirzR: c0. MENU 40m", 0. c4
APPLICATION FILED TAR. 2. 1901- Patented Apr.20, 1909.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,
7 TO AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIC CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.
ART 01" MAKING TYPES AND TYPE-BARS.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, FRANors H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Making Types and Type-Bars, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the art of making types and type-bars, and especially to a method of making from a solid blank or bar of metal a typebar adapted for use in the typographic art for printing a line of characters.
In the present process the type-forming operation does not cease at the moment that the die-space is completely filled, but instead the compressing action is continued and the position of the completed type is shifted, this latter operation resulting ordinarily in condensing more perfectly the metal in the completed type, owing to the increased resistance opposed to the compressing action by the body of the blank below the finished type, while it also serves to carry the finished type to any point at which it may be desired to standardize the heights of the types and hence bring their printing faces to a common level. Moreover in this process the faces of the type-blanks to be shaped into types may be made of less areas than their bases without employing special tools for each individual type-blank, or a single tool operated in a different manner for the shaping of each such type-blank; and indeed the areas of the faces of these type-blanks may be made less than the areas of their bases in advance of any type-forming operation upon such typeblank or typebar-blank. For the purpose of accomplishing these results I prefer to make use of the type-blank or typebar blank havinga beveled or wedge-shaped upper end, the edge of the blank on which the type or types are to be formed being preferably tapered a distance approximately equal to the depth.
to which the type-forming action is to extend. The compressing action which is exerted upon the blank by the die will preferably eXtend both'depthwise and crosswise of the former in order that the type may be shifted in two directions, the object of this being to bring the face of the type to a determined plane'and also to bring the base line of the type face to a determined position Specification of Letters IPatent.
Application filed. January 2, 1901.
Patented April 20, 1909.
Serial No. 41,830.
relative to the adjacent wall of the blank. The blank may, of course, be operated upon in any suitable manner to produce these results, but preferably the types will be formed by a rolling operation, one of the two coacting members-viz., the blank and the dieusually having a rolling movement imparted to it while in contact with the other, preferably in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in the type-blank, this movement, of course, resulting in the formation of a type by a movement both depthwise and sidewise of the blank or bar.
One of the most important features of my present invention consists in compressing different portions of the edgev of a typebarblank to difierent depths in forming different types, the compressing action being first carried down far enough to fill each die and completely form the type, and afterward continue to shift the position of the type and carry the latter down to any desired depth, the object of this being to form types of different sizes at different points in the depth of the bar and then carry all of them down to a common level and aline the various typefaces by this continuation of the compressing action to such common level. For the purpose of accomplishing this result I prefer to make use of a typebar-blank on Which the individual type-blanks operated u on Will taper toward their faces, such blan is being ordinarily of gradually-increasing cross-sectional areas from the faces to the bases thereof. The positions at which larger and smaller types will be completely formed will usually correspond to the sizes of such types, the smaller types being completed at or near the upper ends of the tapering type-blanks and t 1.8 larger types farther down where the cross-sectional area of the type-blank corresponds more closely to the area of the face of the type to be formed. Where two or more types of different sizes are formed on tapering type-blanks on the edge of a typebar-blank these t es will be finished at different levels in The heights of the typeblanks and thereafter the compressing action will be continued in such a manner as to carry down the higher and smaller type or types to a determined level, all of the types, both small and large, being preferably carried down below the points at which they are 7 action being continued until said types have their faces alined in a common surface.
As it is equally important to aline the base lines of the faces of the types in making a series of types on a type-bar the type-forming operations should be carried out in such a manner in making types of different sizes as to assure the shifting of the completed types sidewise with the base lines of their faces in a common position-that is, to a common baselinewith respect to the ad.- jacent wall of the bar.
