US902311A - Concrete construction. - Google Patents

Description

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CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION- 1n: uaRR'ls PETERS co., wnsmuanm, v, c.

APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 9. 1903.

F. MELBER. CONCRETE GONSTBUGTION. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9,1903.

Patented 0ct.27,1908.

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WITNESSES a, WASfIINGTON. n c

FREDERICK MELBER, OF ROSS TOWNSHIP, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 27, 1908.

Original application filed July 11, 1903, Serial No. 165,089. Divided and this application filed November 9, 1903.

Serial No.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK MELBER, citizen of the United States, and residing at Ross township, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of my application for Letters Patent filed by me on July 11th 1903, Serial Number 165,089, and consists, generally speaking, in certain new and useful improvements in concrete construction relating to girders and load bearing members.

My invention is more particularly shown in connection with road bed construction wherein a separate foundation is provided for each wheelway While the central roadbed is composed of a filling of other material. I also show means whereby sections of my construction may be united thus enabling me, if I so desire, to mold my members at any convenient place and in units convenent for transportation, and then place them in position and unite them on the permanent site of the construction into an integral whole.

While I prefer to use, for the purposes of my invention, concrete or cement wherein the strains, which cannot be properly or safely assumed by the material are taken up by means of metal reinforcement embedded therein, I may use if desired concrete alone, but I find that by properly combining the concrete and metal not only is the strength of the construction greatly increased but a great saving in material is effected, thus lessening the cost of the work.

In the accompanying drawings :Figure 1 is a broken perspective of a section of my improved roadway; Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of a form of union between stringer and girder; Figs. 3 and 4 are respectively a plan and prespective of a form of recess used in the application of my invention; Figs. 5 and 6 are broken views showing modifications of the construction of Fig. 1 Fig. 7 is an en larged detail of the construction shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is an end view showing a modifioation of the form of stringer and Fig. 9 is an enlarged inverted plan showing the form of recess used in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 shows a modified form of attachment of stringer and girder; Figs. 11 and 12 are end views showing forms of stringers used on curves, and Fig. 13 is an inverted plan view showing the form of union used in this connection; Fig. 14 is a plan view of a union aperture showing the protecting plates; Figs. 15 and 16 are end views showing modified forms of stringer constructions; Figs. 17 and 18 are enlarged views showing a modification of the unions; Fig. 19 is a broken perspective showing a modification of the mounting blocks, and Figs. 26 and 21 are res ectively an end view and plan view of a mo ification thereof.

The following is a detailed description of the drawings :11 are stringers which form the wheelways between which the road bed, 2, is composed of clay, macadam, paving or other suitable material, as desired.

The preferrred form of stringer is that shown in Fig. 1, which is composed of a horizontal web or Wheel tread portion, 3, a vertical web or support 4, a horizontal flange 5 integral with support 4, and a transverse rib or ribs, 6, integral with wheel tread 3 and support 4. In Figs. 5, 6 and 20, I have shown the stringer provided with two vertical supports 4, one at each side of the Wheel tread. Where a solid foundation is obtainable by excavating the earth, I prefer to lay my stringers directly on the ground, the same being filled up level with the outer edge of the stringers and inclined therefrom to provide proper drainage. In such case I provide a cross strap or connection, 6 of metal engaging at each end a rod 4 sufficiently embedded in the material of stringer to obtain the necessary adhesion. By this means the stringers are maintained in proper alinement. The stringers and other parts of my construction may be cast in molds on the site in continuous lengths or may be cast in sections in convenient sizes and united by any convenient means on the site as by the forms of unions hereinafter described.

Where a solid foundation cannot be conveniently obtained, I prefer to provide cross girders, such as 7 or 7 having lateral flanges 7 7 upon which the stringers 11 are placed. I prefer to make these girders U shaped, the girder 7 being inverted U shaped. I find that it is useful to increase the vertical thickness or depth of my girder at the center as at 8, or depress the ends thereof as at 8", thereby preventing longitudinal movement thereof when in place. In the girder 7, underneath the point of contact with stringer l,

I fill out the vacant center of the girder with a cross rib 9 to provide sufficient room for my union recess or aperture. Any convenient method may be resorted to for the union of stringer to girder.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I form in rib 9 of the girder a recess 10, having two opposin sides upwardly tapering. 11 is a meta lic rod or member embedded in the material of the rib adjacent to and surrounding the aperture 10 to prevent fracture and injury of the material. I insert into the recess 10 a bolt 12, head downwards, and between the bolt and the inclined sides of the recess I place the key plates 1313 so that the bolt cannot be drawn from the recess without the removal of the key plates. The stringer is now put in place with the shank of the bolt 12 extending up through a hole in the flange 5. A washer 14 is now placed on said shank and the nut 15 screwed down uniting the stringer firmly to the girder. In the case of girder 7 a simpler form of union may be used consisting of the bolt 12 passing through registering holes in flange 5 and flange 7 To the right in Fig. 6 I illustrate a modi fled form of the union in which the recess 10 has but one inclined face. Seated in said recess is member 16 of metal having its upper extremity hooked as at 17 to engage the flange 5 of the stringer. The said member 16 fits rather loosely in said recess and is provided with its side adjacent to the inclined side of the recess inclined at a slightly greater angle than that of the recess. A key plate 13 is introduced and driven down between the inclined faces of the member 16 and the inclined face of the recess thus binding the member in place.

