US89780A - Improvement in governors for steam and other bug-inert - Google Patents

Description

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IL PETERS, PHOTO-LITMUGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D, C,

` is embodied. i.

" a highly sensitive and eii'ective action.

JEREMIAH i \`v i l v Q wird tant @anni tjlllnr.

Avenir MABDEN, oFfBoSTon, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNon To GEORGE Y 1M, GIBS'ONAND THOMAS A. JQHNSTON, or SAMErLAoE.

" LemsPaaatNb, senso, am@ May 4,1869.

IMPROVEMENT 1N GovnRNoRs ron STEAM AND OTHER SNGINERY. Y

Theloheule referred to in thesefLetters Patent and making part of the same.`

To all `to whom these presents shall come; Y

Be it-known that LlJEREMrAH AVERY MARDEN, of

exactdescription thereof,`.due, reference being had t0 the accompanying drawings, making part of this speciiication, and in Vwhi`ch`` 4 Figure 1 isa perspective representation, and Figure 2, a vertical yand longitudinal section of a governor, in theconstruction of which mypinvention The inventioneomprising the subjectmatter of this patent is intendedto constitute a governorlfory regulating the speed of steam-engines and other inotois) possessing the desired simplicity and durability,

combined with extremecheapuess of production and AThe invention consists in the arrangement of one orinore shallow vanes, or blades, aiixed to arms,

swivelled to a revolving disk, which is mounted Vupon a tubular shaft, supported suitable in bearings, and carrying a sliding spindle, connectedwith the engine-valve,

by an intermediate lever andw'eighted connecting-rod,

the whole being so arranged 'thatby friction upon the blades,` induced byfcontactwith the atmosphere against which `they are `driven by the revolution ofl their supporting-disk, they shall govern and control, in combinationwith the weighted lever, the longitudinal movement of the spindle,.andoflthe weightedy rod and engine-valve.

Referring to the drawings, before mentioned as accompanying this specification, kand which `illustrate my invention, it will be seen that the device corn- "prising my invention isv shown at Nyinwhich B de- I notes atubular shaft, properly supported in hearings, xedto'uprights D-D, making part of the standard, or frame to which the Working-parts are applied.

To` one extremity of the shaft-B, and outside of one upright, l affix 'a driving-pulley, E, while upon the opposite side of the upright D, I` ax to the shaft a disk, F. A,

AGr G', in the drawings," denote two thin iiat blades,

V or-vane's, aixedat one "edge, to the outer extremi 'ties `of two oscillating rods, or rocker-shafts, H H,

supported` within guides,or lbearings I`Iaiiixed to the inner face pf `the disk-F, and extending -in oppol" ,site directions therefrom, `the said.u vanes being of like size and shape,"and in dispositionbeing concentric, with the path of revolution of the disk and-itsshaft, and `when `at their extreme inward positions, are parallel, or thereabouts, to such shaft.

To each rodH a `tripper, or pallet, J, is affixed,

i each pallet projecting laterally `inwadfroui the rod, and extending into the interior of the tubular'shaft,

,through a longitudinal slot cut within opposite sides thereof, as represented in the drawings. v

L, in the drawings, denotesa spindle, disposed loosely within the boreof the shaft B, and abutting at one end against the free ends of the pallets JJ before mentioned, the opposite extremity of the spin dle projecting some distance beyond the shaft, and being stepped in an upright arm, a, of a bell-crank lever, b, this lever being fulcrumed to a bracket, c, or to any suitable projection, or extension of the frame y which supports the workingfparts 'of the device.

-Froni the lower or horizontal arm, d, of the bellcrank b, I suspend a connecting-rod, c, such r'od having a series of weights, ff, properly combined with it.

The lowerend of the rod e is to be connected with the valve of the engine, which the device is intended to control,'in such manner thatA fluctuations ofthe bell-'crank I) shall produce corresponding reciprocations of the rod, and through 'it the valve.

Although various modifications of features o'if my invention may be developed, the above description embraces one form of `construction which I have put into practical use. y

The operation of the device, as above constructed, may be thus described, premisiug suchdescrption by the supposition that it will be seen that a revolution of the shaft and disk, in the direction of the arrow, upon the latter, will have the effect, varying in defleeting the vanes G G', by impact with the atmosphere, from a parallel to an oblique position with respect tothe axis of their shaft; it also being understood that the weights upon the rod e are of more than suliicient gravity to maintain the spindle L in contact with the pallets J J, under all conditions of service; notice also being taken of the fact that a depression' of the rod c, and of the lower arm of the lever b, by the action of the weights, produces an opening of the valve, and increasing the amount of v Asteam admitted to the engine; Whereas'the gravity Y of the weights operates through the medium of the lever. b and rod e, -to V'move the valve, in one direction,

' or to open it,` and the contact of the revolving blades v with the atmosphere tends to force. the spindle and lever, and, consequently, the valve inthe opposite di rection, Vand so'as to close the latter. Au entire preponderance of either will, of necessity, detract tosome extent from the perfect working of the apparatus.,