In. the drawings accompanying this specification, Figure 1 is an end elevation illustrating a die-wheel and a space-forming tool cooperating with a typebar-blank and its carrier for forming types in accordance with my present process. Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sections of a die and a blank illustrating, respectively, the operations for forming a small type and afterward carrying down such completed type to a determined level. Figs. +1 and 5 are similar views illustrating the formation and subsequent carrying down of a type of medium size. similar views illustrating the formation and subsequent carrying down of a type of large size. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a die, a typebar-blank, and a slot-forming reducing tool cooperative with each other, and illustrates the manner in which successive types are formed on a typebar-blank. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a typebar-blank having a series of partially-finished types thereon, and illustrates the completion of the typeforming operation at different depths for types of different sizes Fig. 10 is atransverse section of a bevel-edged typebar-blank Figs. 11 and 12 are side and end elevations, re spectively, of a simple species of iechanism adapted to operate in accordance with my present invention; and Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a slotting tool and means for adjusting the same.
Similar characters designate like parts in the different figures of the drawings.
The type-forming operation may be carried out in any proper manner, but while hand-operated tools may be employed for the purpose, suitable mechanism will ordinarily be used. Moreover, as an important feature of the present invention is the simplification of the process of forming a type or types, a single die is shown herein for shaping each individual type on the edge of a blank. Any proper type-die may be employed, and this maybe mounted in any desired manner, though I prefer to support one or more type-dies, such as d, on a carrier, such as D, which carrier may be secured to a shaft, such as 2, having a movement of revolution about another axis, which, in the simple mechanism illustrated in a conventional way in the present drawings, is defined by a separate shaft 25, journaled in standards Figs. 6 and 7 are 26 erected upon a base 27. This carrier also has a movement of rotation about its own axis, the resultant movement of each die when its carrier is rotating and revolving being, of course, a cycloidal one, as indicated in. Fig. 1. 1 may also make use of any suitable means for the purpose of reducing or notching the edge of a typebar-blank to set off thereon a type-blank on which a die may operate, but I prefer. to employ a slot-forming reducing tool, such as a. This saw u is preferably pivoted near the toe thereof on a suitable support, such as 20, which may )e an arm forming part of a rotary turret, the axis of which is in this case the axis of revolution of the die-carrier D. Said saw may normally beheld out of the path of a typebarblank on which it is to operate and may be shifted to its working position in. any suitable manner, as by means of an arm or link 21, pivoted to said saw near the heel thereof, it being intended to project the heel of this saw outward just before the revolution of the saw brings it adjacent to the blank, the saw and the die or dies being disposed in different planes in order that said saw may slot the edge of the typebar-blank in advance of the type formed by a die and thus set off another type-blank in. advance of a finished type. The saw a will, of course, gradually cut into the stock of the typebar-blank, owing to the fact that the heel of the saw is farthest from its center of movement, and moreover said saw may have both peripheral and side cutting teeth, as shown at 21 and 21", the side cutting being inclined in this case in order that one side of each type-blank set off on the edge of a typebarblank may be oblique to the edge of the bar.
The blank, which may be of any material suitable for the purpose, but will usually be a type-metal of proper composition, will or dinarily be a typebar-blank substantially such as shown herein at b, that edge of said blank on which the types are to be formed being beveled in this case so as to taper toward the faces of the types, and. hence when tapering saw cuts, such as that just described, are made in a bevel-edged bar, such as that shown herein, the typeblank set off on the edge of the typebar-blank will not only taper toward the face thereof, but will also be substantially pyramidal or frustopyramidal, and thus present to the compressing action of a die during the type-forming operation a type-formative body increasing not only in cross-sectional area from the face to the base thereof, but also a body the two dimensions of any cross-sectional area of which will both increase from the face to the base of the type-blank. The typebar-blank i) may be supported inany suitable manner, as, for instance, by means of a holder, such as is indicated at B.
