US898601A

US898601A - Process of manufacturing gas.

Info

Publication number: US898601A
Application number: US35185907A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hawley Pettibone
Original assignee: POWER AND MINING MACHINERY Co
Current assignee: POWER AND MINING MACHINERY Co
Priority date: 1907-01-11
Filing date: 1907-01-11
Publication date: 1908-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 1925-09-15

Description

APPLICATION I'ILEDVJAN. 11, 1997.V l

Y H PBTTIBONB PROCESS OPMANUFAGTURING GAS.

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H. PBTTIBNE. PROCESS 0f' MANUFACTURING GS.

I APPLICATION FILED JAH. 11, 1907. 895,501 l Patented Sept. 15, 1908. Y 3`SHEBTS-SHEBT 2 @ihwoaea CQ," n/' MJR- i Y m J/ZM akku,

H. PBTTIBONE. PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLIOAT 13h' FILED JAB. 11.1907.

Patented sept. 15, 1908.

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- UNITED STATES PATENT tn-Froni HAWLEY PETTIBONE, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK, ASSIGN OR TO THE PONER AND MIN- ING MACHINERY COMPANY, A COLPORATION OF NEW JERSY.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS.

` rm. associ'.

Specification of I'Jetters Patent.

'Patented Sept. '215, 1908.

Application le January 11. 1907.' Serial No. 351,859.

To all whom -it may concern.'

Beit known that I, HAwLEr PnTriBoNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of M anufacturitig Gas, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the method or process of manufacturing producer-gas, and, more. particularly, to the method of operating connected pairs of generators or produt-ers by means of jets of gas under pressure.

The object. of.m v invention is to provide for drawingr oil hot gas from a generator and delivering it hot direc tly 'to diurna-co for nietP allurgical work, thereby utilizing the sensible heat, without diluting it with steam 0r otherwise atl'ecting its thermal vaille.

Anothcrgebject is to provide for economizing and utilizing the sensible heat in gas, as generated. for furnace work where hot gas can be advantageously used.

Another object is to provide for utilizing het gas directl from the generators, thereby saving the sensible heat, and at the same time providing for drawing ofl a portion of the gas, scrubbing and cleaning it,.operating therewith aV gas engine and thercb)Y operating a. compressor to com iress part of the cleaned gas for use in jet exllausteis which serve to draw hot gas from the generators and deliver it to metallurgie or other furnaces.

Another object is to provide for reversing theaction of either one of the jet exhausters -on a pair of connected generators, reducing a. reverse current through one of t ie lires or bodies of incandescent fuel, thereby reducing the vacuuir. on either one thereof and clearing the'iire of drst and ashes.

The matter constituting my invention ivill be defined in che claims.

I will new descrii e my method .or proces: in connection with a suitable a paratus for carrying it out, by reference to t ie accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l represents a top plan view of the apparatus. Fi 2 represents an end elevation thereof wit 1 parts in section and the gas holderomitted. Fig'. 3 re resents avertical longitudinal section, on cn urged scale, of one of the reversible injector and exhaust def vices. Fig. 4 re resents a similar view of a modified form oih'eversible injector and exhaust devices.

The generators are referably constructed of pairs of connected e iambers or furnaces A and A1, each having a gas take-ofi pipe and jet exhaust. device at the bottom, as shown in Figs. 1 and 9. A battery of generators may be composed of any desired number of pairs of chambers or furnaces A and A connected to a gas main E. The generators have top fuel openings a closed by lids x, Each generator has an ash'pit- B and a grate b, preferably composed of brick arches, as shown. The furnaces A and A* are connected near the top b v a pipe or flue C, which is preferably brick lined. Each furnace is provided with a clinker door 'y above the grate andan ash-pit. door y below the grate. In

the ash-pit is provided an outlet opening b Y with the main E, for each pair of generators.-

Each exhaust device I) is double and is so provided with connecting `'ipes as to serve for exhausting gas from t ie generator and for injecting gas unto said generator under pressure or otherwise, as desired.