` Therefore, the amount of weightsapplied to the rod c should be varied, l,according to the number of revo` `lutions to be obtained from the engine per minute,

since. the greater; the rapidity with which the vanes are impelled through the atmosphere, the greater will' be their resistance thereto, the result of which is to drive the spindle'and lever in a direction opposite to that effected by the weights; in other words, if a sufficient quantity of weights is added to the rod e to overcome the action of the semi-rotation of the blades upon the Vspindle L, the valve is caused 4to remain fully open, or approximately'so, and the engineV attain too great speed,while,otcc versa, should suiiicient weights be removed to allow the vanes to remain at their extreme oblique position, they will actuate the spindle and lever iu-opposition to the gravity of the weight,

the characteristic i to such an extent as to close the valve, and reduce the speed of the engine to too low a degree.

Wewill suppose the instrument to be adjusted to allow the engine to run at the rate of two hundred revolutions per minute. If it is desired to increase this ratio to three hundred, more or less, vmore weights, as practice shall determine, are to be added' to those upon the rod e, which will cause the power ofthe weight to overbalance that of the blades, aud by lowering the rod e, open the valve, and admit a greater quantity of steam to the engine.

Vice versa, should it be desirable to reduce the rate of speed below two hundred revolutions, weights are to be taken from off those originally upon the rod e, which allows the superior action of the power exerted by the vanes to drive the spindle against the crank b, to such an extent, and in such a direction, as to close the-valve partially, and reduce the speed of the enine. g The instrument being thus adjusted to the number of revolutions required by the engine, becomes after- Ward automatic, and regular in performing its functions, the vanes standing preferably about midway between their extreme positions.

Should the engine increase in speed to too great an extent, beyond the mean stand-point required, the increased resistance of the vanes to the atmosphere, consequent upon their accelerated flight, tends to overcorne the power exerted by the weight, and to deflect the said vanes toward their extreme oblique position, with respect to the tubular' shaft and spindle, and, in manner as before explained, eifects a longitudinal movement of the latter, in such a direction as to raise the rod e and close the valve, and consequently' reduce the amount of steam admitted to the engine.

Per cont/ra, should the speed of the engine decrease from the desired stand-point to an excess, the diminished speed and resistance of the vanes allow the gravity of the weight to overcome the power exerted by such resistance upon the spindle, and, by lowering the rod c, open the valve, and increase the amount of steam admitted to the engine.

As I desire to secure about an equal action of the power exerted by the vanes and the Weights, respectively, the number of the latter must be varied, according to the various conditions of speed and labor required of the engine.

Practice will soon enable experienced persons to regulate it perfectly.

As before observed, various modifications may be mada-,of my invention.

For instance, in lieu ofthe disposition of the vanes as before explained, their supporting-rods may be applied radially to the disk, and pivoted thereto, and with the inner extremities of such rods extending into the interior of the tubular shaft, and abutting against the spindle, the faces of the vanes being place'd at an angle of about forty-five degrees to the path of revolution of the supporting-disk. f

Under this arrangement of the vanes, their impact against the atmosphere has the effect of producing a forward movement ofthe lower extremities of their I would remark, that in place of the weights f j, a

spring, or'other equivalent device, may be employed, which, in case of marine engines,- might be important.

I would also remark, that a belt, driven by a pulley from the engine, is to travel about the pulley E, so las to rotate the disk F at the rate of about three hundred revolutions per minute.

One advantage of my invention, which will readily manifest itself, is that it is equally effective in any requisite position, and for this reason will be found valuable for marine engines, where ordinary governors cannot be used.

Another advantage of my invention results from several points of economy, as compared to propellergovernors, so called, and to the generality of governors now iu use.

One point of economy is the small cost of construction.

Another is that it requires no care beyond that required to oil its bearings.

. Another is that it dispenses with the use and waste of oil, as well as time required to replenish the same, as in propeller-governors.

It has been found, in practical use of my invention, that its valve-controlling portion does not fluctuate to the extent observable in other governors, and although being very sensitive, maintains an even and steady motion of the engine, irrespective of sudden changes of resistance to the engines power.

In practice, the vanes should be enclosed within a screen or shield, of such formation that, while -permitting free access of the atmosphere to the vanes,`it shall protect them from any strong currents of wind,

which would tend to impair their ecient action, and.

from liability to accidents.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The construction and arrangement of xthe vanesy `Gr G', in combinati-on with the weight j, substantially as herein made known.

2, The combination of the vanes G- G', spindle L,

bell-crank b, with the weight f, whereby to regulate steam and other enginery, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination and arrangement of the vanes G G', rods H H, pallets J J, and spindle L, substantially as before explained.

JEREMIAH AVERY MARDEN.

Witnesses: v y

FRED. CURTIS, EnMUND H. Hnwms.

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