US914566A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

I A. L. GALUSHA. L INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. AfrLmATmN EILED APR.13, 1907.

914,566.. v Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

'l IH WITNESSES [NVENTOR A. L. GALUSHA.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.13, 1907.

9 11 4,566 n Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

a MEETS-SHEET a. .4? .i

k TNESSES A. L. GALUSHA.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Arr'mou'lox FILED APR. 13,

Patented Mar. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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V To all whom 'it may concern ALBERT LEE! eALUsHA, 0F noncnEsrEn, MASSACHUSETTS.

mmnrpconusnox ENG.

Be it known that 1, ALBERT Lnn'r or.

LUSHA, of Dorchester, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have ing vented certain new and. useful Improveq ments in Internal-Combustion Engines; and

I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to V which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines,-one object of the invention being to so construct such an engine, wherein compression is employed,

that the firing of the charge will occur other than at the dead center or its immediate vicinity.'

A further object is to so construct the engine as to effect complete compression of the charge outside of the combustion cylinder.

A further object is to eiiect com lete and se arate compression of the gas an air out.- si e of the combustion cylinder.

A further object is to provide cylinders wherein the gases can be compressed and which shall be so arranged with reference to the combustion chamber as to sup ly the latter with an explosive charge an cause no load on the bearings by the transfer of work of compression from the combustion cylinder to pump cylinders.

A further object is to so construct an internal combustion engine that two impulses to the Working piston within the combustion or motor cylinder to drive the same in op 0- site directions will be effected every revo l tion and a single connecting rod or pitman be employed between the working piston and the driven shaft of the engine.

'A further object is to provide an internal combustion enginehaving the total volume of the space within which completeconk' pression takes place, larger than the volume to which the burned gases are finally expanded before leaving the combustion cylinder.

A fur'ther object is to provide-an engine wherein complete compression of the charge takes place outside of the combustion chamber and to so construct the engine that it can burn, in the motor cylinder, a charge that, at atmospheric pressure would more thancompletely fill the motor cylinder.

A further object is to construct an internal combustion engine in such manner that a maximum amount of air and gas can be Specification of Letters Patent. '1 Lpplimfioit m A ril 1a, 1901. ms No. scum.

I made to enter the combustion or motor cyl Z inder at each stroke of the piston.

With these objects in view the invention consists in certain novel features of construc- 1 set forth and pointed out in the claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section through one unit of the engine. Fig. 2 is an end elevation. Fig. 3 is a view artly in section and partly in elevation. igi 4 is a vertical section through a pump cylinder and a receiver, and Fig. 5 is a view partly-in plan and partly in horizontal section showing the three cylinders comprised in one unit.

In the drawings I have illustrated an internal explosive engine comprising two units but as both of these units are precisely the same in construction and o oration, a doother.

A unit of the engine comprises three cylin ders 1, 2, and 3,the' cylinder 1 being the motor or combustion cylinder and the oylin d'ers 2 and 3 being pump cylinders. A working piston 4 is located within the motor cylinder 1 and is connected by a piston rod 5 with a cross-head 6 movable in guides 7, said cross-hcadzbeing connected by means of a itman 8 with a crank of a'driven shaft 9. he cross-head 6 is provided with lateral projections 10, 11, wit which are connected, respectively, piston rods 12 and 13, which are secured at their up er ends to pistons 14, 15, in the pump cylinders 2 and-3;

At each end of the motor cylinder inlet ducts 16 are provided for admitting explo' sive charges to said cylinder, the ports of said ducts being normally closed by balanced valves 17. The inlet ducts communicate and receive the explosive charge from a compression chamber 18. The motor cylinder is also provided, at each end, with an exhaust valve 19 which controls the escape of burned gases to an exhaust pipe. 20.

spective ends with inlet valves 21 for controlling the admission into said cylinder, of gas conveyed from a suitable source of sup ply by meansof a pipe 22. Valves 23 are located at respective ends of the pum cylinder 2 and control the passage of gas rom said cylinder to compression cylinder 18.

and the construction and arrangement of tailed description of one wil suffice for the The pump cylinder 3 is intended for air valve mechanism is precisely the same as latexited much-e, 1909. 7

tion and combinations of parts as hereinafter The pump cyhnder 2 is provided at its rethat above described with reference to gas I pump cylinder 2. Fig. 4 of the drawing illustrates the construction and arrangement of the air pump as well as the gas pump, except I that with the air pump the pipe 22 is 3 omitted.

Any suitable valve gear may be em loyed for controlling the operation of the valves 17 and 1.9 of the motor cylinder, but in the drawing I have shown levers 23 for operating the inlet valve and levers 24 for operating the exhaustvalve, said levers being connected by rods or pitmen 25, 26, with cams or cranks" on the driven shaft 9.