It will be evident that either the blankholder or the die-carrier may be actuated to produce the desired result, but in the present case the whole operation of forming a type is intended to be carried out by operating the die which may be used in such a manner that it will have a movement both depthwise and sidewise of the blank, this movement being preferably a cycloidal one derived from the rotation of the revolving die-carrier in substantially the manner shown herein, in order that the whole operation of making each type and carrying it down to its final position may be performed by a single movement. Hence when the selected die is to be operated to form a type it is carried in a cycloidal path into and out of engagement with the edge of the blank and the operations of forming the type and carrying it down to its final position will be substantially continuous; that is to say, the formation of a type and the carrying down of that type to determined level by a die may be accomplished most advantageously by the movement of a die traversing one portion of a given path during the forming of a type and another portion of the same path during the carrying down of such type.
The operation of forming a type will be effected ordinarily by means of a die substantially of the construction shown herein, but
other types of dies may be used to accomplish the same result. A special advantage of employing a die of the construction shown in the drawings is that it permits the con finement of the type-blank and the shaping thereof by a body which operates as a single mechanical part, and indeed is actually constructed in one piece, although it has many functions that might be carried out by a large number of tools each having a single function. The principal feature of construction that distinguishes the die illustrated herein from other type-dies is the employment in connection with the die proper of one or more blades or fins, preferably one at ca ah side of the die, for the purpose of confining flowage of the type-blank in a direction endwise of the bar and assuring the flow age of surplus stock sidewise. of the bar where it will not interfere with an adjacent type or fill up a space between the two types. The type-dies shown herein have two blades each, one of them being designated by 5 and the other by 5, and these blades serve to confine between them endwise of the bar the material in any type-blank operated. upon, but as there are no corresponding end walls on the die to check sidewise flowage during compression the material will, of course, be free to flow out crosswise of the bar. Each of the blades 5 and 5 projects, usually throughout its entire length, beyond the outer wall or bottom wall 6 of its die, and hence throughout the whole period during which a type is being formed these blades serve to confine between them the mass of material that is being shaped, while the bottom 6 of the die serves to roll out sidewise substantially all of the material not required for the making of said type. None of the surplus material is operated upon in such a manner as to force it into the field of an adjacent type, but instead all of the eX- cess is rolled or? sidewise of theblank and may be severed from the bar to bring the sides of the latter into parallelism with each other.
Each of the type-blanks maybe set off on the edge of the typebar-blank by slotting the edge of such typebar-blank, thisaction being carried out in the present case by the saw 'Lt preferably operating in advance of the die that is to form the type from such typeblank. Each type-blank so set off should have a face of less area than its base, this result being obtained by forming one wall of the type-blank, preferably an end well thereof, oblique to the face of the type-blank, while the opposite wall may be perpendicular to such base. In this case I have shown an oblique rear wall 10 and a perpendicular for ward wall 12. While a type-blank formed in this manner is of gradually-increasing crosssectional area from the face to the base thereof, yet one dimension of any given cross-seetional area would be constant were the blank shaped only in the manner just described. For the purpose of gradually increasing the other dimension of each cross-sectional area of the blank I prefer to form each type from a type-blank which also tapers in the plane of its other dimension, this being preferably accomplished by forming the types on the edge of a typebar-blank which at its type-forming edge is beveled or wedge shaped in cross-section, this typebanblank having in the present case a pair of beveled side walls 13 and 13 converging toward each other. When type-blanks are set off in the manner before described on the ed 'e of a typebar-blank beveled in the manner just stated it will be evident that each type-blank will not only taper toward its face but will also be inclined forward and will have a substantially pyramidal or frusto-pyramidal contour. Hence in such a type-blank both dimensions of the cross-sectional areas thereof increase from the face to the base of the type, and when dies having die-spaces of different sizes-tlr at is to say, of different lengths or widths, or both arebrought down upon such tyne-blanks to form types therefrom the level at which any die will be filled and the type completely formed will be determined principally by the relation between the two dimensions of any cross-sectional area of the blank and the corresponding dimensions of the die-space, the depth to which the compressing action is carried for the purpose 'of filling the die-space and completely forming a type being approxipletel inately proportional to the size of such dic space.
