US900656A - Method of protecting iron. - Google Patents

Description

J. J. BRADLEY. METHOD 0F PROTEGTING IRON. APPLIOATION FILED Emma, 1907. RBNEWED MAB. 7, 190e.

Arron/vn J. J. BRADLEY. METHOD 0F PROTBGTING IRON. l APPLIGATION FILED 113.12, 1907. RENEWBD MAR. 7, 190s.

900,656, Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

\4 Il` Y m N K A TTOHNE Y UNITED STATES-PATENT OFFICE..

-I'orezN J."BRADLEY, or BROOKLYN,

l To all whom 'it may concern:

NEW Yoan, Ass'IGNoR, BY .ME-SNE asslcNuE'N'rs,

To LILLIAN voN GEssNEE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK :jm-mon or inorzcrmomon.

l specification of Leetmratenf. l Application led February 12, 190

Be it vknown that I, JOHN J. BRADLEY, ua

`citizen of the United States, borough of Brooklyn, Stateof New York,

ave invented a ovement 41n t residing in the certain new and .useful Im-y he Methods of Protecting on, of which the following is a specification. I have discovered thatit is practicable to changea continuous stratum vat and just 13 wit.v th

e entire surface of an iron article to analloy or to an analogous combination of Iron and hydrogen in 4conse uence be Well what wo d otherwise be estructive chem-- y experiments indicate that 15 ical action.

and that the article Will result is still better for the presence 'of cop er 'also in the alloy, and also for adding car n at a llate sl ht depth.

of operation forl stage topenetrate to-a very have devised, arr` apparatus and a method producing such alloy which is made the subject of the present patent.

I will make the new product the subject of a separate patent.

l show and Itwlllbe he accompanying draWlLg `forms 'a part of th-isspeciiication.

In the figures Figure 1 is a face view of a o small n'on casting which has been treated ac onia larger scale.

5 alloy-or chaned l is ril'ulicated y "different 'directi which indicate t tion." The roma ratus. Fig. 4is

-5 is a vetial crossssecjion-of. themain tion ont e'me 5,-5-1n" .4and Fi lisyaiy, v

' 1g g form and Pl a removable head IGTGOI- The a larger scale. Y

In this latter Y metal ator near the surface section lmes running a` l-lnesf on from4 the section he body or unchan ed por-1 ining'gures show t e a j a longitudinal section..

asimilar letters of reference. indicatecorre spbnding parts i ap ear.

n all thfe figures where is the body of an iron casting preferably of a hard luality which requires very heat to m e metal t or appreciably soften-.yl

at and near the, surface 1s changed by" theresene Yderail cithyarogen and cop high temperaturesare absorbed-1n smallr portionsand ind ese e ementsfpreserted atucej a 'conditioninthefsur rotected against of service to hlg describe such new product also in this patent for the means of production.

exposed vto the down further and-delivers the super-heated .steam through a. trumpet-mouth reduced jim; thl

support shelves that can be'easily drawn 110 Patented oct. e, 1908.

face metal which I will refer to as aly; It is found that iron canV absorb hydrogen until the portionv near the surface contains an amount approximating eleven`one-hun dredths of one per cent. of that ofthe iron.` e0 The proportion of the copper,` I believe to be considerably less. The i copper disappears into the solution but I have never determined the precise rate. Itis probably not essential `to success that the copper shall have any specie proportion.I he effect is promoted by treating the Whole surface or the portions thereofwhich are most important to be perfect, by a sandblast or other convenient means for removing the scale. The proportion of hydrogen and copper becomes less and less from the exterior inward,-there is no dividing line,A Theadhesion of the'alloy is'as strong as any other part.. The alloy maintains its Original 75 condition for an indefinite period The alloy s less stro .than iron and may be inferior toiron' in glierrespects but it possesses the y important quality of extraordmary resistance to oxidation or corrosion.

