US8979482B2 - Gas turbine of the axial flow type - Google Patents

Gas turbine of the axial flow type Download PDF

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Publication number
US8979482B2
US8979482B2 US13/306,025 US201113306025A US8979482B2 US 8979482 B2 US8979482 B2 US 8979482B2 US 201113306025 A US201113306025 A US 201113306025A US 8979482 B2 US8979482 B2 US 8979482B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
cavity
heat shields
cooling air
axial flow
gas turbine
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US13/306,025
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English (en)
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US20120134779A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Anatolievich Khanin
Valery Kostege
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Technology AG
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Assigned to ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD. reassignment ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KHANIN, ALEXANDER ANATOLIEVICH, Kostege, Valery
Publication of US20120134779A1 publication Critical patent/US20120134779A1/en
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Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/10—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/80—Platforms for stationary or moving blades
    • F05D2240/81—Cooled platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/201—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by impingement of a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after cooling one or more components is the cooling fluid recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to designing a stage of an axial flow turbine for a gas turbine unit.
  • the turbine stator includes a vane carrier with slots where a row of vanes and a row of stator heat shields are installed one after another.
  • the same stage includes a rotor having a rotating shaft with slots where a row of rotor heat shields and a row of blades are installed one after another.
  • the gas turbine 10 of FIG. 1 operates according to the principle of sequential combustion. It includes a compressor 11 , a first combustion chamber 14 with a plurality of burners 13 and a first fuel supply 12 , a high-pressure turbine 15 , a second combustion chamber 17 with a second fuel supply 16 , and a low-pressure turbine 18 with alternating rows of blades 20 and vanes 21 , which are arranged in a plurality of turbine stages arranged along the machine axis 22 .
  • FIG. 2 A section of a typical air-cooled gas turbine stage TS of a gas turbine 10 is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a row of vanes 21 is mounted on the vane carrier 19 .
  • a row of rotating blades 20 is provided each of which has at its tip an outer platform 24 with teeth ( 52 in FIG. 3(B) ) arranged on the upper side.
  • stator heat shields 26 are mounted on the vane carrier 19 .
  • Each of the vanes 21 has an outer vane platform 25 .
  • the vanes 21 and blades 20 with their respective outer platforms 25 and 24 border a hot gas path 29 , through which the hot gases from the combustion chamber flow.
  • Cooling of turbine parts is realized using air fed from the compressor 11 of the gas turbine unit.
  • compressed air is supplied from a plenum 23 through the holes 27 into the cavity 28 located between the vane carrier 19 and outer vane platforms 25 . Then the cooling air passes through the vane airfoil and flows out of the airfoil into the turbine flow path 29 (see horizontal arrows at the trailing edge of the airfoil in FIG. 2 ).
  • the blades 20 are cooled using air which passes through the blade shank and airfoil in vertical (radial) direction, and is discharged into the turbine flow path 29 through a blade airfoil slit and through an opening between the teeth 52 of the outer blade platform 24 . Cooling of the stator heat shields 26 is not specified in the design presented in FIG. 2 because the stator heat shields 26 are considered to be protected against a detrimental effect of the main hot gas flow by the outer blade platform 24 .
  • Disadvantages of the above described design can be considered to include, firstly, the fact that cooling air passing through the blade airfoil does not provide cooling efficient enough for the outer blade platform 24 and thus its long-term life span.
  • the opposite stator heat shield 26 is also protected insufficiently against the hot gas from the hot gas path 29 .
  • a disadvantage of this design is the existence of a slit within the zone A in FIG. 2 , since cooling air leakage occurs at the joint between the vane 21 and the subsequent stator heat shield 26 , resulting in a loss of cooling air, which enters into the turbine flow path 29 .
  • Another aspect includes a rotor with alternating rows of air-cooled blades and rotor heat shields, and a stator with alternating rows of air-cooled vanes and stator heat shields mounted on a vane carrier, whereby the stator coaxially surrounds the rotor to define a hot gas path in between, such that the rows of blades and stator heat shields, and the rows of vanes and rotor heat shields, are opposite to each other, respectively, and a row of vanes and the next row of blades in the downstream direction define a turbine stage, and whereby the blades are provided with outer blade platforms at their tips.
  • Means are provided within a turbine stage to direct cooling air that has already been used to cool, especially the airfoils of, the vanes of the turbine stage, into a first cavity located between the outer blade platforms and the opposed stator heat shields for protecting the stator heat shields against the hot gas and for cooling the outer blade platforms.