When the pistons in the several cylinders 1, 2, 3 start downwardly a partial vacuum will be formed in the cylinder 2 (Fig. 4) which will cause the'valve 21, at the upper end of the cylinder, to 0 en and gas from pipe 22 to flow into said cy inder. When the istons shall have reached the lower ends of t e cylinders and start to return the spring on the valve 21 will cause said valve to close and the gas within the cylinder will be com ressed until the pressure is slightly greater t an the pressure m the chamber-18. The difference in (pressure causes the valve 23, at the upper en of the cylinder 2, to open and during the remainder of the stroke the gas will be forced past this valve and into the chamber or receiver 18. When the piston in cylinder 2 starts downwardly again, the valve 23 will be closed by the action of its spring. In a similar manner, air will be compressed by the action of the piston in the c linder 3 and the valves provided for-this cy inder and the air thus compressed. will enter a chamber or receiver 18 in the same manner as above expgained in connection with the compression 0 as.

hen the piston 4, in the motor cylinder 1, is at the top of said cylinder and starts downwardly, the balanceuvalve,17 will be opened by the valve gear and a charge of gas and air (preferably mixed just before entering the cylinder) is admitted to the cylinder 1. When the piston 4 has moved a fraction of its downward stroke the valve 17 will be closed, then the charge will be exploded by the action of a suitable sparker 27, great pressure behind the piston being thus created to drive the engine during this stroke. When the piston 4 shall have nearly completed its downward stroke, the exhaust valve 19, at the upper end of the cylinder 1, will be opened by the operation of the valve gear and during the return stroke of the piston the burned gases will be exhausted through the pipe '20. Near the end of the u stroke of the piston 4 the valve 19 will'be c osed and the cycle of o erations just described will be repeated. xactly the same functions will be performed through the operation of the valves 17 and 19 at the lower end of the cylin er 1.

With an engine constructed as above dey the engine so that the power 0 compression is transferred from the motor cylinder to the pump cylinder or cylinders direct, without eavily loading any friction-generating bearings as would be the case if cylinders were each mounted with a separate cross-head, connecting rod and crank. v

If desired, city gas can be compressed with one end of one pump and in the particular construction shown in the drawings, air with .the other end of that pump and with both ends of the other three pumps, said drawing showing an engine comprising two units each having two pumps. By operating the engine in this manner the ex losive mixture would consist of one part of gas and about seven parts of air. With producer gas, one pump or gas and one pump for air will give a mixture of about equal parts of gas and air.

Various slight changes might be made in the details of construction of my invention without departing from the spirit thereof or limiting its scope and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise details herein set forth.

Having fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure byLetters- Patent, is

1. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinder and piston, a cross head with which said iston is con nected, and a driven shaft wlth which said cross head is connected, of pumps for separately com ressing air and gas outside of the working cy linder, said pumps being equal in size and connected with the cross head at respective sides of the connection of the working piston with the cross head, whereby said pum s will balance each other and relievev the oad on the bearings of the moving ports, means for controlling the admission of compressed air and gas into the working cylinder.

2. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinder, a working iston therein, and a cross head with which t e rod of said piston is connected, of a reservoir, an air pump and a gas pump having valved communication with said reservoir, connections between the cross head of the working piston and the pistons of both pumps, and valve mechanism for controlling the assage'of a compressed air and gas from sai reservoir to the working cylinder.

3. In an explosive gas engine, the combination with a working cylinder, and a piston therein, of a reservoir having valved communication with both ends of the workin cylinder, exhaust valves at both ends of saic working cylinder, double acting pumps communicating with said reservoir, and connections between the working piston and the pistons of both pumps.

4. An explosive gas engine comprising a combustion cylinder, a piston therein, a cross-head, a rod connecting said piston and cross-head, a gas pum and an air pum each ha its piston r0 connectedwit said crossead, a receiver communicating with said pum s, and a valve for controlling the passage 0 compressed fluid from said receiver to the combustion cylinder.

5. An explosive gas engine comprising a.

combustion cylinder, a piston therein, a rod connected with said 'iston, a cross-head secured to said rod, a uid receiver, two cylinders to communicate at their respective ends with said receiver, valves between the respective ends of said cylinders and the recelver, inlet valves at respective ends of said cylinders, a piston in each ciylinder, and piston rods connecting both 0 said pistons with the cross-head, whereby fluid Wlll enter said cylinders and be forced into the receiver at each stroke of the piston.

6. In an internal combustion engine, thecombination with a combustion cy der, a piston therein, a piston rod and a cross-head to which said piston rod is connected, of a gas pump and an air pump having their piston rods connected directl with said cross-head,

a compression cham eror receiver communicating with said 1pumps, means for con- ALBERT LEET GALUSHA.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM P. MEEHAN, CHARLES H. DoNaHUE.

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