The operation of forming types of difierent sizes and afterward carrying down the finished types to a common level in the typebar and also bringing the base lines of the faces of such types to a common. position With respect to the adjacent side of a typebar are clearly shown in Figs. 2 to 7, inclusive, in Figs. and 3 of which I have illustrated how a small type t is first formed from tapering type-blank at relatively higl'i level of the type-blank and with its face and body at considerable angles to, and considerable distances from, their true positions; While in Fig. 3 I have SliOWH how the position of such completed small type may shifted by continuing the rollii'ig or cycloidal movement of the die d to a proper depth and carrying down bodily both the finished type and the metal of the typebar-hlani-: innnediately below the same. This continued type-forming action results in lowe g the type to a determined point, shifting the angle of its face to bring such face into a determined plane, changing the angle of the finished type by tipping the same sidewise until the longitudinal of the type is in the plane of the bar, and shifting such finished type sidewise to aline the same in the vertical longitudinal plane of the typebar and bring the base line of the face of such finished type to a determined baseline common to all of the types to be me e on said Another result of continuing the type-forming action after the type has been completely formed is that the resistance of the solid stock below the fin-- ished type to the type-forming action is so great that While the surplus metal will. be rolled sidewise beyond the edges of the bar the resistance opposed to this compressing action Will result in condensing more perfectly the metal contained in the type proper.
In Figs. 4 and 5 I have illustrated the operation of forming a type of medium size considerahl" larger than hat shown in Figs. 2
Uriel and 3. Here the die employed, which is designated by d, differs from the the (Z principally by reason of the fact that it has a larger die-space and hence is adapted to form a type of larger size. F or this reason the tyyive-forming movement of such die, When traveling along th branch of the cycloii curve 19-19 to the cusp 1?), proceeds farther along such hraneh before the die is comfilled than is th case when the die d is operated to form the type t. This will be evident by referring to Fig. 4:, from Which it will be seen that the type-forming action is carried down much farther depthwise of the bar than isthe casein the type-forming operation illustrated in Fig. 2, and moreover such medium-sized type, which is designated hereb t, is com iletely formed at a different point in the \vinth of the bar from that at which the type t is formed. After the type t has been completely formed by the filling of the die-space of the die (1 said type should be carried down to the level of the type t, that is, to a point Where the faces 15 and 15 of such types Will be in a common plane depthwise of the bar, but it will be evident that this continuation of the type-forming action in the case of the type i will differ from the continuation of the type-forming action in the case of the type t in that the (lie will not move as far in one case as in the other, the distance between the cusp 19 and that point in the branch 19 at Which the die d is filled being shorter than the distance from such cusp to the point at which the die (Z fills. This continuation, however, of the movement of the die and of the type-forming action results in carrying down the face 15 to the predetermined or common level and also in alining the base line of the face of the finished type t with that of the type t.
In Figs. 6' and 7 I have shown the operation of forming a type considerably larger than that illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. Here the die cl has a correspondingly larger diespace, and hence such space will not be completely filled until the type-forming action has been carried farther down into the pyramid a1 type-blanl than is the case in forming either of the types t and t. The type t formed by the die at is completely finished by the filling of the die cl at a point even nearer the cusp 19 than the die (1 is filled. Hence in carrying the finished type 16 down to the predetermined level and aiming its face 15 with the faces 15 and 15 the die c will have a shorter distance along the branch 19 of the cycloidal curve before it reaches the cusp, and the type-forming action will be continued for only a short distance depthwise of the bar. This movement, however, is sufficient to aline the baseline of the face of the type 15 ith the corresponding edges of the types t and t.
The types will usually be formed successively on the edge of the typebar-blanlr, and after any one type-blank has been set off and a type shaped therefrom the operation may be repeated until the typebar is finished. Thus, in operating the simple mechanism illustrated herein, after a selected die (Z has made a type by rolling over the edge of the blank (a positive rolling being assured in this instance by the engagement of a spur gear 28 With a curved rack 28) the operating crank handle 29 will, as its movement continues, bring a spring pressed detent 30 into engagement with a notch 31 in a fixed disk 31. In this position of the parts it is designed that the saw it shall be adjusted a distance corresponding to the Width of the next type to be made. This may be done by means of a suitable adjusting device such, for instance, as that shown more particularly in Fig. 13.