In Figs. 17 and 18 I show a modification of the tapered recess union in which the member 18 is formed with a hook on each end extending in opposite directions. The upper hook engages the flange 5 of stringer 1 w iile the lower hook occupies the bottom of recess 10. 19 is a wedge block adapted to rest against member 18 in recess 10 and 20 is a reverse wedge block adapted to be driven in between wedge block 19 and the inclined side of recess 10. In case shortage of space prevents the wedges being placed as shown in Fig. 17 where the wedging action is in line with the hook member 17, the wedges may be placed as in Fig. 18. In Fig. 1 I have shown such wearing surface attached to the stringer by means of unions 23 described and claimed by me in my former patent application above referred to. 2424 represent a plurality of integral projections extending laterally from the stringers 11 for the purpose of engaging the wheels of vehicles and aiding the same in mounting onto the string ers 11. By projecting as they do beyond the line of the stringers, they prevent ruts being worn in the road adjacent to the stringers. In Fig. 1 I have shown them of regular outline but they may be of any form fitted to engage the Wheels as the irregular form shown in Fig. 19. In case the stringer is of considerable height, I prefer to provide two or more series of mounting projections, 24 24 and 24 24 rising in height as they approach the stringer, so that the wheels are stepped up to the proper level without much resistance, as in Figs. 20 and 21.

Along the outer edge of the stringer I prefer to provide a raised wheel retaining edge 25 to prevent the slipping of the wheels off the stringers. As a great deal of wear is exerted against this edge by the wheels, I prefer to provide it with metal protection 26 which in Fig. 1 is shown in form of an angle iron. A form of union is shown in connec tion with this metal protection which I find of great value in connecting concrete members together but which is for the sake of clearness shown in the attachment of the metal wearing surface to the retaining edge. An irregular shaped aperture is formed through the portion 3 of the stringer, con sisting of a rectangular portion 10 and a portion 10 whose sides are upwardly tapered as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. A wooden Wedge block 27 is inserted in aperture 10 and moved laterally into aperture 10 wherein it is temporarily held by means of a crow bar inserted through aperture 28 in portion 4 of the stringer. The spike 29 is now driven down into block 27 engaging with its head the angle iron 26.

In Figs. 5 and 10 I show a hooked shaped washer, 30, engaging the angle iron 26 and held in place by bolt 31 passing through stringer. In Fig. 6 the angle iron is pierced by the bolt 31. Other forms of attachment are shown in Figs. 19 and 20. In Fig. 8 an aperture 32 is formed through stringer 1 of sufficient size to admit the bolt 31 but the lower portion of said aperture is partially closed by a plate 33 having a slot 34 of sufficient size to admit the shank of bolt 31. After said bolt is inserted in said aperture, it is moved laterally until its head engages the under side of said plate 33 thus preventing the withdrawal of the bolt. is then attached to the bolt as before.

In Fig. 11 I show the use of the metallic reinforcement of the retaining edge on curves where the wear is greatest as the Wheels tend to mount the retaining edges. In such case I may seat the angle iron '26 as shown by means of bolt '31 while a secondary protecting edge 35 is held in place by means of the angle iron 26 and special means at its lower edge, as a shoulder in the stringer as shown in Fig. 11. In Fig. 12 I show these two portions of the retaining edge made into one integral plate, the top edge of which is secured by washer 36 on bolt 37, while the lower edge is retained by hooked member 38 The angle iron 1 which is secured in aperture 39 in stringer 1 by means of wedge block 40 and washer 41 retained on the member by key 42 passing through a hole in said member.

In Fig. 15 the wearing surface is composed of a bar of rhomboidal shape embedded in the retaining edge and its smaller face exposed to wear. Another form of wearing surface is shown in Fig. 16. 4343 are metal plates which I prefer to provide for insertion into the apertures used as unions to line the walls and protect the same against wear.

From the above it is evident that my invention consists in an advance in the concrete construction art, especially as it relates to roadbed work.

Many minor modifications will present themselves to those skilled in the art but I regard the same as within the scope of my invention and desire to claim as follows 1. In concrete construction, a load bearing member consisting of a horizontal web, a vertical web integral therewith and a horizontal flange integral with said vertical web, substantially as described.

2. In concrete construction, a load bearing member consisting of a horizontal web, a vertical web integral therewith and a transverse vertical web integral with said horizontal and vertical webs, substantially as described.

3. In concrete construction, a load bearing member consisting of a horizontal web, a vertical web integral therewith, a horizontal flange integral with said vertical web and a transverse vertical web integral with said horizontal and vertical webs, substantially as described.

4. In concrete roadbed stringers, a horizontal trafic bearing web, a wheel retaining flange along the edge thereof and a vertical supporting web integral with said horizontal web, substantially as described.

5. In concrete roadbed stringers, a hori zontal traflic bearing web and a reinforced wheel retaining flange along the edge thereof and integral therewith, substantially as described.

6. In concrete roadbed stringers, a horizontal traffic bearing web, a reinforced wheel retaining flange along the edge thereof and integral therewith and a vertical supporting web integral with said traffic bearing member, substantially as described.

7. In concrete roadbed construction, a horizontal trafiic bearing structure and wheel mounting projections integral therewith and extending for their full height beyond the lateral plane of said structure.

8. In concrete roadbed construction, a horizontal traffic bearing member g and descending series of integral mounting projections extending beyond the lateral plane thereof, substantially as described.

Signed at Pittsburg, Penna, this 28th day of October 1903.

FREDERICK MELBER.

Witnesses:

EMELINE BUTTER, EDWARD A. LAWRENCE.

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