The reversible injector and exhaust. device l) is constructed of un outer iron shell and a )fire-brickV lining c.- which latter is so shaped as to produce the tivo cones or frustuins of cones d and d', as shown in Fig. 3, that is, a double frustum cone is used in each device D. The iron shell or casing is provided een trally with a circular water channel d for the circulation of cooling water.v In the lWinch, as shown in Fig. 3, are arranged to discharge in opposite direct-ions. The nozzle pipes H, Il. are stationary and their jet nozzles h are arraueed centrally in the conical chambers d and d. .At the outer end of each device D is pro vided a. flanged connect-ion for the purge-pipe or stack F, having a valve f,

are connected valve casings containing the water cooled gate valve e e', said casings concompressed gas to the jet nozzles.

necti 0' in turnjvith the gas main E, which exten I along the battery of generators, as shown 1n Flg. 1. The branch take-ofi pipe E1 connects with the main E and leads, 1n

practice, to a metallurgie furnace, not here shown, o1' other desired place of use. This pipe E* is preferably provided with a vate Yalve e" beyond the branch pipe K. l'ith the nozzle pipes H, Hl connect gas supply pipes G, (i1 having valves g g for admitting These pipes G, Gl connect at the upper and with a main supply pipe Q. .With the gas supply pipes G, preferably connect a steam supply pipe S having valves s, s for supplying steam when first starting up the enerators, before gas has been stored in the cider. A branch pi e S1, having a valve s, leads from pipe S an connects with the top of the generator as shown in Fig. 2 for supplying steam when it is desired to make water-gas, or for other purposes.

A branch pi e K, having a. valve lf, leads from ges mam and connects with tue base of the wet scrubber L, anda pipe Zleads from the top pf the scrubber and connects with the dry scrrbber M. A pipe m, having a valve m and a dri pot m, leads from scrubber M into the hol er N. The holder is made cnmparatively small as it is only intended to store a small volume of gas at a'time for supplying the gas e vine-and' com ressor. A pi )e fn and branc pi e n lea from the io der and connect by ranch pipes o and p respectivelyr with a double gas-engine O'and double compressor P; The gas-,outlet pipe n may be extended to conduct cool clean gas to other gos-engines or any desired plat-e of use. The shaft of the enginel O is provided with a fly-wheel e nd is extended to form the shaft of the compressor P.` Outlet pipes p lead from opposite ends of the compressor and connect with the pipe p", having -avalve l and leading to the main supply ipc Q for supplying compressed gas to t e downwardly extendin pipes G and G1, which supply the'eXhaust evlees D, Dl along the bat'- tery of generators, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The supply of gas to the jet nozzles h and h' is controlled by the valves g If desired, a tank or chamber R for holding compressed gas may be connected in the pipe p" so that a volume of compressed gas may be constantly stored for use in starting the jet exhausters and the generation of gas.

In the modified form of double jet exhauster Dshown in Fig. 7, gas supply pipes G and G are made to slide u and down in the stufiing boxes g' so that t reir nozzles g may be drawn up into the boxes or recesses f' be drawn up at the same time when desired. The recesses j" are preferably provided with water jackets or water-cooled spaces d'7 in which water will becirculated for keeping the recesses cool and thus protecting the nozzles g. The dotted lines indicate the position of the jet nozzles when they are slid down into operative position. F lexiblel su ply pipes I are preferably connected with t 1e sliding jet pipes Gi, Gr3 for permitting them to be more readily adjusted. Since the heat is a t to be quite high at the contracted part of t ,le double cone, I preferably rovide the hollow Water circulating ring at that point and in practice such ring will be provided with water inlet and outlet pipes, not here shown.

The generators are operated in "airs, as A, A, and any desired number will be put into operation at a time to meet the demand for gas required in metallurgie or other furnaces. Fires will be kindled in the generators A, A1 and may at first be allowed to burn by natural draft by opening the top lids a: x'. In starting the operation of the plant, before any gas has been made, and with the gas holder empty, steam may be admittedto the jet pipes by openi the valves s and s. Steam at first wi l lie passed only into the jet pipe.; k so as to draw air through the top openings a. and down into the bed of fuel and exhaust gas through the devices vl) and Dl and pass it up through the purge pipe F, ihe valve f thereof being open. At this time gate valves e and c ma be closed. After the generators A, Al ave been' suitably charged with fuel and deep bodies of incandescent fuel formed therein, the valves' e, e' will be opened and the purge valves f will be closed. 'lhe exhaust jets of.