The device, as there shown, comprises a screw 32 engaging with the arm 20 and having a flange 32 which enters a notch 32 in a supporting stud 33 extending from the saw, which latter is so mounted as to ermit of its adjustment. Upon turning t e crank handle 29, after this adjustment has been made, the heel of the saw is moved downwardly by the eccentric 34 and the cut is made in the blank. Some time after this ocours, and by reason of the continued movement of the crank handle 29, the detent 30 is brought into engagement with a notch 31". The feed screw 34.- may then be actuated by turning the crank-handle 34 to shift the holder B slidably mounted in the support 27 and bring the proper portion of the blank into the plane of the die carrier. When the detent shall have entered the notch 31 the carrier 28 will be upon the point of engaging with the rack 28. The die carrier may now be adjusted by turning the shaft 2 (a head 35 being here provided for conveniently effecting this adjustment) to bring the chosen type into such a position that when the gear wheel rolls over the rack such die will be brought into )roper engagement with the edge of the blanl r and form the type. Fig. 12 illustrates the position of the parts when the forming of the die is taking place. A repetition of this procedure serves to make a line of type along the edge of the blank.
The appearance of types, some of different sizes, at difierent stages in the type-forming o eration is shown in Fig. 9, in which 1 have illustrated four types, the first of which is finished and the other three of which are partially finished and lie at different depths in the blank.
It should be understood, of course, that the typebar-blank may be beveled along its upper side edges in any proper manner and at any suitable time before the making of the respective types thereon, but as one of the main objects of the invention is to simplify the operation as much as possible the blank will ordinarily be provided with beveled edges during manufacture, so that the sides thereof will not have to be shaped specially during the type-forming process.
The small fins f rolled off sidewise by the dies may be removed at any proper time and in any suitable manner, preferably after all of the types have been formed on the typebar.
It should, of course, be understood that spaces between groups of letters or words may be formed in any suitable way, preferably by means of blank dies, (not shown,) which will roll the metal off and carry down the faces of the blank spaces to the proper depths. These spaces may be of any suitable widths and of course the letters themselves will be of varying widths, but in all cases it is desirable to form between the words spaces of such widths as to make ty ebars of uniform lengths whether the blank spaces be of the same width or of varying widths, thus assuring the formation of typebars having the types thereon properly spaced.
Having described my invention, I claim 1. That improvement in the art of making types on a partially formed typebar having one or more finished types thereon, which consists in rolling the edge of the blank crosswise with a type forming die and progressively advancing the die even though the die be completely filled to thereby bring the new type into alinement with the previously formed type.
2. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in imparting to one of the following members-viz., a type-blank and a type-diea rolling compressing movement depthwise and crosswise of the blank while in contact with the other member and until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression in contact with a type-die and therey shifting the position of the completed type.
3. That improvement in the art of making I a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said typeblank to compression in contact with a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the com pleted type.
4. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said type-blank to compression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression depthwise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type depthwise of said blank.
5. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, subjecting said typeblank to compression in contact with a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such compression both depthwise and crosswise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the comfieteiil type depthwise and crosswise of the 6. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a ty e-blank having a face of less area than its ase, rolling said type-blank in contact with a type-die until the die-space is Y filled and the type completely formed, and l continuing such rolling in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type.
7. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following members-via, the type blank and a typediea rolling compressing movement in contact with the other until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such rolling compressing movement in contact with a type die and thereby shifting the position of the completed type.
8. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following members via, the type-blank and a type-diewhile in contact with the other a rolling movement in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in such type-blank and thereby filling the die-space and completely forming a type, and compressing the completed type depthwise of the blank while in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of said completed type.