' The following gives what I esteema practicable form of apparatus and the bestmode of operation. A

- C 1s the masonry of ai'urnace', C1. a door thereof, and' D a grate with proper facilities 85 forsnpplying airfand fuel, anthracite; or coke serve. E is a steam boiler arranged to be heated by thehot gases discharged from the urnace.`

` ,tls a steam ipe having convolutions F1 90 lliot gases. The pipe leads M .1s a shell within the furnace. C which ay be removed at each re-chargmg 1f desu'edfbut itis not usually necessary to do so. P is an inclosedfcruciblefof rectangular whole ora large part of this vessel P is lined with copper Q secured by rivets Q1. Similar c op r s -acing may be apphed to the she ves to be presently described. The cop- 'rperjshould .be .of considerable thickness, say

will be furnace` is used,` per azyolatile condition with the'hydrogen -to permeate heinteriorof'the crucible P is' bearings Pat .the sides,- which ceives the steam and heats it more. i vlde the pipe P5 with a lining which reduces `the iron or steel of this pipe.

' .may

out and replaced, and/'are adapted to receive and present to the hydrogen and to the fumesI of cop er mingled therewith the iron articles whlc are being treated. ln the lower portion of the crucible are two horizontal perforated partitions P3 and P4, the

space. between which is filled or nearl filled with finely divided iron S, preferab y iron steam is led from the vboiler through a proper reducing valve G so vset that it will allow the steam to pass at only about one pound per square inch above atmosphere.

. The steam in flowing through the convolutions F1 becomes much but not sui'liciently super-heated. The heat here is not Sullicient to decompose the steam. The pi e P5 matches in the trumpet-mouth F2 an `rel prothe tendencyT of the oxygen to combine with be effected at any previous period by first moderately heating and flowing melted borax (biborate of soda) through it andlthen while the entire inner surface 'of the ipe is viscous with the borax, blowing'iine y ulverized lire-clay through the ipe land al owing the particles to adhere. ipe P5 de-l livers the steam very hot into an causes it to pass upwardA through the mass of finely divided hot iron S above; there the oxygen is absorbed,l and only the hydrogen of the steam flows up and bathes the articles and is absorbed into all portion of the entire surface of each.

' The depth to which the gases shall penetrate and conse uently the thickness of the l alloy in the artic es being treated depends on several conditions, one of the most controllable of which is the temperature which should be a bright cherry red and another the duration,-a treatment several hours gives a much deeper penetration of the hydrogen and copper than half an hour. In.

due timethe steam is tem orarily shut on, the door C1 is opened an the crucible P with its contents drawn out and removed to any suitable place to be slowly cooled and at length to be opened and emptied. Another crucible P' reviously prepared with a fresh lot of artic es to begtreated is introduced into the furnace C andthe door C1 closed and y60 the Work is again resumed. The fresh cruci- This lining ble and its contents thus introduced may be previously heated to shorten the time of l believe the invention is applicable by about the same mode of operation to castiron, drop-forgings, and other forgings, eutiron, (aslnails, screws and nuts), sheet-iron of .all thicknesses, drawn iron, (as stamped work and wire), and all the grades of carbonized iron or steel.

When my improvement is applied to the manufacture of articles intended for decorative purposes, the shapes should be prepared and entirely completed before the sandblasting and the other portions of my treatment.

Into each batch before the cooling has progressed far, l introduce naphtha or other convenient hydro-carbon. 'lhis may be done by connecting a hydro-carbon supply to the projecting end of the pipe P5 and in jectingthe hydro-carbon in a vaporous form,-if it is not vaporous at first it becomes so, of course, before it has entered i'ar into the hot crucible. One effect is to give a line black to the surface.

Modifications may be made without (lcparting from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of the invention, Parts can be used without the whole. rl.`he iinal treatment with hydro-carbon may be omitted.

I claim as my invention:

1. A method of treating iron articles by first shaping complete, second subjecting treatment necessary.

them at a high temperature to a bath comprising elemental hydrogen, and third slowly cooling, all substantially as herein specified.

2 A method of treating iron articles by first shaping complete, second subjecting them at a high temperature to a bath comprising elemental hydrogen and copper, and.

third slowly cooling, herein specified.

3. The improvement in the art of protecting iron articles which consists in suball substantially as jecting them at a high temperature to a bath com rising elemental hydrogen and afterwar s to hydro-carbon and cooling slowly, all substantially as herein specified.

4. The improvement in the art of protecting iron articles which consists in subjecting them at a high temperature to a bath comprising elemental hydrogenv and copper and afterwards to hydro-carbon and cooling slowly, all substantially as herein specified.

Signed at New York city this 30th day of January 1907.

JOHN J. BRADLEY. Witnesses:

GEO. MCKITTRICK, THOMAS DREW SrE'rsoN.

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