steam through nozzle h being continued the vas as ucnerated in furnaces A, A1 will be lforced ibrough the mains E and E and delivered to the scrubber L. As soon as good gas is being delivered through pipe E1 the valve 1c will be opened and valve e".closed, so as to ass the gas thro Uh the scrubbers L and Mp and thence into t e holder N. This clean, cool gas may now be delivered by pipes n anu n to the gas engine O, putting the same in ope.ation. Atthe same time the compressor P will be started and gas will be delivered thereto throu h pipe p and will be discharged therefrom t rough ipes p and p to the main supply ipe Steam is now shut off by closlng va ve s and gas is admitted by opening valve g and passing it through exhaust nozzles h. The ]ets of esc aping gas from the nozzles h` will now serve to exhaustgas from the generators A, Ax and it will only be neccssar to supply fuel to the generators and leave t e lids'zn, :c open. Of course air ill be continuously drawn down so that one of them may be out of the way into the beds of incandescentfuel and serve 65 while the other is in use, or so that both may i for generating producer gas. With this 130 dawn-draft generating plant, soft or bituminous coal can be effectively used for making high grade producer-gas. The gas delivered to the compressor l will be compressed to any desired pressure for most effectively operating the jet exhausters. An importantadvantage is gained by using compressed gas in the jet exhauster instead of steam, as thereby the gas drawn from the generator is not diluted with amoist non-combustible fluid, but, on the contrary, is delivered hot and without-any change in ils'therlnal value. ln ractice this is quite important. where high am uniform heats are to be maintained in furnaces.

As soon as good producer-gas is being generated in generators A, A1, by operation of the exhaust devices D, D1 with jets Ofcom` pressed gas through nozzles lz., the valve e in gas main El will he opened, and thegas as produced will be 'discharged hot through main EMO a place of use. The gas used for operating the exhaust devices being of. the sanzc quality as the gas generated, will not affect its thermal value.

During operation of the apparatus a sufficient volume of gas will be passed from main E through the scruhhers to the holder` to maintain a continuous supply thereof to gas'- engine O and compressor l for operating the gas-jet exhaust devices l), D. At any desircd time part of the compressed gas may be' drawn from pipe p and stored in a tank R by opening va ve r. When it is desired to use t. :e compressed gas in tank R, valve r" will be o )enedz This compressed gas may be used w ien start-ing up the generators after a period of rest.

After operating the generators for a eriod of twelve. or twenty-four hours, the xres or beds of fuel are apt to become plugged with dust and ashes so as to greatly im iedc the generation of gas. ln order tore( uce the vacuum on the fires and free them from dust and ashes, 1 reverse the action of one of the exhauster devices, that is, I shut oil the. gas from the exhaust nozzle l5- in the device l) and then admit compressed gas by opening valve g through the jet nozzle 71', thereby blowing compressed gas u i through the body of fuel in generator A. 'l'hc gas may be admitted to the nozzle h in sudden puffs or impulses so as to better blow out the dustand ashes fro'rn' the interstices of the fuel. .A reverse current is established through the lires and at the same time all of the gas will be dra-wn down through the body of fuel in generator A and off through the exhaust device D1. While cleaning the fire in generator A the gate valve c may be closed. Since a jet of gas will be admitted through nozzle h in the device D1, acting as an eighauster, and gas is shut off from the nozzle. li in the device D, there will be pressure in the bottom of genezator A and vacuum in the bottom of generator A, which l l r will 'serve to rapidly clean th'e fire in genera- 'tor A. 'l his cleaning operation can be performed in a very short timeone or two minutes. When it is deisired to clean the fire in generator A1, will be shut off from the 7@ exhaust nozzle L and. admitted through the nozzle li. in the device DI, while, at the same. time. the cxhauster in the device D will be in operation. This cleaning operation can he quickly done at any time without stopping '-z the generation of gas or in any way affecting the uality of the gas generated. During the leaning operation above described, the top rif-ors of both generators will be closed.

ln the above described o eration dust and go; ashes, which tend to plug t e lire, are blown rincipally from the body of incandescent' uel and lodge mostly on the side walls of the generator, the main object being to'open the fire or body of fuel to the passage of air and S5 gas. At certain intervals otwelve to twentyfour hours, the generation of gas in a generator is suspended and the ash and (finder removed through the doors y and y. During this cleaning operation, ges is shut off from the iet nozzles t-Land valve e is closed.

.Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

I. The method of operating a gas producer', 95 which consists in compressing emrib'ustible gas and by means of a jet thereof, under pressure, drawing air into a. body of ignited fuel and drawing' ofi: the resulting gas and dis-. charging it toa place of storage or "use,

2. The method of producing gas which consists in making producer-gas, compressing part of it, and returning it to a jet exhauster at the generator and thereby drawing the gas from tbe generator and delivering it underpressure to a place of use.

3. The method y of producing gas which consists n'making producer-gas, compressing part of it and returning it to a jet exhauster at the generator and thereby drawing down air into a body of fuel and drawing the resulting gas from the generator and forcing it to a holder or other place of use. A

4. The method of operating. a gas producer, which consistsiu making producergas, operating therewith a gas-engine and thereby operating a gas-compressor, compressing part of the gas generated, and by means of a jet of such compressed gas, drawing gas off from the producer and forcing it to a place of storage or use.

5. The method of producing gas, which consists in making producer-gas, compressing part of it and by means of a jet thereof, under pressure, drawing nir into abody of ignited fuel and drawing ofi' the. resulting gas and delivering it hot to a metallurgie or other furnace, whereby the sensible heat in the gas is utilized and no change. is made in the thermal qunlityof thc gas delivered.

and thereby operatingT 'a gus coinpresson compressing part of the. cie-ined gas and by means of a jet thereoi', drawing gas oli' from the'produeer and discharging it to a place of storage or use. i

S. T he. method of operating a generating plant, which consists in generating gas in a cupola furnace, compressing part of it and by means of a jet thereof drawing air or aeriorin fluid into a body of ignited fuel in the Cupola and drawing the resulting:r gas from the vupola and, at intervals, reversing the current of fas, under pressure, through the bod of fuelfor facilitating the operation. l

9. The method of operating a gas generating i laut, which consists in generating gas in a suitable furnace, compressing partol' it. and by Ineens of a jet thereof drawing ai! or ne riform luid down into a body of ignited fuel in the luruace and drawing the resulting; gas dowx through the body ol' i.1el,nud oil from the bottoni thereof, and, at intervals, reversing tho direction of current of compressed gas through the fuel.

1l The method of operating a gas gener ating plant, which consists in generntingfuelgas in a pair of counectinu chambers or furneces, compressing part or such gus, and, by means of jet-s thereof, drawing aeriforxn fluid into two bodies of ignited uei in the charmbers and drawing,l oil the resulting gas, and, at intervals, reversing the direction of ourrentof com ressed gas through one of the bodies of fue thereby producino' pressure in one 'body and vacuum or partie vaeuumjin the other body of fuel. B

l1. The method of operating a gas generating plant, which consists ii; .Generatingiuelgas in a pair of connecting pambers o furnaces, compressing part of suoli gas, and by means of 'ets thereof, drawing aeriform duid into two bodies of ignited fuel in the ohambers and drawing oil the resulting gas, and, et intervals, reversing the direction of current of :',efiupressed gas at one of the chambers and admitting it under pressure and impulses into the body ol' fuel in said chamber, thereby cleaninqr the ii're and produeing pressure in snc-h bo y of fuel and vacuum or partial vacuum in the other bod) of fuel.

12. The method of operating a gas generati ng plant, which consists in generating fuelges in a pair of connectingr chambers or ful'- naees, compressing part of such gas and, by

means of jets thereof, drawing aeriform Huid down into two bodies of ignited fuel in the chambers and drawing ofi :he resulting gas4 down through the same and, at intervals, reversing the direction of current of compressed at one of the chambers and admitting it under )rtssure and impulses into the bottom of the ody ot' fuel in said chamber, thereby 1draining the saine and producing pressure at the base of one chamber and vacuum or arf '.ial vacuum at the base of th'e other cham 'er. In testimony whereof I siii); my Signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANVLEY PE'IYIIBGNE. Witnesses:

Ron'r. H. CLARK, FRANCIS S. MAGUIRE.