9. That improvement in the art of making; a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a type-blank having a face of less area than its base, imparting to one of the following membersviz., the type-blank and a type-die-y hile in contact with the other a rolling movement in a cycloidal path the cusp of which is in such type-blank and thereby fillin the die-space and completely forming; a type, and continuing said cycloidal movement while the completed type is in contact with a type-die and thereby shifting the position of said completed type dep'thwise of the blank.
10. That improvement in the art of maka type, which consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a ty eblank having an oblique end wall, and su jecting such type-blank to compression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed.
11. That improvement in the art of male inga type which consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a type-blank having an oblique rear wall, and subjecting such type-blank to com arcssion in contact with a type-die until the d e-space is filled and the type completely formed.
12. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in shaping a por tion of the edge of a typebar-blank to form a type-blank having an oblique rear wall and a perpendicular forward wall, and subjecting such type-blank to compression in contact w th a type-d1e until the diespace is filled and the type completely formed.
1.3. That improvement in the art of making a type whlch consists in shaping a portion of the edge of a typebar-blank to forma forwardly-inclined type-blank, and subjecting such type-blank to comiression in contact with a type-die until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed.
14. That improvement in the art of making a type which consists in first shaping a blank to form a pyramidal type-blank, subjecting such type-blank to compression in contact vith a typedie until the die-space is filled and the type completely formed, and continuing such com )ression in contact with a type-die and there y shifting the position of the completed type.
15. That improvement in the art of making; a typebar, which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with a pair of type-dies until the die-sp aces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the higher ty e to the level of the other type and there y alining; the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
16. That improvement in the art of making a type-bar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with a pair of type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the higher type to the level of the other type and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
17. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing diil'erent portions of the edge of a typebarblank to different depths in contact with typedies having die-spaces of different sizes until the diespaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alming the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
18. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in successively compressing different portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-s aaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alinin the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
19. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in successively compressing different portions of the edge of a typehar-hlank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compressing operations succes- I sively to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
20. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in rolling different portions of the edge of a typebar-blank V transversely to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such rolling to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
21. That improvement in the art of making a typebar from a bevel-edged typebarblank, which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of such typebar blank to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
22. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to form type-blanks having faces of less areas than their bases, compressing said typeblanks to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
23. That improvement in the art of mak ing a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebar-blank to form type-blanks of different sizes and havin faces of less areas than their bases, compressing said type-blanks to different depths in contact with type-dies having diespaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
24. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in first shaping portions of the edge of a typebarblank to form pyramidal type-blanks of different sizes, compressing said type-blanks to differ ent depths in contact with type-dies having die spaces of different sizes until the diespaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
, 25. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in first sha ing portions of the edge of a typebar-blan to form frusto-pyramidal type-blanks of different sizes, compressing said type-blanks to different depths in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types length vise of the bar.
26. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank different distances depthwise and crosswise of the bar while in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes and until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and thereby alining the faces of said types.depthwise of the bar.
27. That improvement in the art of making a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank difierent distances depthwise and crosswise of the bar while in contact with type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes and until the die-spaces are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing such compression to a common level and sidewise to a common base line and thereby alining the faces and also the base lines of the faces of said types.
28. That improvement in the art of making, a typebar which consists in compressing different portions of the edge of a typebarblank in contact with a pair of type-dies having die-spaces of different sizes to different depths approximately proportional to the sizes of the die-spaces until the latter are filled and the types completely formed, and continuing the compression of the smaller type to the level of the larger type and thereby alining the faces of said types depthwise of the bar.
29. That improvement in the-art of malt ing a type on a partially formed typebar having one or more finished types thereon, which consists in first filling the (lie cavity of a selected die by rolling the edge of the blank crosswise and in then continuing the rolling action after the die cavity has been filled and until the new type has been brought into alinement with the previously formed type.
30. That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die cavity capacities, which consists in working the edge of the blank with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the working of each die, even though the die cavity be filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printingface of the line of type.