  • the outer blade platforms are provided on their outer side with parallel teeth extending in the circumferential direction, and said first cavity is bordered by said parallel teeth.
  • the vanes each comprise an outer vane platform
  • the directing means comprises a second cavity for collecting the cooling air, which exits the vane airfoil
  • the directing means further comprises means for discharging the collected cooling air radially into said first cavity.
  • the discharging means comprises a projection at the rear wall of the outer vane platform, which overlaps the first teeth in the flow direction of the adjacent outer blade platforms, and a screen, which covers the projection such that a channel for the cooling air is established between the projection and the screen, which ends in a radial slot just above the first cavity.
  • the second cavity and the discharging means are connected by a plurality of holes, which pass the rear wall of the outer vane platform and are equally spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • the second cavity is separated from the rest of the outer vane platform by a shoulder, and the second cavity is closed by a sealing screen.
  • FIG. 1 shows a well-known basic design of a gas turbine with sequential combustion, which may be used with embodiments in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows cooling details of a turbine stage of a gas turbine according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 shows cooling details of a turbine stage of a gas turbine according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a perspective view, the configuration of the outer platform of the vane of FIG. 3 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, whereby all of the screens are removed;
  • FIG. 5 shows in a perspective view the configuration of the outer platform of the vane of FIG. 3 with all screens put in place.
  • FIG. 3 shows cooling details of a turbine stage of a gas turbine 30 according to an exemplary embodiment and demonstrates the proposed design of the turbine stages TS, where cooling air is saved due to utilization of air used up in the vanes 31 .
  • a novelty of this includes not only cooling air savings, but also effective protection of the outer blade platform 34 against hot gas from the hot gas path 39 , due to a continuous sheet of cooling air discharged vertically from the slit ( 50 in FIG. 3(B) ) into a cavity 41 between parallel teeth 52 on the upper side of the outer blade platforms 34 of the blades 32 with an a turbine stage TS.
  • the slit 50 is formed by a screen 43 covering a projection 44 at the rear wall of the outer vane platform 35 (see FIG. 3 , zone B, and FIG. 3(B) ).
  • cooling air from the plenum 33 flows into cavity 38 through the cooling air hole 37 , passes a perforated screen 49 and enters the cooling channels in the interior of the vane airfoil.
  • the cooling air used up in the vane 31 for cooling passes from the airfoil into a cavity 46 partitioned off from the basic outer vane platform 35 by a shoulder 48 (see also FIG. 4 ). Then, this air is distributed from the cavity 46 into a row of holes 45 equally spaced in the circumferential direction.
  • the cavity 46 is closed with sealing screen 47 (see also FIG. 5 ).
  • perforated screen 49 see FIG. 5
  • perforated screen 49 is situated above the remaining largest portion of the outer vane platform 35 , and air is supplied through the holes in this screen to cool the platform surface and to enter the internal vane airfoil cavity (not shown in the figures).
  • Another new feature of the design is also the provision of the projection 44 on the rear wall of the vane outer platform 35 equipped with a honeycomb 51 on the underneath (see FIGS. 3-5 ).
  • the forward one of the teeth 52 of the outer blade platform 34 which prevents additional leakages of used-up air from the cavity 41 into the turbine flow path 39 , is situated directly under the projection 44 . Due to the presence of this projection, an additional gap (see FIG. 2 , zone A) making way for cooling air leakages, is avoided.
  • the proposed cooling scheme can have the following advantages:
  • Air used up in a vane 31 is utilized to cool parts, especially outer blade platforms 34 .
  • stator heat shields 36 There is no need in additional air for cooling the stator heat shields 36 .
  • a projection 44 which is covered by a screen 43 , generates a continuous air sheet of cooling air, which, in combination with the forward tooth 52 of the outer blade platform 34 , closes the cavity 41 located between the teeth 52 on the outer side of the outer blade platforms 34 .
  • the shape of the projection 44 on the outer vane platform 35 makes it possible to avoid additional cooling air leakages within the jointing zone (see A in FIG. 2 ) between the vanes 31 and the stator heat shields 36 .
  • vanes 31 with the projection 44 and a separate collector 46 to 48 for utilized air as well as combination of non-cooled stator heat shields 36 and two-pronged outer blade platforms 34 with a cavity 41 formed between the outer teeth 52 of these outer blade platforms 34 , enables a modern high-performance turbine to be designed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US13/306,025 2010-11-29 2011-11-29 Gas turbine of the axial flow type Expired - Fee Related US8979482B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010148727 2010-11-29
RU2010148727/06A RU2547541C2 (ru) 2010-11-29 2010-11-29 Осевая газовая турбина

