US9000A - Process for making axes - Google Patents

Description

JOHN ORELUP, OF BALLSTON SPA, NEV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ISAIAH BLOOD, AUG. J. GOFFE, AND GEO. R. THOMAS, OF BALLSTON SPA, NEW YORK.

PROCESS FOR MAKING AXES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 9,000, dated June 8, 1852.

To all 'whom fit may concern.

Be it known that I, JOHN ORELUP, of the village of Ballston Spa, Saratoga county, State of New York, have invented a new and useful process for the manufacture of axes, together with the apparatus necessary for accomplishing the same, which I call Orelups process of ax making, and I declare the following specification, with the drawings forming part of the same, to be a full and accurate description thereof.

My improvement relates especially to the manufacture of that part called technically the aX-pole, that is the ax as it is forged previous to the afliXing to it of the steel edge. It has been usual before the date of my invention to make the poles of axes by taking a piece of iron of a proper size (according as the ax was intended to be large or small) and hammer each end thin leaving it (the piece of iron) of itsv original thickness inthe middle to form the head of the pole; then t-he two ends which have been reduced are bent at right angles to the thick part where they join the same so that the straight side of the piece of iron forms the inside or eye of the aX and the shoulder formed by the thick part where it joins the thin, comes upon the outside and forms the side of the pole; a piece of iron of a proper size (called a slug) is placed between the thin ends and to which they are welded. When made in this way the iron is very apt to break where the thin parts join the thick and the labor is lost and the iron of little worth.

To remedy the defect above mentioned and effect as much at one heat as is effected at two by the old method I take a piece of iron cut from a bar which has been rolled of the proper width and thickness for the particular size of the aX designed to be made. Such a piece of metal is shown in Figure 1X. It is a` little more than half as thick, a little less than the width, and a little less than twice as long as the ax pole to be made. This bar is to be subjected to the operation of a trip hammer, having as its lower face a tool or die formed as shown as Fig. 2A, which is a perspective view of it as seen from below, and at Fig. 4C where a cross section of it through the center is shown in a different perspective View of said face. From these views it will be seen that the hammer-face or die consists of a parallelepiped L a a a, with projecting o-r elevated ends a, 6,---c separated by a space but a little larger than the intended width of the ax polega tongue or feather l connecting these elevated ends, along the center of the face, and having its lower edge rounded. The ends t ZJ-a c have all their edges also rounded. The tongue f on the top of the a, a, is for the purpose of attaching it to the trip-hammer when in use.

The operation with the hammer is as follows: Spaces having been determined toward each end of the bar at which to form half the eye for the ax, as at i, z', z', z' Fig. l; the bar is heated to a forging heat and laid upon a flat anvil B, then blows are to be struck with the rounded ends a, b or a, c of the hammer, near and parallel with the edges of the bar at the spots i, t', z', 2'. rfhe effect of these blows is to spread the iron laterally at those spots, and give the bar the form shown at Fig. 3. The bar is then laid directly under the hammer so that the tongue CZ may operate directly upon the spaces z' i z' z' marked out for the half-eyes, when by rapid hammering each half eye is sunk in the metal at m, m, Fig. 4, which by the same operation is also drawn out so as to give the bar the shape shown at Fig. 5. The half eyes are completed and finished by turning the bar over, and laying them alternately on the swaging tool, whose shape is shown with sufficient distinct-ness in Fig. 6 to make a more specific description unnecessary, when a few blows on the back of the bar with a flat faced hammer finishes each half eye and makes them equal and similar. The bar is now cut across equidistant from the half eyes that is in the center of the bar nearly but not quite through, as from to y Fig. 5, upon the'side opposite to that in which the half eyes have been sunk. It is then bent over or doubled in a direction the reverse of that heretofore practised, so that the portion uncut from to e serves for a hinge so that the half eyes come together and are opposite to and coincide with each other, as shown in Fig. 7 and so that the part hammered in making the score or half eye comes inside (instead of outside as in the old method) and the halves of the ax pole are now ready to be welded together the two faces of the score m y forming the face of the head as x y m g/ Fig. 7. The welding being done the process is completed and the pole is ready to receive the steel edge which finishes the aX.

The following may be enumerated as the advantages I' claim to be effected by the above process: 1. The eye is made symmetrical, and also similar in all aXes of the same class, leaving the thickness of the ax on each side of the eye equal. 2. The cutting of the ax head partially through and then turning over the metal, permits the making of a more finished article with less labor than by the usual method of turning the metal over in a loop, and hammering it down to shape. 3. The whole process can be accomplished in one heating of the metal, which cannot be done by the ordinary process. The result of the whole being that a more perfect and a cheaper article is produced than by the common processes.

I claim the method of manufacturing ax poles by a process of which the following are its successive steps in combination with others, as they are applied to the metal bar of the bar so that the half-eyes shall uniteV in correspondence with each other and form the eye of the ax, completing the whole ready for welding the two halves of the pole together, substantially as the process is set forth in the above specification.

JOHN ORELUP. Vitnesses:

JAMES B. SANDERS, REN VARICK DEVVITT.

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