31. That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die cavity capacities, which consists in rolling the edge of the blank with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the rolling with each die, even though the die cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
32. T hat improvement in the art of making a line of tvp-e with type dies having various die cavity capacities, which consists in shaping the edge of the blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the sha with each uic, even though the die cavity has been tilled, until the impression face of the forming type is ljzrought into the plane of the printing l ace of the line. of tv Tl improvement in the art of makin I Line oi wrought type with type dies having die cavity capacities which consists in rolling the l nl: crosswise with selected dies in succession and in continuing the rolling action of each die, even though the die cavity be filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane oi the printing face of the 'ne of type.
es. iiiat ieprov nt in the art of Dialling a line of type wit type dies having various die cavity capacities, which consists in working the blank with the dies selectively and individually for hi" g the die cavity, and then continuing a like woriiing rriovenient until the formed type has been brought into a predetermined printing plane.
'h at improvement in the art of making a line of types which consists in working the blank with dies selectively chosen from a series of dies having diversity of die-cavity capacity until the die activity of the selected die is filled, and continuing the working until the impression l ce ol' the formed die is brought into a predeter;- med inipresshiin lace plane.
36. iat improv ment in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities, which consists in rolling and working a face of the blank with the dies in a desired order, and in continuing the working of each die, until the impression lace ol' the forn'iing type is brought into the plane oi" the printing "face of the line of type.
37. "l hat improvement in the art of making a line or" type with type dies having various diecavity capacities, which consists in working the blank coincident with the dies in a desired order, even though the diecavity be filled, until the impression :l'ace ol' the formed type is brought into the plane of the printing lace oi' the line of type.
38. That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies which consists in working the blank with the dies in a desired order, until the impression face of the forming type is brou ht into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
39. That iiii}')1'()VGiiil1t in the of making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities, which consists in working the edge of the blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working with each die, even though the diewavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
40. That improvement in the art ol making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities, which consists in working the blank cross-wise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such worhing with each die, even though the diecavity has been filled, until the impression lace ol' the lmining type is brought into the plane of the printing l'ace of the line of type.
ll. That i-ziproveinent in the art of making a line oi t pe with type dies having various die-@avity capacities, which consists in work'nig a portion of a blank cross-wise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working with each die, even though the die-cavity has been filled, until the impression lace of the i'orming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
42. That iinproveniei'it in the art of making a line of type with type dies having various die-cavity capacities, which consists in working a certain portion of a blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working of each die, even though the die-cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line oi type.
43. That nproveinent in the art of male ing a line oi type with ype dies having various diecavity capacities, which consists in working certain portions of a blank crosswise with the dies in a desired order, and then continuing such working with each die, even though the die-cavity has been filled, until the impression face of the forming type is brought into the plane of the printing face of the line of type.
A. That improvement in the art of making types which consists in rolling the edge of a blank cross-wise with a die and progressively advancing the die, even though the die be completely tilled, to thereby bring the new type into alineinent with the formed type.
That improvement in the art 01' 1nak ing a line ol' type which consists in setting oil a working zone upon a blank, impressing a type die upon said zone for forming a type and then transposing the printing face of said type to a predetermined printing lace plane.
46. That improvement in the art of making a line of type which consists of successively setting off pyramidal working Zones upon the edge of a blank, impressing a die against said working zone and forming a type at a plane beyond the predetermined impression face plane of the line of type, and tllien transposing said finished type into said p ane.
47. That improvement in the art of making a line of type with type dies having varithen imposing a selected die upon said working zone until the die-cavity area has been completed, and then continuing the impressing operation until the formed type has been brought toward the base of said pyramid and into a predetermined impression face plane.
48. That improvement in the art of mak- 7 ing a line of type with type dies having vari-' ous dle-cavity areas WlllCll consists in successively setting off on the edge of a blank pyramidal Work section e ual to the diecavity area of each of the d168, and then im-' posing a selected die upon said Working zone until the die-cavity area has been completed, and then continuing the impressing operation until the formed type has been brought toward the base of said pyramidand into a predetermined impression face plane.
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS.-
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