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US20120134779A1 US20120134779A1 (en) 2012-05-31
US8979482B2 true US8979482B2 (en) 2015-03-17

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Country Status (8)

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US (1) US8979482B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2458159B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP5738158B2 (ru)
CN (1) CN102477873B (ru)
AU (1) AU2011250785B2 (ru)
HR (1) HRP20160731T1 (ru)
MY (1) MY159692A (ru)
RU (1) RU2547541C2 (ru)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120257954A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-10-11 Turbomeca Method for cooling turbine stators and cooling system for implementing said method
US20140144155A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2014-05-29 Andrew Down Gas turbine comprising a heat shield and method of operation
US10641174B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2020-05-05 General Electric Company Rotor shaft cooling
US10746098B2 (en) 2018-03-09 2020-08-18 General Electric Company Compressor rotor cooling apparatus
US11377957B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2022-07-05 General Electric Company Gas turbine engine with a diffuser cavity cooled compressor
US11492914B1 (en) * 2019-11-08 2022-11-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Engine with cooling passage circuit for air prior to ceramic component
US11674396B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-06-13 General Electric Company Cooling air delivery assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2886801B1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2019-04-24 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Seal system for a gas turbine and corresponding gas turbine

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US20090214328A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-08-27 Ian Tibbott Blades for gas turbine engines
WO2011076712A1 (fr) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 Turbomeca Procede de refroidissement de stators de turbines, système de refroidissement pour sa mise en oeuvre

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120257954A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2012-10-11 Turbomeca Method for cooling turbine stators and cooling system for implementing said method
US20140144155A1 (en) * 2011-04-04 2014-05-29 Andrew Down Gas turbine comprising a heat shield and method of operation
US9482112B2 (en) * 2011-04-04 2016-11-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine comprising a heat shield and method of operation
US10641174B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2020-05-05 General Electric Company Rotor shaft cooling
US11377957B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2022-07-05 General Electric Company Gas turbine engine with a diffuser cavity cooled compressor
US10746098B2 (en) 2018-03-09 2020-08-18 General Electric Company Compressor rotor cooling apparatus
US11492914B1 (en) * 2019-11-08 2022-11-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Engine with cooling passage circuit for air prior to ceramic component
US11674396B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-06-13 General Electric Company Cooling air delivery assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5738158B2 (ja) 2015-06-17
AU2011250785A1 (en) 2012-06-14
CN102477873B (zh) 2015-10-14
HRP20160731T1 (hr) 2016-07-29
US20120134779A1 (en) 2012-05-31
EP2458159B1 (en) 2016-03-30
RU2547541C2 (ru) 2015-04-10
JP2012117538A (ja) 2012-06-21
RU2010148727A (ru) 2012-06-10
CN102477873A (zh) 2012-05-30
AU2011250785B2 (en) 2015-09-03
EP2458159A1 (en) 2012-05-30
MY159692A (en) 2017-01-13

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