US898980A - Proces for the fractional condensation of vapors. - Google Patents

Description

L. LO ENSTEIN. H PROCESS FOR THE FRAGTIONAL GONDENSAI'IOX 0F VAPORS.

APPLICATION rnmnnx. a, 1908. I

rammed-8013111 15, 1908 wan-o tion.

cooling liquids to emasums LEO LOWENSTEIN, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

#XTENT 1 PROCESS For. THE FnAc'rroNAL CONDENSATION or varoas. I

To of]. whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEO LowENsTniN, subject of the Emperor of Germany, residin at Vienna,Austria-Hun ary, have invente certain new and usefu Improvements in Processes for the Fractional Condensation of Vapors, of which the following is a specifics.-

In the fractional cooling of vapors which are under a different pressure to that of the atmosphere, the main difficulty consists in adjusting the temperature of the cooling liquid to the temperature of condensation of the vapor to be condensed for the time being. This temperature depends more especially on the prevailing barometric pressure which is different when working at different times and often changes rapidly. Thus ifthe bar ometric pressure rises and causes the tern-- peraturesof condensation to rise therewith it may happen for example that vapors, which are to be separated by odics of cooling water of different temperatures'will be condensed in warmer condensers and m the converse case, will be condensed in cooler condensers.

It has been discovered that these difficulties can be obviated in the following simple manner:ln the ordinary practice of the art, for the pur ose of cooling the several fractions, boilni iquids which boil at the same or a suitably higher temperature than the vapor to be condensed thereby, are employed in a well-known manner and independently of the vapors to be condensed, i. e. under differcut or independent atmospheric pressures from that of the said vapors. Accordin to the present process these bodies of coo ing liquids do not boil independently under the atmospheric many other pressure as in theknown .processes, but are connected pneu- In ractice, this is e on or reduced lowing the dist ected when distilling firessure for example, b aling hquid mixture an the oil under the same re-- duced pressure. If now the ressure in the pressure reductionch'ainber frills or rises, the temperatures of condensation vary in the same manner and at just the same rate as the boiling tem eratures of the cooling liquids. The procee ing'takes place in an analogous manner in fractional cooling under a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere.

The accompanying drawing illustrates a preferred form of apparatus for carrying out Specification oi Iietters Patent.

Application filed. April 8, 1903. Serial No. 425,926.

Liebigs condenser b in whic matically with the vapors to be condensed.

shown in vertical longitudina section.

An experiment in which a dilute solution the distillin bent tube 72. downwardly throu 11 an ordinary T1 the cooli Water 0, contained in a surrounding jacket 1, is not renewed durin the experiment. .-The condenser 11 is former at its lower end with a tube It leading from the interior thereof, which tube 7: extends into the mouth of a container 10. The condensed vapors pass by way of the tube It into the container 10. The uncondensed va )ors then ass by way of a bent tube m lea ing' from t 1e tube 7: into the interior of a second condenser cl which iscontinuously cooled by cold running water 12, contained in a surrounding jacket 11. which has at its lower end an inlet oand at its upper end an outlet p, in order that circulation may be maintained if desired. The condenser d is formed at its lower end with a tube 1' leading from the interior thereof, which tube 7 extends into the mouth of a container 8: The remaining vapors condensed in the. condenser (I pass into the container 8 throu h the tube 1. The container 8 is connected PatentedSept. 1 190s.

the process involved, the :a paratus being i nection with its attendant ap aratus. 'From 1 flask a, in wine a dilute solu- .tion of hyr rogen peroxid boils under re duced pressure, the vapors pass by way of a means of a tube t which projects slightly into i the mouth thereof with a pressure reduction chamber up er en with a tube 9 which 18 jQlIled to an communicates with the tube m. The cooling water 0 in the condenser b is there fore under the same reduced pressure as controlled by the reduction chamber f as-that The jacket, 1.- is formed at its 7 under which the mixture of hydrogen peroxid and water in it boils. The vapors coming from the latter alone maintain the boiling of the cooling water 0 in the condenser b. External heating is not necessary. ,Almost all the hydrogen peroxid with only a little waterthen condenses in the condenser 12 and collects in the container Z while almost all the water and only extremely-little hydrogen peroxid is condensed in the condenser d and collects V in the container 8. The process can also be einpioyed for the direct production of very h-i y concentrated solutions of hydrogen. perom'd, for which purpose the condensation I of the vaors resulting from'the distillation is effects by employing the im roved process' inwhich all or almost all t ehydrogen peroxid can be obtained in one OPBIIiLtlOIIlIl the form of a hi h per cent, for example, a

60% solution w 'le the water passing over is condensed at anotherfplace.

By means .of the pipe connection 9 between the jacket i and the upper bent porerin, nitric acid, etc. which condense at a higher temperature than water can also be separated from water vapor, for example uncooling liquids.

der :1. reduced pressure influence or at a higher pressure by cooling with water boiling at the same pressure. In the converse case, for example, in alcohol distillation, alcohol is used as the boiling cooling liquid. In the distillation of petroleum under a reduced or at a raised pressure, the corres onding fractions of the petroleum are emp oyed as Obviously in such cases the said cooling liquids can be replaced by others of the same boiling point. It may be ossible hat the temperature of a cooling liquid shall remain below the temperature of condensation of a particular vapor, but on the otherhand it must be higher than that of the other vapor condensin at the next temperature. This can be e ected by employing suitable salt solutions or other liquids which boil at the same degree of reduced ressure as the va ore to be condensed. his can also be e ected by connecting for example,

the space in which the cooling liquid boils, by means of a narrow tube with the pressure reduction chamber so that the pressure of the cooling liquid is always higher by a constant interval than the pressure in the reduction space of the vapor to be condensed. Obviously an interval such as thiscan also be produced by other, known means. It will be understood that, for example, for the purpose of separating complicated mixtures of va pors,or 1n order to condense mixtures of "apors of sinnlar chemical composition into quids of different concentrations several of the arrangements above described can; if necessary, be connected one beh nd another. i

Claims:- 1. The herein described method for the sists in distilling a mixture of liquids under a reduced pressure influence and in cooling the vapors by an agent under the same reduced pressure influence as the 'mlxture of liquids,

which agent has a boiling temperature e ual to the boiling temperature of one of the uids of said mixture and is heated to such reduced pressure influence, and in cooling the vapors by an agent under the same reduced pressure influence as the mixture of liquids,-

which agent has a boiling temperature e ual to the boiling temperature of one of the uids of said mixture and is heated to sue temperature by the said li uid, the remainder of the liquids havin oiling temperatures higher thanithat o the cooling agent and being condensed thereby. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. v p

LEO LCWENSTEIN. Witnesses: Josnr' Rrreansorr, AUGUST, Fceenn.

55 fractional condensation of vapors which con-

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